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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Type I interferon autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome and association with outcomes and treatment effect of interferon beta‐1b in MIRACLE clinical trial
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2023-03)
    Details
    In: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2023-03)
    Abstract: Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential antiviral cytokines induced upon respiratory exposure to coronaviruses. Defects in type I IFN signaling can result in severe disease upon exposure to respiratory viral infection and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) to type I IFNs were reported as a risk factor for life‐threatening COVID‐19, but their presence has not been evaluated in patients with severe Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Methods We evaluated the prevalence of type I IFN auto‐Abs in a cohort of hospitalized patients with MERS who were enrolled in a placebo‐controlled clinical trial for treatment with IFN‐β1b and lopinavir‐ritonavir (MIRACLE trial). Samples were tested for type I IFN auto‐Abs using a multiplex particle‐based assay. Results Among the 62 enrolled patients, 15 (24.2%) were positive for immunoglobulin G auto‐Abs for at least one subtype of type I IFNs. Auto‐Abs positive patients were not different from auto‐Abs negative patients in age, sex, or comorbidities. However, the majority (93.3%) of patients who were auto‐Abs positive were critically ill and admitted to the ICU at the time of enrollment compared to 66% in the auto‐Abs negative patients. The effect of treatment with IFN‐β1b and lopinavir‐ritonavir did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates the presence of type I IFN auto‐Abs in hospitalized patients with MERS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1750-2640 , 1750-2659
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/irv.v17.3
    DOI: 10.1111/irv.13116
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2272349-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 382-390
    Details
    In: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 382-390
    Abstract: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, but the effectiveness of this approach has not been studied. Methods Patients with MERS from 14 Saudi Arabian centers were included in this analysis. Patients who were initially managed with NIV were compared to patients who were managed only with invasive mechanical ventilation (invasive MV). Results Of 302 MERS critically ill patients, NIV was used initially in 105 (35%) patients, whereas 197 (65%) patients were only managed with invasive MV. Patients who were managed with NIV initially had lower baseline SOFA score and less extensive infiltrates on chest radiograph compared with patients managed with invasive MV. The vast majority (92.4%) of patients who were managed initially with NIV required intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation, and were more likely to require inhaled nitric oxide compared to those who were managed initially with invasive MV. ICU and hospital length of stay were similar between NIV patients and invasive MV patients. The use of NIV was not independently associated with 90‐day mortality (propensity score‐adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI [0.23, 1.60] P  = 0.27). Conclusions In patients with MERS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, NIV failure was very high. The use of NIV was not associated with improved outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1750-2640 , 1750-2659
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/irv.2019.13.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12635
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2272349-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enteral Feeding Intolerance: Updates in Definitions and Pathophysiology
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Nutrition in Clinical Practice Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 40-49
    Details
    In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 40-49
    Abstract: Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is a common feature in critically ill patients worldwide. However, there is no clear, widely agreed‐upon definition available, with various studies rarely using the same definition. The term EFI is frequently used to describe vomiting or large gastric residual volumes associated with enteral feeding as a result of gastroparesis/delayed gastric emptying. However, the syndrome of EFI may represent the consequence of various pathophysiological mechanisms, and this heterogeneity may explain varying associations with outcomes. In clinical practice, a pragmatic definition may be useful. A pragmatic definition of EFI is that a clinician has decided to reduce the amount of enteral nutrition specifically because features of gastrointestinal dysfunction appeared during enteral feeding. For research purposes, a more detailed definition of EFI is required to improve knowledge and explore interventions that may improve patient‐centered outcomes. The objective of this review is to summarize available evidence on existing definitions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the clinical relevance of EFI in critically ill patients. Based on current knowledge, we propose a conceptual framework for a definition of EFI for a future consensus process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0884-5336 , 1941-2452
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ncp.v36.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10599
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170063-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Preferences for the measurement and supplementation of magnesium, phosphate and zinc in ICUs: The international WhyTrace survey
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 390-396
    Details
    In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Wiley, Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 390-396
    Abstract: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often have low magnesium, phosphate and zinc levels. Monitoring of serum concentrations and supplementation may be important, but there is no consensus on optimal practice. The objective of the WhyTrace survey was to describe current practice regarding the measurement and supplementation of magnesium, phosphate and zinc in ICUs. Methods A 54‐item electronic questionnaire was developed in accordance with SURGE, SUrvey Reporting GuidelinE, to address international clinical practice in the ICU. National investigators recruited ICUs in ten countries with one physician responding per ICU using a unique e‐mail distributed survey‐link. Results The questionnaire was sent to clinicians in 336 ICUs of whom 283 (84%) responded. In 62% of the ICUs, a standard procedure was in place regarding the measurement of serum magnesium levels, in 58% for phosphate and in 9% for zinc. Zinc was never or rarely measured in 64% of ICUs. The frequency of requesting serum levels varied from twice daily to once weekly. Regarding supplementation, 66% of ICUs had a standard procedure for magnesium, 63% for phosphate and 15% for zinc. Most procedures recommended supplementation when serum levels were below the lower reference level, but some used the upper reference levels as the threshold for supplementation and others decided on a case‐by‐case basis. Conclusion The practice of measuring and supplementing magnesium, phosphate and zinc differed substantially between ICUs. Our findings indicate that there is a need for high‐quality prospective data on frequencies of measurements, treatment goals and effects of supplementation on patient‐important outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-5172 , 1399-6576
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/aas.v65.3
    DOI: 10.1111/aas.13738
    RVK:
    XA 11250
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004319-3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Enteral Nutrition Safety With Advanced Treatments: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Prone Positioning, and Infusion of Neuromuscular Blockers
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Nutrition in Clinical Practice Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 88-97
    Details
    In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 88-97
    Abstract: This review aims at assessing the safety and efficacy of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone positioning, and infusion of neuromuscular blockers. Existing data from randomized controlled trials demonstrate the survival benefit of early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. Observational data have demonstrated that enteral nutrition in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone positioning, and infusion of neuromuscular blockers is generally safe. However, these patients are at increased risk for gastrointestinal complications from enteral nutrition because of critical illness–induced gastrointestinal dysfunction; associated shock; the concomitant use of vasopressor agents, sedatives, and narcotics; possibly mesenteric circulatory compromise; and regurgitation associated with prone positioning. Therefore, early enteral nutrition is generally recommended in these patients in the absence of severe gastrointestinal dysfunction or shock. To reduce the complications, early nutrition should be advanced gradually (trophic feeding or permissive underfeeding), the bed should be tilted to a maximum of 30°, and concentrated nutritional formulae and the use of prokinetics may be considered to treat enteral feeding intolerance. Physicians should be vigilant about monitoring for early signs of acute mesenteric ischemia, which should lead to holding enteral feeding. Parenteral nutrition may be utilized in patients who cannot receive enteral nutrition or are unable to reach their nutrition goals by the end of the first week.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0884-5336 , 1941-2452
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ncp.v36.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10621
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170063-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Etomidate Use for Intubation of Patients with Sepsis
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 475-482
    Details
    In: Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 475-482
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0277-0008
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01027.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2061167-5
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Near‐Target Caloric Intake in Critically Ill Medical‐Surgical Patients Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 280-288
    Details
    In: Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 280-288
    Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether caloric intake independently influences mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients. Methods: The study was conducted as a nested cohort study within a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU). The main exposure in the study was average caloric intake/target for the first 7 ICU days. The primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU‐acquired infections, ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation days, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). The authors divided patients (n = 523) into 3 tertiles according to the percentage of caloric intake/target: tertile I 〈 33.4%, tertile II 33.4%–64.6%, and tertile III 〉 64.6%. To adjust for potentially confounding variables, the authors assessed the association between caloric intake/target and the different outcomes using multivariate logistic regression for categorical outcomes (tertile I was used as reference) and multiple linear regression for continuous outcomes. Results: Tertile III was associated with higher adjusted hospital mortality, higher risk of ICU‐acquired infections, and a trend toward higher VAP rate. Increasing caloric intake was independently associated with a significant increase in duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that near‐target caloric intake is associated with significantly increased hospital mortality, ICU‐acquired infections, mechanical ventilation duration, and ICU and hospital LOS. Further studies are needed to explore whether reducing caloric intake would improve the outcomes in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-6071 , 1941-2444
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0148607109353439
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170060-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Nutrition support for critically ill patients
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Vol. 45, No. S2 ( 2021-11)
    Details
    In: Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 45, No. S2 ( 2021-11)
    Abstract: Nutrition support is an important aspect of the management of critically ill patients. This review highlights the emerging evidence on critical care nutrition and focuses on the pathophysiologic interplay between critical illness, the gastrointestinal tract, and nutrition support and the evidence on the best route, dose, and timing of nutrition. Although indirect calorimetry is recommended to measure energy expenditure, predictive equations are commonly used but are limited by their inaccuracy in individual patients. The current evidence supports early enteral nutrition (EN) in most patients, with a gradual increase in the daily dose over the first week. Delayed EN is warranted in patients with severe shock. According to recent trials, parenteral nutrition seems to be as effective as EN and may be started if adequate EN is not achieved by the first week of critical illness. A high protein dose has been recommended, but the best timing is unclear. Immuno‐nutrition should not be routinely provided to critically ill patients. Patients receiving artificial nutrition should be monitored for metabolic derangements. Additional adequately powered studies are still needed to resolve many unanswered questions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-6071 , 1941-2444
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpen.v45.S2
    DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2228
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170060-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Vol. 44, No. 7 ( 2020-09), p. 1174-1184
    Details
    In: Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 7 ( 2020-09), p. 1174-1184
    Abstract: In the midst of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, a paucity of data precludes derivation of COVID‐19–specific recommendations for nutrition therapy. Until more data are available, focus must be centered on principles of critical care nutrition modified for the constraints of this disease process, ie, COVID‐19–relevant recommendations. Delivery of nutrition therapy must include strategies to reduce exposure and spread of disease by providing clustered care, adequate protection of healthcare providers, and preservation of personal protective equipment. Enteral nutrition (EN) should be initiated early after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) using a standard isosmolar polymeric formula, starting at trophic doses and advancing as tolerated, while monitoring for gastrointestinal intolerance, hemodynamic instability, and metabolic derangements. Intragastric EN may be provided safely, even with use of prone‐positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians should have a lower threshold for switching to parenteral nutrition in cases of intolerance, high risk of aspiration, or escalating vasopressor support. Although data extrapolated from experience in acute respiratory distress syndrome warrants use of fiber additives and probiotic organisms, the lack of benefit precludes a recommendation for micronutrient supplementation. Practices that increase exposure or contamination of equipment, such as monitoring gastric residual volumes, indirect calorimetry to calculate requirements, endoscopy or fluoroscopy to achieve enteral access, or transport out of the ICU for additional imaging, should be avoided. At all times, strategies for nutrition therapy need to be assessed on a risk/benefit basis, paying attention to risk for both the patient and the healthcare provider.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-6071 , 1941-2444
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpen.v44.7
    DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1930
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170060-6
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  • 10
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    Author Response
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2010-11), p. 592-592
    Details
    In: Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2010-11), p. 592-592
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-6071 , 1941-2444
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0148607110385820
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170060-6
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