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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status in Hyperparathyroidism: Immunocytochemical and In Situ Hybridization Study (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 736-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) family has been increasingly recognized as an important component in the control of normal cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of cancer. We have studied EGFr expression in 104 cases of hyperparathyroidism by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and by in situ hybridization (ISH). Using two different monoclonal antibodies, ICC for EGFr was performed on 66 cryostat sections and 38 wax-embedded parathyroid glands. ISH was performed on 49 of these glands using a cocktail of three anti-sense probes to EGFr mRNA and a nonspecific control probe to human HPV-18 virus. Breast and prostate tumors were employed as positive controls for both ICC and ISH. Controls demonstrated positive EGFr staining. None of the 104 parathyroid glands showed any ICC positivity. ISH displayed positive staining for EGFr mRNA in five of six carcinomas and eight of nine nonrenal hyperplastic glands. Only 3 of 15 adenomas and 3 of 19 renal hyperplastic glands showed positive staining. This difference was statistically significant between adenoma and carcinoma ( p 〈 0.05) and between adenoma and nonrenal hyperplasia ( p 〈 0.01) (Tukey’s multiple comparison test). This study demonstrates that EGFr mRNA is present in parathyroid tumors. Expression in carcinoma and nonrenal hyperplasia is significantly different from adenoma and renal hyperplastic glands. In contrast, ICC failed to demonstrate EGFr protein expression. These findings suggest that either receptor numbers are too low to detect by ICC or there is a failure of mRNA translation. More studies are needed to establish whether the EGFr plays a role in the development of parathyroid cancer or hyperplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary Single Center Clinical Experience of the Use of a New Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 2 (1998), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8595
    Keywords: Sentinel ; implantable defibrillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a single center’s preliminary clinical experience of the Sentinel (Angeion, Minneapolis, MN) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), which employs novel technologies that offer the potential for significant reduction in ICD size. Thirty-three patients have received Sentinel ICDs with a mean follow-up of 450 (range 150– 1023) days. Device shock therapy has been used to defibrillate/cardiovert 43 spontaneous episodes of malignant ventricular arrhythmia and 510 episodes of hemodynamically well tolerated ventricular arrhythmia have been pace-terminated (pace-termination failed in 6 episodes with subsequent delivery of appropriate shock therapy). There has been no arrhythmic death in this patient population. There have been 9 inappropriate shocks in 6 patients (in 2 patients for atrial fibrillation which had satisfied the algorithm detection criteria for high zone ventricular arrhythmia, in 3 for sinus tachycardia [rate greater than 180 beats per min] and in 1 due to device capacitor malfunction). Device replacement has been required for component malfunction in 3 patients. There have been no other major complications. Follow-up time to date is short and long-term device efficacy and performance remain unproven. However, our early clinical experience suggests that the innovations used to manufacture the Sentinel ICD have facilitated reduction in ICD size without compromising therapeutic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009760605033
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Systematic Evaluation of Conventional and Novel Transvenous Pathways for Defibrillation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 3 (1999), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8595
    Keywords: defibrillation ; superior vena cava ; pulmonary artery ; inferior vena cava
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Conventional implantable cardioverter defibrillators employ endocardial (shock) electrodes with a lead located in the right ventricular apex (RV) and a “hot-can” electrode located subcutaneously in the left pectoral region. In the event of a high defibrillation threshold (DFT) a third electrode is frequently employed in the superior vena cava (SVC). We report the comparison of conventional and novel locations of additional electrodes with the RV/Can configuration, in a porcine model. Method: In 12 anesthetized pigs (30–45 kg), endocardial defibrillation electrodes were randomized to the following locations: RV/Can, RV/Can + SVC, RV/Can + main pulmonary artery (MPA) and RV/Can + left pulmonary artery wedge position (PAW), RV/Can + high inferior vena cava (HIVC), RV/Can + Low inferior vena cava (LIVC). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced using 60 Hz alternating current. After 10 seconds VF a rectangular biphasic shock was delivered by the ARD9000 (Angeion Corp). The DFT was determined for each configuration using a modified four-reversal binary search. All configurations were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and the five 3-electrode configurations were compared to the RV/Can position using a Dunnett test. Results: Mean DFTs: RV = 21.5 ± 4.8 J, SVC = 16.8 ± 4.7 J (p 〈 0.05 vs. RV), HIVC = 21.1 ± 4.7 J (p 〈. 0.05), LIVC = 19.1 ± 5.7 J (p 〈. 0.05 vs. RV), MPA = 16.0 ± 5.8 J (p 〈 0.01), PAW = 17.5 ± 4.6 J (p 〈 0.05 vs. RV). Conclusions: Relative to the RV/can configuration the addition of a third electrode in the PA, PAW or SVC significantly reduces the DFT in the pig. The addition of an electrode to the IVC did not significantly reduce the DFT in our model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009895623802
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Defibrillation Threshold with Right-sided Active Pectoral Can (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 4 (2000), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8595
    Keywords: defibrillation ; active can ; right pectoral ; implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the optimal position on the chest wall to place an implant able cardioverter defibrillator in a two-electrode system, consisting of a right ventricular electrode and active can. Methods and Results: Defibrillation thresholds (DFT) were measured in 10 anaesthetised pigs (weight 33–45kg). An Angeflex™ lead was introduced transvenously to the right ventricular apex. The test-can (43cc) was implanted submuscularly in each of four locations: left pectoral (LP), right pectoral (RP), left lateral (LL) and apex (A). The sequence in which the four locations were tested was randomized. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced using 60Hz alternating current. Rectangular biphasic shocks were delivered 10 seconds after VF induction. The DFT was measured using a modified four-reversal binary search. The results of the four configurations were: LP, 14.6± 4.0J; RP, 18.8± 4.2J; LL, 14.7± 4.1J; A, 14.9± 3.1J. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the DFT of RP was significantly higher than LP, LL and A (p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: Implanting an active can in the RP position increases the DFT by 29% compared to LP, LL and A sites. The can position on the left thorax does not appear to have a significant influence on DFT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009882016469
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Middle Cardiac Vein—A Novel Pathway to Reduce the Defibrillation Threshold (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 3 (1999), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8595
    Keywords: ventricular defibrillation ; middle cardiac vein ; defibrillation threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Defibrillation energy requirements of epicardial implantable cardioverter defibrillator systems are generally lower than endovascular systems currently used. The former has the disadvantage of requiring a thoracotomy and so has a greater morbidity and mortality than an endovascular procedure. The middle cardiac vein (MCV) is an epicardial structure that is accessible by a non-thoracotomy approach. This study investigated the merits of ventricular defibrillation from the middle cardiac vein. Methods and Results. Defibrillation thresholds (DFT) were measured in 10 anesthetized pigs, weighing 34.5–44.1 kg (mean 39 kg). An Angeflex electrode (1.7mm × 50mm) was introduced via the left external jugular vein to the right ventricular apex. The MCV was identified with standard angiography techniques and a 4080 (Angeion Corp.) defibrillation electrode (1.6mm × 65mm) introduced into the vein. An active can was implanted in the left subpectoral region. The defibrillation thresholds (DFT) of the following defibrillation configurations were assessed using a modified four-reversal binary search: RV → Can, RV+MCV → Can and MCV → Can. The DFT's for the three configurations were 15.5±2.8 J, 10.8±3.4 J and 13.7±2.4 J. Analysis of variance showed that the DFT with the RV+MCV combination was significantly less than the RV alone (p 〈 0.05) Conclusions: Defibrillation is possible through the MCV and that incorporating an electrode in the MCV with RV-Can configuration can reduce the DFT by 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009827607495
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual and combined toxicity of manganese and molybdenum to mussel,Mytilus edulis, larvae (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1986), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607765
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment bioassays with oyster larvae (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 438-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622275
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vector Bundles and F Theory (1997)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 187 (1997), S. 679-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: To understand in detail duality between heterotic string and F theory compactifications, it is important to understand the construction of holomorphic G bundles over elliptic Calabi-Yau manifolds, for various groups G. In this paper, we develop techniques to describe these bundles, and make several detailed comparisons between the heterotic string and F theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050154
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meteoritic material in a Boulder from the Apollo 17 Site: Implications for its origin (1975)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 14 (1975), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen samples of Boulder 1 from Station 2 at the Apollo 17 site were analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis for Ag, Au, Bi, Br, Cd, Cs, Ge, Ir, Ni, Rb, Re, Sb, Te, Tl, U, and Zn. Two clast samples contam no meteoritic material and appear to consist of relatively pristine igneous rocks: an unusual, KREEP-rich pigeonite basalt of very high Ge content, and an alkali-poor coarse norite. Nine grey or black breccia samples contain a unique, Group 3 meteoritic component of Ir/Au ratio 0.65–0.82, which appears to separate into subgroups 3H and 3L on the basis of Ni, Ge, and Re content. It is quite distinct from the Group 2 component (Ir/Au - 0.46–0.54) that dominates at the Apollo 17 site. The unique black-rimmed clasts from this boulder show striking compositional zoning. The cores of anorthositic breccia are very low in Rb, Cs, and U, and have a distinctive 5L meteoritic component (Ir/Au≈1.1). The black rinds are 5- to 10-fold richer in Rb, Cs, and U and have a Group 3 meteoritic component. The cores may represent breccias formed in an earlier impact that became coated with alkali-rich ejecta during the event that produced the boulder. Because of the rarity of the Group 3 meteoritic component at the Apollo 17 site, this boulder cannot represent ordinary Serenitatis ejecta, with their characteristic admixture of the Group 2 Serenitatis projectile. It may represent pre-Serenitatis material excavated from the fringes of the crater during late stages of the Serenitatis impact, but only lightly shocked and hence uncontaminated by the Serenitatis projectile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569671
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meteoritic material on the moon (1973)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 8 (1973), S. 3-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three types of meteoritic material are found on the Moon: micrometeorites, ancien planetesimal debris from the ‘early intense bombardment’, and debris of recent, crater-forming projectiles. Their amounts and compositions have been determined from trace element studies. The micrometeorite component is uniformly distributed over the entire lunar surface, but is seen most clearly in mare soils. It has a primitive, C1-chondrite-like composition, and comprises 1-1.5% of mature soils. Apparently it represents cometary debris. The mean annual influx rate is 2.4 × 10−9 g cm−2 yr−1. It shows no detectable time variation or dependence on selenographic position. The ancient component is seen in highland breccias and soils more than 3.9 AE old. It has a fractionated composition, with volatiles depleted relative to siderophiles. The abundance pattern does not match that of any known meteorite class. At least two varieties exist (LN and DN, with Ir/Au, Re/Au 0.25-0.5 and 〉 0.5 the C1 value). Both seem to represent the debris of planetesimals that produced the mare basins and highland craters during the first 700 Myr of the Moon's history. It appears that the LN and DN objects impacted at less then 10 km s−1, had diameters less than 100 km, contained more than 15% Fe, and were not internally differentiated. Both were depleted in volatiles; the LN objects also in refractories (Ir, Re). This makes it unlikely that the LN bodies served as important building blocks of the Moon. The crater-forming component has remained elusive. Only a possible hint of this component has been seen, in ejecta from Dune Crater and Apollo 12 KREEP glasses of Copernican (?) origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562747
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