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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of decay-resistant sapwood in response to injury (1970)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Mechanical injury to the sapwood of Quercus alba, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Maclura pomifera resulted in the formation of discolored tissue which was more resistant to decay fungi than the adjacent uninjured sapwood but usually less resistant than the heartwood. Considerable tree-to-tree variation in response to injury, as measured by subsequent variations in decay resistance, was noted. The exact cause for this induced decay resistance is unknown, but it appears to be due to fungistatic substances produced in situ by the dying parenchymous cells in the xylem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid auxin- and fusicoccin-enhanced Rb+ uptake and malate synthesis in Avena coleoptile sections (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Cell elongation ; Ion uptake ; Malate synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The short-term effects of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and fusicoccin (FC) on Rb+ uptake and malate accumulation in Avena sativa L. coleoptile sections have been investigated. FC stimulates 86Rb+ uptake within 1 min while auxin-enhanced uptake begins after a 15–20-min lag period. Auxin has little or no effect on 86Rb+ uptake at external pHs of 6.0 or less, but substantial auxin effects can be observed in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.5. Competition studies indicate that the uptake mechanism is specific for Rb+ and K+. After 3 h of auxin treatment the total amount of malate in the coleoptile sections is doubled compared to control sections. FC causes a doubling of malate levels within 60 min of treatment. Auxin-induced malate accumulation exhibits a sensitivity to inhibitors and pH which is similar to that observed for the H+-extrusion and Rb+-uptake responses. Both auxin- and FC-enhanced malate accumulation are stimulated by monovalent cations but this effect is not specific for K+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of pentosan biosynthesis in barley aleurone tissue by gibberellic acid (1973)
    Springer
    Planta 111 (1973), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Treatment of isolated barley aleurone layers with gibberellic acid (GA3) resulted in a progressive inhibition of cell-wall synthesis after a 4-h lag period. The incorporation of both [14C]arabinose and [14C]glucose into the cell wall was inhibited by GA3, but analysis of the labelled sugars in the polymerized product showed that the process most affected by the hormone treatment was pentosan biosynthesis. Labelling kinetics and pulse-chase analysis indicated that the pentosans were synthesized in the cytoplasm and subsequently transferred to the cell wall; GA3 did not significantly affect the latter step. The GA3-inhibited labelling of the cell-wall pentosans cannot be explained on the basis of an effect on uptake of radioactive cell-wall precursor, expansion of the free pentose pool, or degradation of newly-formed pentosan. GA3 inhibited the activity of a membrane-bound arabinosyl transferase present in the aleurone layers. This inhibition may explain the inhibition of cell-wall pentosan synthesis by GA3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385555
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of biofilm reactor solid support for mixed-culture lactic acid production (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 728-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A combination of lactobacilli and biofilm-forming bacteria were evaluated in continuous fermentations for lactic acid production using various supports. Twelve different bacteria, including species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Thermoactinomyces, and Thermomonospora were tested for biofilm-forming capabilities. Solid supports that were evaluated in either batch or continuous fermentations were pea gravels, 3M-macrolite ceramic spheres, and polypropylene mixed with 25% of various agricultural materials (e.g. corn starch, oat hulls) and extruded to form chips (pp-composite). Biofilm formation was evaluated by the extent of clumping of solid supports, weight gain and (in some instances) Gram stains of the supports after drying overnight at 70° C. The supports consistently producing the best biofilm were pp-composite chips followed by 3M-Macrolite spheres then by pea gravels. The best biofilm formation was observed with P. fragi (ATCC 4973), S. viridosporus T7A (ATCC 39115), and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (NRRL B-5790), grown optimally at 25, 37, and 45° C, respectively, on various pp-composite chips. Lactic acid bacteria used in the fermentations were Lactobacillus amylophilus (NRRL B-4437), L. casei (ATCC 11443), and L. delbrueckii mutant DP3; these grow optimally at 25, 37 and 45° C, respectively. Lactic acid and biofilm bacteria with compatible temperature optima were inoculated into 50-ml reactors (void volume 25 ml) containing sterile pp-composite supports. Lactic acid production and glucose consumption were determined by HPLC at various flow rates from 0.06 to 1.92 ml/min. Generally, mixed-culture biofilm reactors produced higher levels of lactic acid than lactic acid bacteria alone. S. viridosporus T7A and L. casei on pp-composite chips were the best combination of those tested, and produced 13.0 g/l lactic acid in the reactors without pH control. L. casei produced 10.3 g/l lactic acid under similar conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167135
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allometric shape change and heterochrony in the freeliving coral Trachyphyllia bilobata (Duncan) (1988)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 7 (1988), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Regression analysis has been used to study the relationship between age, size, shape, and surface area in two ancestral-descendant populations of the Neogene Caribbean coral Trachyphyllia bilobata. Analyses of the relationship between size and age show that the relationship is isometric and that little difference occurs between populations in mean corallite length or height and in their rates of growth. Onset of columella growth is significantly earlier, however, in the descendant population. Studies of the relationship between size and shape show that growth is allometric, with shape change occurring in both corallum elongation and pinching of the corallite wall during ontogeny. In the descendant population, pinching and elongation initiate earlier in the ontogeny of the coral. These results suggest that the evolutionary development of the meandroid form in freeliving corals has been accomplished by heterochrony, involving a complex set of disassociated peramorphic changes in ontogeny accompanied by paedomorphic changes in astogeny. Further analyses show that the observed heterochronic changes serve to decrease corallum surface area which may in turn enhance sediment removal and nutrition in unstable habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301980
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the Wink Sink in west Texas, U.S.A., due to salt dissolution and collapse (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 14 (1989), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Wink Sink, in Winkler County, Texas, is a collapse feature that formed in June 1980 when an underground dissolution cavity migrated upward by successive roof failures until it breached the land surface. The original cavity developed in the Permian Salado Formation salt beds more than 400 m (1,300 ft) below ground level. Natural dissolution of salt occurred in the vicinity of the Wink Sink in several episodes that began as early as Salado time and recurred in later Permian, Triassic, and Cenozoic times. Although natural dissolution occurred in the past below the Wink Sink, it appears likely that the dissolution cavity and resultant collapse described in this report were influenced by petroleum-production activity in the immediate area. Drilling, completion, and plugging procedures used on an abandoned oil well at the site of the sink appear to have created a conduit that enabled water to circulate down the borehole and dissolve the salt. When the dissolution cavity became large enough, the roof failed and the overlying rocks collapsed into the cavity. Similar collapse features exist where underground salt beds have been intentionally dissolved during solution mining or accidentally dissolved as a result of petroleum-production activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A. (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 17 (1991), S. 3-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be evaluated in the screening process. One map (and report) shows the outcrop distribution of 35 thick shale or clay units that are generally suitable for use as host rocks for surface disposal of wastes. A second map shows the distribution of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers, and a third map shows the distribution and hydrologic character of bedrock aquifers and their recharge areas. These latter two maps show the areas in the state where special attention must be exercised in permitting storage or disposal of waste materials that could degrade the quality of groundwater. State regulatory agencies and industry are using these maps and reports in preliminary screening of the state to identify potential disposal sites. These maps in no way replace the need for site-specific investigations to prove (or disprove) the adequacy of a site to safely contain waste materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and release of sucrose by the aleurone layer of barley: Regulation by gibberellic acid (1973)
    Springer
    Planta 113 (1973), S. 35-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Aleurone layers of barley contain large amounts of a soluble oligosaccharide which was identified as sucrose (30–40 μg/mg fresh weight). Treatment of the layers with gibberellic acid (GA3) causes the release of sucrose from the cells. This release requires the participation of metabolic processes, including protein synthesis. When embryoless half-seeds are incubated sucrose accumulates in the aleurone layers, but when seeds are germinated the sucrose content of the aleurone layers declines. Labeling experiments with radioactive glucose and fructose show that aleurone layers continuously synthesize sucrose and that the release, but not the synthesis of sucrose is enhanced by GA3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385187
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtox assay to determine the toxicity of degradation products from degradable plastics (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyethylene ; toxicity ; degradable plastics ; degradation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Six types of starch-polyethylene degradable plastics were evaluated for the release of water-soluble toxic compounds under accelerated degradation conditions. A plastic strip (2.5×15.2 cm) was placed in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask with 100 ml of ASTM type I water with or without trace element solutions and shaken at 65°C and 110 rpm for 20 weeks in replicates of two. High temperature was used to accelerate the oxidative degradation of polyethylene. Plastic degradation was measured by loss of tensile strength, percentage elongation, strain energy, and weight-average molecular weight. The most rapid period of polyethylene thermal degradation was complete for most materials by day 28. Ten-milliliter aqueous samples were removed from each flask at days 1, 7, 28, 56, 84, and 140 (water volumes were maintained at 100 ml with fresh type I water), filtered through glass filters, then evaluated by using the Microtox Toxicity Analyzer (Microbics Corporation, Carlsbad, CA). No water-soluble toxic compounds were detected during the period of rapid film degradation. Toxicity was observed at day 28 for one film and at day 84 for all films, which could possibly correlate with the release of small oxidative compounds such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Because of the sensitivity of this assay, positive results must be confirmed by otherin vitro studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pure-culture and enzymatic assay for starch-polyethylene degradable plastic biodegradation withStreptomyces species (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; chemical degradation ; Streptomyces ; starch-polyethylene ; degradable plastics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Eleven starch-polyethylene degradable plastic films were prepared from masterbatches from Archer Daniels Midland Inc. (ADM), EcoStar Inc. (SLS), and Fully Compounded Plastic Inc. The biodegradability of initial and 70°C heat-treated materials was determined using a pure-culture assay withStreptomyces badius 252,S. setonii 75Vi2, orS. viridosporus T7A or without bacterial culture (control). Films were treated with 10-foldS. setonii culture concentrates and compared with inactive enzyme controls. Changes in each films mechanical property, molecular weight distribution, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum (FT-IR) were determined, and results were evaluated for significant differences by analysis of variance. Cell mass accumulation on each film was quite pronounced. In pure-culture studies, biodegradation was demonstrated for ADM-7 and SLS-2 initial films and for ADM-6 heat-treated films, whereas after 3-week treatment with activeS. setonii culture concentrates (enzyme assay), reductions in mechanical properties and changes in FT-IR spectrum were illustrated by all the films except SLS-2. Thus the absence of biofilm formation on the film surface permitted enzymatic attack of the materials. Furthermore, inhibition of chemical oxidative degradation in the pure-culture assay was demonstrated for ADM-11, SLS-5, and SLS-10 initial materials and for ADM-4, ADM-7, SLS-8, and SLS-10 heat-treated films. These data suggest that biological and chemical degradation were directly affected by the reduction in oxygen tension on the plastic film surface due to cell mass accumulation. This same phenomenon could be the cause for slow degradation rates in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458029
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