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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential vorticity and volume transport in the eastern North Atlantic from two long CTD sections (1984)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 37 (1984), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei lange Nord-Süd orientierte CTD-Schnitte, die von dem FS “Meteor” im subtropischen Ostatlantik gewonnen wurden, werden benutzt, um die potentielle Vorticity und den Volumentransport zu berechnen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit der potentiellen Vorticity des westlichen Nordatlantiks und mit dem Transportfeld aus mittleren Profilen des Ostatlantiks verglichen. Die Verteilung der potentiellen Vorticity steht in guter Übereinstimmung mit Datensätzen aus dem westlichen und östlichen Nordatlantik verschiedener Jahre und zeigt deutlich den Einfluß des subtropischen Wirbels. Der Volumentransport aus den CTD-Schnitten ist vergleichbar mit den mittleren Transporten im Bereich des subtropischen Wirbels und weist Abweichungen nördlich und südlich des Wirbels auf. Die starken Strömungen des Wirbels erreichen Geschwindigkeiten von 7 cm s−1 an der Oberfläche, und Geschwindigkeiten von mehr als 1 cm s−1 reichen bis in 940 m Tiefe.
    Abstract: Résumé Deux longs profils Nord-Sud de mesures CTD effectués par le navire RV «Meteor» au cours de la campagne 60 dans la partie subtropicale de l'Océan Atlantique Oriental Nord ont permis le calcul de la vorticité potentielle et du transport de masse. Notre répartition de la vorticité potentielle est en conformité avec l'ensemble des résultats de plusieurs années de mesures dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord Occidental et Oriental et montre clairement l'influence du tourbillon subtropical. Le transport de masse évalué à partir des profils CTD correspond bien au transport moyen dans le tourbillon subtropical et montre les écarts au Nord et au Sud du tourbillon. La vitesse du courant tourbillonnaire va de 7 cm s−1 en surface à moins de 1 cm s−1 au-delà de 940 m d'immersion.
    Notes: Summary Two long north-south oriented CTD sections taken on RV “Meteor” cruise 60 in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic are used to compute potential vorticity and volume transport. Our distribution of potential vorticity is in good agreement with data sets from different years in the western and eastern North Atlantic and shows the influence of the subtropical gyre distinctly. The volume transport of the CTD sections corresponds well with mean transport in the subtropical gyre and shows deviations north and south of the gyre. The gyre current velocities range from 7 cm s−1 at the surface to less than 1 cm s−1 below 940 m depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226831
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Seasonal variability of meridional temperature fluxes in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (1988)
    Sears Foundation of Marine Research
    In:  Journal of Marine Research, 46 (2). pp. 281-299.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-28
    Description: Seasonal meridional ocean temperature fluxes were computed in a regional study of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean east of 30°30′W between 12°30′N and 39°30′N for the upper 1500 m of the ocean. Historical oceanographic and meteorological measurements are the data base for the direct method of computing temperature fluxes. Seasonal changes in temperature fluxes caused by the seasonality of Ekman transport and geostrophic transport are strongly dependent on latitude. Between 19N and 25N the meridional temperature flux shows low seasonality. In this area the permanent subtropical gyre and the stable trade-winds result in low seasonal changes. North of 25N the Ekman transport shows large seasonal variations. The latitude of the transition of southward Ekman temperature flux to northward Ekman temperature flux is located at 28N in winter. In summer it is found at 38N. The seasonal variability of the meridional temperature fluxes in the subtropics north of 25N is influenced by this annual cycle in Ekman transport, as well as by the southward displacement in summer and the northward movement of the Azores Current in winter. The tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean shows seasonal changes both in the geostrophic and Ekman transports. South of 17N the total temperature flux is always to the north. The largest meridional temperature fluxes, with more than 0.7 PW, are found in fall at 12°30′N directed northward, and in winter at 33°30′N to the south. In general the subtropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean transports heat to the south all the year round, while in the tropics heat is transported to the north. The seasonality in the eastern Atlantic Ocean is found to be different from seasonal variations in global investigations. The seasonal heat budget computations show a heat gain in the ocean in the area investigated from April to September and a heat loss from October to March. Over the whole year the eastern North Atlantic gains about 0.09 PW from the atmosphere.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1357/002224088785113577
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Geostrophic transport of the South Equatorial Current in the Atlantic (1991)
    Sears Foundation of Marine Research
    In:  Journal of Marine Research, 49 (2). pp. 281-294.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-28
    Description: Geostrophic transport calculations from historical data of the equatorial South Atlantic are presented for the investigation of the flow field in the South Equatorial Current region. On the basis of water mass distribution, the potential density surface of sigma-1 = 32.15 kg m-3 is used as a reference for geostrophic shears. This reference surface is located at a depth of 1000 to 1200 m and represents the boundary between the upper branch of the Circumpolar Deep Water and the Upper North Atlantic Deep Water. The southern band of the South Equatorial Current (SSEC) is fed by the Benguela Current, which crosses the Greenwich Meridian south of 20S. West of the Greenwich Meridian the subtropical gyre has its northermost current band as the westward flowing SSEC. The SSEC was found to be a broad sluggish flow between 10S and 25S. The transport of the SSEC in the upper 500 m is in the order of 20 Sv, with surface velocities of around 10 cm s-1. At 30W the SSEC turns northward. A small part of the water turns poleward south of 10S to form the Brazil Current, whereas the bulk of the flow contributes to the North Brazil Current and the South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC). The SECC seems to cross the entire South Atlantic eastward to at least the Greenwich Meridian, but part of the flow might contribute to the middle branch of the South Equatorial Current flowing westward. The northernmost current band sampled is the eastward flowing South Equatorial Undercurrent. From this data no seasonality in the geostrophic field can be proven.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1357/002224091784995864
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    The Deep Water Regime in the Equatorial Atlantic (1996)
    Springer
    In:  In: The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. , ed. by Wefer, G., Berger, W. H., Siedler, G. and Webb, D. J. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 261-271. ISBN 3-540-62079-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-02
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    The flow field off southwest India at 8°N during the southwest monsoon of August 1993 (1996)
    Sears Foundation of Marine Research
    In:  Journal of Marine Research, 54 (1). pp. 55-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-28
    Description: The flow field off the southwest coast of India at 8N was investigated during RV Sonne cruise 89 in August 1993 by direct velocity observations from shipboard- and lowered-ADCP and geostrophic computations from CTD stations. The upper ocean between 75E and 76°52′E near the South Indian shelf was governed by a northward flow with a subsurface velocity maximum of 25 cm s−1 at about 100 m depth. This flow, organized as a poleward undercurrent hugging the continental slope, is typical for the southwest monsoon season. The northward transport in August 1993 was 4.7 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 106 m3 s−1) for the upper 300 m from the shipboard ADCP. Earlier geostrophic observations showed southward surface flow above the poleward undercurrent, but in August 1993 the northward flow reached to the surface and in the geostrophy calculations, i.e. without the southward Ekman flow near the surface, there was even no clear subsurface core. The T-S characteristics show that Bay of Bengal Water (BBW) was carried with this flow, and low wind conditions seemed to be connected to the flow of BBW from the southern tip of Sri Lanka toward the southwest coast of India. Further offshore, two meridional current bands were identified in the upper 300 m of the ocean. West of the coastal undercurrent a band of southward flow existed with velocities up to 35 cm s−1 above and to the east of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, from 72°10′E to 75E. The associated geostrophic transport in the upper 500 m was 5.2 Sv. As the T-S relation was different from that of the northward flow, this current band was not a local recirculation of the poleward undercurrent. Further west, the flow was weak, but intensified toward the central Arabian Sea, between 66E and 69°20′E, where another southward current band was found with velocities of up to 20 cm s−1 and a total geostrophic transport for the upper 300 m of −7.2 Sv.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1357/0022240963213448
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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