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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of Geographic Atrophy
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2009
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2009-01), p. 96-101
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2009-01), p. 96-101
    Abstract: 〈 div class="ftSection" 〉 〈 span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle" 〉 Background and Objective: 〈 /span 〉 〈 p 〉 To compare images of geographic atrophy (GA) obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with images obtained using fundus autofluorescence (FAF). 〈 /p 〉 〈 /div 〉 〈 div class="ftSection" 〉 〈 span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle" 〉 Patients and Methods: 〈 /span 〉 〈 p 〉 Five eyes from patients with dry AMD were imaged using SD-OCT and FAF, and the size and shape of the GA were compared. 〈 /p 〉 〈 /div 〉 〈 div class="ftSection" 〉 〈 span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle" 〉 Results: 〈 /span 〉 〈 p 〉 GA appears bright on SD-OCT compared with the surrounding areas with an intact retinal pigment epithelium because of increased reflectivity from the underlying choroid. SD-OCT and FAF both identified GA reproducibly, and measurement of the area of GA is comparable between the two methods with a mean difference of 2.7% of the total area. 〈 /p 〉 〈 /div 〉 〈 div class="ftSection" 〉 〈 span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle" 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /span 〉 〈 p 〉 SD-OCT can identify and quantitate areas of GA. The size and shape of these areas correlate well to the areas of GA seen on autofluorescence images; however, SD-OCT imaging also provides important cross-sectional anatomic information. 〈 /p 〉 〈 /div 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20090301-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Automated Detection of the Foveal Center Improves SD-OCT Measurements of Central Retinal Thickness
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2012
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2012-11)
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2012-11)
    Abstract: To investigate the performance of an automated foveal center detection algorithm on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty normal eyes and 50 eyes with early stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were analyzed. The actual scan center (SC), automatically detected foveal center (AF), and manually identified foveal center (MF) were compared. RESULTS: The mean of the radial distances was 89 ± 120 μm from MF to SC and 54 ± 41 μm from MF to AF for normal eyes and 179 ± 125 μm from SC to MF and 104 ± 62 μm from AF to MF for eyes with AMD. The differences were statistically significant ( P 〈 .001). CONCLUSION: The automated algorithm designed to detect the foveal center was more accurate in detecting the foveal center than relying on the fixation target of the SD-OCT instrument.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20121001-06
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Outcomes of Vitreoretinal Surgery in Patients With X-Linked Retinoschisis
    SLACK, Inc. ; 1998
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 1998-03), p. 190-197
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 1998-03), p. 190-197
    Abstract: * BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in the treatment of vision-threatening posterior segment complications of X-linked retinoschisis. * PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 16 eyes from 11 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. All the patients had a documented positive family history of X-linked retinoschisis, and all patients had bilateral macular disease. * RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 14 months to 37 years (mean age 15.1 years; median age 11.5 years), and postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 months to 10 years (mean 2.8 years; median 1 year). The indications for surgical intervention included rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (12 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (2 eyes), progression of the schisis cavity through the fovea (2 eyes), cataract associated with a persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous-like condition (2 eyes), and exudative maculopathy (1 eye). The primary surgical intervention included pars plana vitrectomy alone (7 eyes), pars plana vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy (4 eyes), and a scleral buckle procedure alone (5 eyes). Surgical success (defined as reattachment of the retina, removal of media opacities, or arrest of schisis progression) was achieved in 14 of 16 eyes, after an average of 1 .2 procedures per eye. The major reason for reoperations was recurrent retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Two eyes were eventually enucleated due to pain associated with neovascuiar glaucoma resulting from recurrent retinal detachment. Of the remaining 14 eyes, visual acuity improved in 8 eyes and remained unchanged in 6 eyes. * CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery is often helpful in stabilizing or improving visual function in patients with posterior segment complications from X-linked retinoschisis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:190-197.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/1542-8877-19980301-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying the Boundaries of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments Using Two Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Instruments
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2013
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 10-16
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 10-16
    Abstract: To compare two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments in identifying the boundaries of retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 27 eyes were scanned with Cirrus and Spectralis SD-OCT instruments during a single visit. Two Cirrus scan patterns were used: the 512 × 128 and 200 × 200 covering a 6 × 6 mm (20° × 20°) area. The Spectralis scan pattern consisted of seven B-scans, averaged 51 times, covering a 30° × 5° area. The main outcome measures were the retinal thickness at the foveal center and the number of segmentation failures on the central B-scan. RESULTS: The Spectralis algorithm failed to follow the proper retinal contour in 25 eyes (92.6%), while the segmentation on the Cirrus instrument was successful in every central B-scan. Spectralis yielded greater retinal thickness measurements in all cases, and the average difference between Cirrus and Spectralis was 139 μm ( P 〈 .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the two Cirrus scan patterns was 0.998, and Cirrus versus Spectralis was 0.21. CONCLUSIONS: The Cirrus SD-OCT instrument identifies the appropriate segmentation boundaries in the presence PED. The Spectralis SD-OCT algorithm was unreliable in segmenting PEDs, leading to inaccurate retinal thickness measurements unless manual adjustments were performed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20121221-06
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Calibration of Fundus Images Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2008
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2008-01)
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2008-01)
    Abstract: 〈 h4 〉 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 〈 /h4 〉 〈 p 〉 Measurements performed on fundus images using current software are not accurate. Accurate measurements can be obtained only by calibrating a fundus camera using measurements between fixed retinal landmarks, such as the dimensions of the optic nerve, or by relying on a calibrated model eye provided by a reading center. However, calibrated spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) could offer a convenient alternative method for the calibration of any fundus image. 〈 /p 〉 〈 h4 〉 PATIENTS AND METHODS 〈 /h4 〉 〈 p 〉 The ability to measure exact distances on SD-OCT fundus images was tested by measuring the distance between the center of the fovea and the optic nerve. Calibrated SD-OCT scans measuring 6 & times; 6 & times; 2 mm centered on the fovea and the optic nerve were analyzed in 50 healthy right eyes. The foveal center was identified using cross-sectional SD-OCT images, and the center of the optic nerve was identified manually. The SD-OCT scans were registered to each other, and the distances between the center of the optic nerve and fovea were calculated. The overlay of these SD-OCT fundus images on photographic fundus images was performed. 〈 /p 〉 〈 h4 〉 RESULTS 〈 /h4 〉 〈 p 〉 Any image of the fundus could be calibrated by overlaying the SD-OCT fundus image, and the measurements were consistent with previously defined calibration methods. The mean distance between the center of the fovea and the center of the optic nerve was 4.32 & plusmn; 0.32 mm. The line from the center of the optic nerve to the foveal center had a mean declination of 7.67 & plusmn; 3.88 & deg;. Mean horizontal displacement and vertical displacement were 4.27 & plusmn; 0.29 mm and 0.58 & plusmn; 0.29 mm, respectively. 〈 /p 〉 〈 h4 〉 CONCLUSIONS 〈 /h4 〉 〈 p 〉 The overlay of the SD-OCT fundus image provides a convenient method for calibrating any image of the fundus. This approach should provide a uniform standard when comparing images from different devices and from different reading centers. 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 [ 〈 cite 〉 Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 〈 /cite 〉 2008;39:S15-S20.] 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20080715-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Geographic Atrophy Measurements from the OCT Fundus Image and the Sub-RPE Slab Image
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2013
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2013-03), p. 127-132
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2013-03), p. 127-132
    Abstract: To compare two different approaches to measuring areas of geographic atrophy (GA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: Fifty eyes with GA were imaged with an SD-OCT instrument. OCT fundus images and sub– retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) slab images were generated. Three graders manually drew the GA boundaries on both en face images. An automated algorithm was used to segment the GA boundaries from the sub-RPE slabs. RESULTS: The agreement between the three manual measurements on both OCT fundus images (ICC = .998) and sub-RPE slabs (ICC = .999) was excellent. Area measurements from OCT fundus images and sub-RPE slabs were highly correlated. The agreement between manual and automated measurements on the sub-RPE slabs was very good (ICC = .795). CONCLUSION: Both OCT fundus images and sub-RPE slab images proved useful for measuring GA in age-related macular degeneration. The automated algorithm typically provided useful measurements of GA area from the sub-RPE slabs. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2013;44:127–132]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20130313-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response to Aflibercept After Frequent Re-treatment With Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab in Eyes With Neovascular AMD
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2014
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 526-533
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 526-533
    Abstract: To evaluate the effects of switching to aflibercept in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) requiring frequent re-treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 73 eyes of 65 patients with neovascular AMD switched to aflibercept due to persistent or recurrent macular fluid after at least 1 year of intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab with re-treatment at least every 6 weeks. Minimum post-switch follow-up was 6 months. All patients were treated using a treat-and-extend strategy. The treatment intervals immediately after and before the switch were the same. RESULTS: The mean pre-switch anti-VEGF therapy duration was 45 months, and the mean number of injections was 31. In the 6 months after the switch, the average number of injections was reduced by 0.6 compared with the 6 months before the switch ( P 〈 .001). Visual acuity was unchanged during this period ( P = .78). Central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased by 19 µm after the switch ( P 〈 .001). Seventy eyes had vascularized retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs). The decrease in the PED cube-root volume during the 6 months after the switch was statistically significant (−0.07 mm; P = .007). CONCLUSION: The number of injections, CRT, and PED volume decreased significantly after the switch to aflibercept, but visual acuity was unchanged. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2014;45:526–533.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20141118-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Geographic Atrophy Growth Rates Using Different Imaging Modalities in the COMPLETE Study
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2015
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 413-422
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 413-422
    Abstract: To compare the measurements and growth rates of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) obtained using different imaging modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with AMD and GA measuring from 1.25 mm 2 to 18 mm 2 based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) fundus imaging were enrolled. Imaging was performed at baseline and at follow-up months 3, 6, 9, and 12, including autofluorescence (AF) imaging with a fundus camera-based flash system (TRC-50DX; Topcon Medical Systems, Oakland, NJ; AF excitation λ: 535–585 nm; detection λ: 605–715 nm), AF and fluorescein angiography (FA) imaging with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany; AF excitation λ: 488 nm; detection λ: 〉 500 nm), and SD-OCT en face imaging (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). RESULTS: Average baseline square root measurements and enlargement rates of square root areas appeared similar across all modalities; 0.2 mm was the largest difference between any pair of measurement means. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were essentially equal to 1 for all comparisons of area measurements but were lower for growth rates than area measurements. Comparison of 26-week average enlargement rates showed no significant difference between the SLO AF image and enhanced SD-OCT en face image (mean difference: 0.01 mm; SD: 0.10; P = .70). CONCLUSION: Agreement among all imaging modalities in measuring the areas of GA at baseline diminished when the growth rates of GA were compared over 26 weeks, likely because each imaging technique identifies different anatomic features along the border of GA, which may appear similar but change at different rates. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2015;46:413–422.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20150422-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
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    Detection of Choriocapillaris Loss in Alport Syndrome With Swept-Source OCT Angiography
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2018
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 138-141
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 138-141
    Abstract: A patient previously diagnosed with Alport Syndrome was evaluated using multimodal imaging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated significant thinning of the inner retina within the macula, and inner retinal cysts were found in the peripheral macula. OCT angiography demonstrated loss of the choriocapillaris. Abnormal collagen appears to have multiple deleterious effects on the retinal and choroidal structure and vasculature. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2018;49:138–141.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20180129-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Optical Coherence Tomography Findings After an Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin®) for Macular Edema From Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
    SLACK, Inc. ; 2005
    In:  Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2005-07), p. 336-339
    Details
    In: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, SLACK, Inc., Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2005-07), p. 336-339
    Abstract: Abstract. To determine whether bevacizumab could improve visual acuity and optical coherence tomography outcomes in a patient with macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion, an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.0 mg) was given. Prior intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in vision improvement but worsening cataract and borderline glaucoma. Wthin 1 week of the bevacizumab injection, visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/50 and optical coherence tomography revealed resolution of the cystic maculopathy. The improvements were maintained for at least 4 weeks. Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab may provide another treatment option for patients with macular edema from vein occlusions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:336-339.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-8160 , 2325-8179
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3928/1542-8877-20050701-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2005
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