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  • 1
    In: Toxicologic Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 43, No. 7 ( 2015-10), p. 995-1003
    Abstract: Three orally administered metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) negative allosteric modulators caused skin lesions consistent with delayed type-IV hypersensitivity in cynomolgus macaques in 2- and 12-week toxicity studies. Several monkeys developed macroscopic skin lesions in multiple locations after 8 to 9 days of dosing; the most prominent effects involved the genital region of males and generalized erythema occurred in both sexes. Microscopic lesions occurred in both clinically affected and unaffected areas and were characterized by lymphocytic interface inflammation, subepidermal bullae, and individual keratinocyte vacuolation/necrosis. In the 12-week study, clinical effects in 2 animals resolved with continued dosing, whereas in others the inflammatory process progressed with 1 female exhibiting systemic lymphocytic inflammation in multiple tissues. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of CD3 and CD4 positive T lymphocytes with minimal CD68 positive macrophages and only rare CD8 positive T lymphocytes. A subset of animals given a dosing holiday was subsequently rechallenged with similar lesions developing but with a more rapid clinical onset. These skin lesions were consistent with type-IV delayed hypersensitivity with some features comparable to bullous drug eruptions in humans. A relationship between these findings and the intended mode of action for these compounds could not be ruled out, given the occurrence across different chemotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-6233 , 1533-1601
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056753-4
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  • 2
    In: Hospital Pharmacy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2017-02), p. 117-123
    Abstract: To evaluate current residents' level of preparation by US colleges of pharmacy for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency training from the perspective of residency program directors (RPDs). Methods RPDs were asked in an electronic survey questionnaire to rate PGY1 pharmacy residents' abilities in 4 domains: communication, clinical knowledge, interpersonal/time-management skills, and professionalism/leadership. Results One hundred ninety-seven RPDs of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)–accredited PGY1 programs completed the survey. The majority of RPDs strongly agreed or agreed that residents were prepared as students to effectively communicate both verbally and nonverbally, were able to appropriately respond to drug inquiries using drug resources and literature searches, and consistently displayed professionalism. Respondents were more likely to disagree or give a neutral response when asked about residents' understanding of biostatistics and their ability to provide enteral and parenteral nutritional support for patients. Conclusion Overall, RPDs agreed that residents were prepared to perform the majority of the tasks of each of the 4 domains assessed in this survey relating to PGY1 training. RPDs may use the results of this survey to provide additional support for their residents in the areas in which residents lack adequate preparation, while colleges of pharmacy may focus on incorporating more time in their curriculum for certain areas to better prepare their students for residency training.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5787 , 1945-1253
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069227-4
    SSG: 15,3
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