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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Predictive geographic multicast routing protocol in flying ad hoc networks
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 155014771984387-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 155014771984387-
    Abstract: In the past decades, the unmanned aerial systems have been utilized only for military operations. However, recently, the potential uses and applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles (commonly known as drones) in civilian application domains are becoming a fast-growing phenomenon. A flying ad hoc network is a wireless ad hoc network specifically designed for the communication of unmanned aerial vehicles. Multicast routing is one of the vital aspects in wireless ad hoc networks. Using multicast transmission approaches, flying ad hoc network applications may need to send the same message to a specific group of flying nodes. The multicast communication approaches can benefit flying ad hoc network applications in conserving the scarce resources of flying nodes. Research works have been proposed to tackle the challenges in multicast routing with multi-hop communication in ad hoc network environments. Nevertheless, the conventional multicast routing mechanisms incur excessive control message overhead when a large number of nodes experience frequent topological changes. A scalable geographic multicast routing mechanism, which specially require localized operation and reduced control packet overhead, is necessary. Multicast routing in flying ad hoc networks is extremely challenging because of the dynamic topology changes and network disconnection resulted from frequent mobility of nodes. In this article, we present and implement a scalable and predictive geographic multicast routing mechanism in flying ad hoc networks. In uniform and random deployment scenarios, the MATLAB-based evaluation result has revealed that when the communication range increases, the probability of finding one-hop predicted forwarders to reach multicast destinations also increases. The implementation of scalable and predictive geographic multicast routing mechanism in flying ad hoc network is done using Optimizing Network Engineering Tools Modeler 16.0. We have added the scalable and predictive geographic multicast routing mechanism in flying ad hoc network as a new routing scheme in the Mobile Ad hoc Network routing protocol groups of the Optimizing Network Engineering Tools Modeler. Then, the performance of scalable and predictive geographic multicast routing mechanism in flying ad hoc network is compared with two of the existing Mobile Ad hoc Network routing protocols (Geographic Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing). Eventually, we present two instance scenarios regarding the integration of scalable and predictive geographic multicast routing mechanism in flying ad hoc network scheme in the Internet of Things platform.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1550-1477 , 1550-1477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1550147719843879
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192922-1
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  • 2
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    Comparison of MOG and AQP4 antibody seroprevalence in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating CNS diseases
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2021-05), p. 964-967
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2021-05), p. 964-967
    Abstract: We aimed to compare seroprevalence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) of the central nervous system (CNS), based on a multicenter nationwide database. Sera were analyzed using a live cell–based assay for MOG and AQP4 antibodies. Of 586 Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS, 36 (6.1%) and 185 (31.6%) tested positive for MOG and AQP4 antibodies, respectively. No participant showed double positivity. Seroprevalence of MOG antibodies was about five times lower than that of AQP4 antibodies in a large cohort of Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458520948213
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 3
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    Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2023-10), p. 1015-1020
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2023-10), p. 1015-1020
    Abstract: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated. Aims: To determine whether the 1-year risk of recurrent vascular events could be reduced by a longer duration of DAPT in patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Methods and study design: A total of 4806 participants will be recruited to detect a statistically significant relative risk reduction of 22% with 80% power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, including a 10% loss to follow-up. This is a registry-based, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-month duration of DAPT compared with a 3-month duration of DAPT in the LAA stroke subtype. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either DAPT for 12 months or DAPT for 3 months, followed by monotherapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) for the remaining 9 months. Study outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome of the study is a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality for 1 year after the index stroke. The secondary efficacy outcomes are (1) stroke, (2) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, (3) hemorrhagic stroke, and (4) all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding. Discussion: This study will help stroke physicians determine the appropriate duration of dual therapy with clopidogrel-aspirin for patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Trial registration: URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris . CRIS Registration Number: KCT0004407
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17474930231168742
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 4
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    Optimal use of antithrombotic agents in ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation and large artery atherosclerosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2023-08), p. 812-820
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2023-08), p. 812-820
    Abstract: Optimal antithrombotic regimens to prevent recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerotic large-vessel stenosis remain unknown. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multiple antithrombotic therapies on outcomes at 1 year after ischemic stroke due to two or more causes. Methods: We identified 862 patients with ischemic stroke due to AF and large artery atherosclerosis from the linked data. These patients were categorized into three groups according to antithrombotic therapies at discharge: (1) antiplatelets, (2) oral anticoagulants (OAC), and (3) antiplatelets plus OAC. The study outcomes were recurrent ischemic stroke, composite outcomes for cardiovascular events, and major bleeding after 1 year. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance the three groups using propensity scores. Results: Among 862 patients, 169 (19.6%) were treated with antiplatelets, 405 (47.0%) were treated with OAC, and 288 (33.4%) were treated with antiplatelets and OAC. After applying IPTW, only OAC had a significant beneficial effect on the 1-year composite outcome (hazard ratio (HR): 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23–0.60, p  〈  0.001) and death (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: (0.19–0.63), p  〈  0.001). The combination of antiplatelet agents and OAC group had an increased risk of major bleeding complications (HR: 5.27, 95% CI: (1.31–21.16), p = 0.019). However, there was no significant difference in 1-year recurrent stroke events among the three groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that OAC monotherapy was associated with lower risks of composite outcome and death in patients at 1 year after ischemic stroke due to AF and atherosclerotic stenosis. In addition, the combination of an antiplatelet and OAC had a high risk of major bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17474930231158211
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 5
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    Cilostazol versus aspirin in ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds versus prior intracerebral hemorrhage
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2021-12), p. 1019-1030
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2021-12), p. 1019-1030
    Abstract: In PreventIon of CArdiovascular Events in Ischaemic Stroke Patients with High Risk of Cerebral HaemOrrhage (PICASSO), cilostazol versus aspirin was comparable for the end points of cerebral hemorrhage and major vascular events. However, underlying hemorrhage-prone lesions could modify the treatment effect. Aims We explored whether the safety and efficacy of cilostazol versus aspirin would differ between hemorrhage-prone lesions (multiple cerebral microbleeds vs. prior intracerebral hemorrhage). Methods In this post hoc analysis of PICASSO, we divided patients into the cerebral microbleeds and prior intracerebral hemorrhage subgroups. The primary safety end point was the first occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. Results Of 1512 patients, 903 (59.7%) had multiple cerebral microbleeds and 609 (40.3%) had prior intracerebral hemorrhage. The cerebral hemorrhage risk was lower with cilostazol versus aspirin (0.12%/year vs. 1.49%/year; hazard ratio, 0.08 [95% confidence interval 0.01–0.60]; p = 0.015) in the cerebral microbleeds subgroup, but was not different (1.26%/year vs. 0.79%/year; hazards ratio 1.60 [0.52–4.90] ; p = 0.408) in the prior intracerebral hemorrhage subgroup. The interaction of treatment-by-subgroup was significant ( p interaction  = 0.011). For the composite of major vascular events, there was a trend toward a lower risk with cilostazol versus aspirin (3.56%/year vs. 5.53%/year; hazards ratio 0.64 [0.41–1.01]; p = 0.056) in the cerebral microbleeds subgroup, but was comparable (5.21%/year vs. 5.05%/year; hazards ratio 1.03 [0.63–1.67] ; p = 0.913) in the prior intracerebral hemorrhage subgroup without a significant treatment-by-subgroup interaction ( p interaction  = 0.165). Conclusions Cilostazol versus aspirin might be a better option in ischemic stroke with multiple cerebral microbleeds, but confirmatory trials are needed. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . NCT01013532.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1747493020941273
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    Caveolin-1, Ring finger protein 213 , and endothelial function in Moyamoya disease
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2016-12), p. 999-1008
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2016-12), p. 999-1008
    Abstract: Moyamoya disease is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease of unknown etiology. Ring finger protein 213 ( RNF213) was identified as a susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease in East Asian countries. However, the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease remains unclear. Methods We prospectively analyzed clinical data for 139 patients with Moyamoya disease (108 bilateral Moyamoya disease, 31 unilateral Moyamoya disease), 61 patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke, and 68 healthy subjects. We compared the genetic ( RNF213 variant) and protein biomarkers for caveolae (caveolin-1), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptor (VEGFR2), and antagonizing cytokine (endostatin)) and endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitric oxide and its metabolites (nitrite and nitrate)) between patients with Moyamoya disease and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke. We then performed path analysis to evaluate whether a certain protein biomarker mediates the association between genes and Moyamoya disease. Results Caveolin-1 level was decreased in patients with Moyamoya disease and markedly decreased in RNF213 variant carriers. Circulating factors such as VEGF and VEGFR2 did not differ among the groups. Markers for endothelial dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke but normal in those with Moyamoya disease. Path analysis showed that the presence of the RNF213 variant was associated with caveolin-1 levels that could lead to Moyamoya disease. The level of combined marker of Moyamoya disease (caveolin-1) and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ADMA, an endothelial dysfunction marker) predicted Moyamoya disease with good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Our results suggest that Moyamoya disease is a caveolae disorder but is not related to endothelial dysfunction or dysregulation of circulating cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1747493016662039
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
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    Evolution of hepatitis B virus mutation during entecavir rescue therapy in patients with antiviral resistance to lamivudine and adefovir
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2009-10), p. 985-993
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2009-10), p. 985-993
    Abstract: The efficacy of entecavir (ETV) monotherapy in treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is debatable. Methods A total of 22 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients who had shown viral breakthrough or suboptimal response with lamivudine (3TC) and adefovir disoproxil (ADV) therapy were treated with 1.0 mg of ETV. Clinical and virological parameters were monitored every 3 months. Restriction fragment mass polymorphism assays were used to detect antiviral resistance. Results During 3TC and ADV therapy, 11 patients had rtM204V/I mutations, 2 had rtA181V/T or rtN236T, 7 had both and 2 had no 3TC- or ADV-related mutations. After switching to ETV monotherapy, the median change in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level was -2.1 log 10 copies/ml. Virological response (HBV DNA 〈 300 copies/ml) was achieved in 1 of 18 patients with pre-existing rt204 mutations, whereas it was achieved in all 4 patients without pre-existing rt204 mutations regardless of the presence of rt181 or rt236 mutations. Changes in mutational patterns during ETV therapy showed that rt204 mutations persisted or re-emerged. Relative abundances of rtM204V/I mutations in total viral populations gradually increased under ETV rescue, whereas those with rtA181V/T and rtN236T mutations decreased. ETV resistance mutations (rtL180M+rtT184I/L[rtS202G]+rtM204V) were detected in five patients with pre-existing rt204 mutations. Conclusions ETV monotherapy resulted in a limited virological response in patients who had previously failed 3TC and ADV rescue therapy. The limited efficacy might be associated with residual or reselected rtM204V/I mutations leading to ETV resistance. Combination treatment including potent antiviral agents should be recommended for patients with pre-existing rtM204V/I mutations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3851/IMP1417
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
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  • 8
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    Arthroscopic fixation of the clavicle shaft fracture : Technical tricks
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2017-01-01), p. 230949901668441-
    Details
    In: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2017-01-01), p. 230949901668441-
    Abstract: This article describes an arthroscopic technique for the fixation of clavicle shaft fractures. A viewing portal is made 2 cm anterior to the fracture site, and a working portal is made 2 cm lateral to the fracture site. The guide wire for a 4.0-mm cannulated screw is inserted through the fracture site to the medial fracture fragment under arthroscopic guidance. Through the medial fragment, the guide wire is delivered through the skin anteriorly. The fracture is reduced, and then, the guide wire is drilled back across the fracture site to the lateral fracture fragment. After confirming the reduction under arthroscopy, the appropriately sized cannulated screw is inserted after reaming. This arthroscopic technique would be useful for the precise reduction and minimal invasive fixation of clavicle shaft fractures. Preliminary results are encouraging, and further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to determine the precise indications and limitations of the procedure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-4990 , 2309-4990
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2309499016684411
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2128854-9
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  • 9
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    Histological and Mathematical Analysis of the Irreversibly Electroporated Liver Tissue
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2017-08), p. 488-496
    Details
    In: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2017-08), p. 488-496
    Abstract: Irreversible electroporation has clinically been used to treat various types of cancer. A plan on how to apply irreversible electroporation before practicing is very important to increase the ablation area and reduce the side effects. Several electrical models have been developed to predict the ablation area with applied electric energy. In this experiment, the static relationship between applied electric energy and ablated area was mathematically and experimentally investigated at 10 hours after applying irreversible electroporation. We performed the irreversible electroporation on the liver tissue of Sprague Dawley rats (male, 8 weeks, weighing 250-350 g). The ablated area was measured based on histological analysis and compared with the mathematical calculation from the electric energy, assuming that the tissue is homogeneous. The ablated area increased with the increase in applied electric energy. The numerically calculated contour lines of electric energy density overlapped well with the apoptotic area induced by the irreversible electroporation. The overlapped area clearly showed that the destructive threshold of apoptosis between electrodes is electric energy density level of 5.9 × 10 5 J/m 3 . The results of the present study suggested that the clinical results of the irreversible electroporation on a liver tissue could be predicted through mathematical calculation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1533-0346 , 1533-0338
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1533034616640642
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2146365-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220436-2
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  • 10
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    Isolation and Structure Determination of a New Lumichrome Glycoside Isolated from a Soil Streptomyces sp. KCB16C001
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Natural Product Communications Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 1934578X1801300-
    Details
    In: Natural Product Communications, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 1934578X1801300-
    Abstract: Microbial studies of soil samples collected at Ochang, Korea led to the isolation of the actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. KCB16C001. Subsequent LC/MS analysis of the culture extract for dereplication purposes enabled the identification of a new metabolite ochangoside (1), whose chemical structure was determined to be 1-( α -L-rhamnosyl)-lumichrome by scale-up purification and structure elucidation procedures based mainly on NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Determination of the stereochemistry of the sugar moiety was achieved by LC/MS analysis of the sugar derivatized with L-cysteine methyl ester and o -tolyl isothiocyanate. Our results represent a rare example of natural lumichrome glycoside with a sugar unit attached at N −1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1934-578X , 1555-9475
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1934578X1801300211
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2430442-6
    SSG: 15,3
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