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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 157-178
    Details
    In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 157-178
    Abstract: In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0221 , 1552-5422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00220221211072813
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to the Serotonin 5-HT 2A Receptor
    SAGE Publications ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 1998-07), p. 811-824
    Details
    In: Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 1998-07), p. 811-824
    Abstract: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) mediates many functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems by its interaction with specific neuronal and glial receptors. Fourteen serotonin receptors belonging to seven families have been identified through physiological, pharmacological, and molecular cloning studies. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for each of these receptor subtypes are needed to characterize their expression, distribution, and function in embryonic, adult, and pathological tissues. In this article we report the development and characterization of MAbs specific to the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor. To generate MAbs against 5-HT 2A R, mice were immunized with the N-terminal domain of the receptor. The antigens were produced as glutathionine S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in insect cells using a Baculovirus expression system. The hybridomas were initially screened by ELISA against the GST-5-HT 2A R recombinant proteins and subsequently against GST control proteins to eliminate clones with unwanted reactivity. They were further tested by Western blotting against recombinant GST-5-HT 2A R, rat and human brain lysate, and lysate from cell lines transfected with 5-HT 2A R cDNA. One of the MAbs G186-1117, which recognizes a portion of the 5-HT 2A R N-terminus, was selected for further characterization. G186-1117 reacted with a band of molecular size 55 kD corresponding to the predicted size of 5-HT 2A R in lysates from rat brain and a 5-HT 2A R-transfected cell line. Its specificity was further confirmed by adsorption of immunoreactivity with recombinant 5-HT 2A R but not with recombinant 5-HT 2B R and 5-HT 2C R. Rat brain sections and Schwann cell cultures were immunohistochemically labeled with this MAb. G186-1117 showed differential staining in various regions of the rat brain, varying from regions with no staining to regions of intense reactivity. In particular, staining of cell bodies and dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in the cortex was observed, which is in agreement with observations of electrophysiological studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1554 , 1551-5044
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002215549804600704
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 3
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    Don’t Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Psychological Science Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 326-339
    Details
    In: Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 326-339
    Abstract: In this direct replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1, participants watched a lecture while taking notes with a laptop ( n = 74) or longhand ( n = 68). After a brief distraction and without the opportunity to study, they took a quiz. As in the original study, laptop participants took notes containing more words spoken verbatim by the lecturer and more words overall than did longhand participants. However, laptop participants did not perform better than longhand participants on the quiz. Exploratory meta-analyses of eight similar studies echoed this pattern. In addition, in both the original study and our replication, higher word count was associated with better quiz performance, and higher verbatim overlap was associated with worse quiz performance, but the latter finding was not robust in our replication. Overall, results do not support the idea that longhand note taking improves immediate learning via better encoding of information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-7976 , 1467-9280
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0956797620965541
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Varnish for the Prevention of Adult Caries : A Randomized Trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Dental Research Vol. 91, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 150-155
    Details
    In: Journal of Dental Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 91, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 150-155
    Abstract: The Prevention of Adult Caries Study, an NIDCR-funded multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, enrolled 983 adults (aged 18-80 yrs) at high risk for developing caries (20 or more intact teeth and 2 or more lesions at screening) to test the efficacy of a chlorhexidine diacetate 10% weight per volume (w/v) dental coating (CHX). We excluded participants for whom the study treatment was contraindicated or whose health might affect outcomes or ability to complete the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the CHX coating (n = 490) or a placebo control (n = 493). Coatings were applied weekly for 4 weeks and a fifth time 6 months later. The primary outcome (total net D 1-2 FS increment) was the sum of weighted counts of changes in tooth surface status over 13 months. We observed no significant difference between the two treatment arms in either the intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Analysis of 3 protocol-specified secondary outcomes produced similar findings. This trial failed to find that 10% (w/v) chlorhexidine diacetate coating was superior to placebo coating for the prevention of new caries ( Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT00357877).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0345 , 1544-0591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022034511424154
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
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    Association of Surge Conditions with Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Intensive Care Medicine Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 500-509
    Details
    In: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 500-509
    Abstract: To determine whether surge conditions were associated with increased mortality. Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting U.S. ICUs participating in STOP-COVID. Patients Consecutive adults with COVID-19 admitted to participating ICUs between March 4 and July 1, 2020. Interventions None Measurements and Main Results The main outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. To assess the association between admission to an ICU during a surge period and mortality, we used two different strategies: (1) an inverse probability weighted difference-in-differences model limited to appropriately matched surge and non-surge patients and (2) a meta-regression of 50 multivariable difference-in-differences models (each based on sets of randomly matched surge- and non-surge hospitals). In the first analysis, we considered a single surge period for the cohort (March 23 – May 6). In the second, each surge hospital had its own surge period (which was compared to the same time periods in matched non-surge hospitals). Our cohort consisted of 4342 ICU patients (average age 60.8 [sd 14.8], 63.5% men) in 53 U.S. hospitals. Of these, 13 hospitals encountered surge conditions. In analysis 1, the increase in mortality seen during surge was not statistically significant (odds ratio [95% CI] : 1.30 [0.47-3.58], p = .6). In analysis 2, surge was associated with an increased odds of death (odds ratio 1.39 [95% CI, 1.34-1.43] , p  〈  .001). Conclusions Admission to an ICU with COVID-19 in a hospital that is experiencing surge conditions may be associated with an increased odds of death. Given the high incidence of COVID-19, such increases would translate into substantial excess mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-0666 , 1525-1489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/08850666211067509
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001472-7
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  • 6
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    PTEN in triple-negative breast carcinoma: protein expression and genomic alteration in pretreatment and posttreatment specimens
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology Vol. 15 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Recent advances have been made in targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in breast cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key component of that pathway. Objective: To understand the changes in PTEN expression over the course of the disease in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and whether PTEN copy number variation (CNV) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can serve as an alternative to immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify PTEN loss. Methods: We compared PTEN expression by IHC between pretreatment tumors and residual tumors in the breast and lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 96 patients enrolled in a TNBC clinical trial. A correlative analysis between PTEN protein expression and PTEN CNV by NGS was also performed. Results: With a stringent cutoff for PTEN IHC scoring, PTEN expression was discordant between pretreatment and posttreatment primary tumors in 5% of patients ( n = 96) and between posttreatment primary tumors and lymph node metastases in 9% ( n = 33). A less stringent cutoff yielded similar discordance rates. Intratumoral heterogeneity for PTEN loss was observed in 7% of the patients. Among pretreatment tumors, PTEN copy numbers by whole exome sequencing ( n = 72) were significantly higher in the PTEN-positive tumors by IHC compared with the IHC PTEN-loss tumors ( p  〈  0.0001). However, PTEN-positive and PTEN-loss tumors by IHC overlapped in copy numbers: 14 of 60 PTEN-positive samples showed decreased copy numbers in the range of those of the PTEN-loss tumors. Conclusion: Testing various specimens by IHC may generate different PTEN results in a small proportion of patients with TNBC; therefore, the decision of testing one versus multiple specimens in a clinical trial should be defined in the patient inclusion criteria. Although a distinct cutoff by which CNV differentiated PTEN-positive tumors from those with PTEN loss was not identified, higher copy number of PTEN may confer positive PTEN, whereas lower copy number of PTEN would necessitate additional testing by IHC to assess PTEN loss. Trial registration: NCT02276443.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-8359 , 1758-8359
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17588359231189422
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Association of Social Determinants of Health with Time to Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology Vol. 130, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1116-1124
    Details
    In: Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 130, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1116-1124
    Abstract: To examine whether social determinants of health (SDH) factors are associated with time to diagnosis, treatment selection, and time to recurrent surgical intervention in idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients. Methods: Adult patients with diagnosed iSGS were recruited prospectively (2015-2017) via clinical providers as part of the North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) and via an online iSGS support community on Facebook. Patient-specific SDH factors included highest educational attainment (self-reported), median household income (matched from home zip code via U.S. Census data), and number of close friends (self-reported) as a measure of social support. Main outcomes of interest were time to disease diagnosis (years from symptom onset), treatment selection (endoscopic dilation [ED] vs cricotracheal resection [CTR] vs endoscopic resection with adjuvant medical therapy [ERMT]), and time to recurrent surgical intervention (number of days from initial surgical procedure) as a surrogate for disease recurrence. Results: The total 810 participants were 98.5% female, 97.2% Caucasian, and had a median age of 50 years (IQR, 43-58). The cohort had a median household income of $62 307 (IQR, $50 345-$79 773), a median of 7 close friends (IQR, 4-10), and 64.7% of patients completed college or graduate school. Education, income, and number of friends were not associated with time to diagnosis via multivariable linear regression modeling. Univariable multinominal logistic regression demonstrated an association between education and income for selecting ED versus ERMT, but no associations were noted for CTR. No associations were noted for time to recurrent surgical procedure via Kaplan Meier modeling and Cox proportional hazards regression. Conclusions: Patient education, income, and social support were not associated with time to diagnosis or time to disease recurrence. This suggests additional patient, procedure, or disease-specific factors contribute to the observed variations in iSGS surgical outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-4894 , 1943-572X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0003489421995283
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 443-490
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 443-490
    Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p 〈 .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p 〈 .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small ( 〈 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245918810225
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 9
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    The Future of Women in Psychological Science
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Perspectives on Psychological Science Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2021-05), p. 483-516
    Details
    In: Perspectives on Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2021-05), p. 483-516
    Abstract: There has been extensive discussion about gender gaps in representation and career advancement in the sciences. However, psychological science itself has yet to be the focus of discussion or systematic review, despite our field’s investment in questions of equity, status, well-being, gender bias, and gender disparities. In the present article, we consider 10 topics relevant for women’s career advancement in psychological science. We focus on issues that have been the subject of empirical study, discuss relevant evidence within and outside of psychological science, and draw on established psychological theory and social-science research to begin to chart a path forward. We hope that better understanding of these issues within the field will shed light on areas of existing gender gaps in the discipline and areas where positive change has happened, and spark conversation within our field about how to create lasting change to mitigate remaining gender differences in psychological science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1745-6916 , 1745-6924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1745691620952789
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2224911-4
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  • 10
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    Registered Replication Report on Fischer, Castel, Dodd, and Pratt (2003)
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2020-06), p. 143-162
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2020-06), p. 143-162
    Abstract: The attentional spatial-numerical association of response codes (Att-SNARC) effect (Fischer, Castel, Dodd, & Pratt, 2003)—the finding that participants are quicker to detect left-side targets when the targets are preceded by small numbers and quicker to detect right-side targets when they are preceded by large numbers—has been used as evidence for embodied number representations and to support strong claims about the link between number and space (e.g., a mental number line). We attempted to replicate Experiment 2 of Fischer et al. by collecting data from 1,105 participants at 17 labs. Across all 1,105 participants and four interstimulus-interval conditions, the proportion of times the effect we observed was positive (i.e., directionally consistent with the original effect) was .50. Further, the effects we observed both within and across labs were minuscule and incompatible with those observed by Fischer et al. Given this, we conclude that we failed to replicate the effect reported by Fischer et al. In addition, our analysis of several participant-level moderators (finger-counting habits, reading and writing direction, handedness, and mathematics fluency and mathematics anxiety) revealed no substantial moderating effects. Our results indicate that the Att-SNARC effect cannot be used as evidence to support strong claims about the link between number and space.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245920903079
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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