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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Sports Economics Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2021-04), p. 295-328
    In: Journal of Sports Economics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2021-04), p. 295-328
    Abstract: This paper examines the relative performance and access to mounts of female jockeys in American horseracing, the only major professional sport where female and male athletes directly compete on a regular basis. We modeled the determinants of the probability for a jockey finishing a race “in-the-money”—placing first, second, or third, and the determinants for receiving mounts. Among other findings, the results indicated that the probability for female jockeys finishing a race in the money was not significantly different from male jockeys, ceteris paribus, yet female jockeys continue to receive fewer mounts after controlling for other relevant, observable factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1527-0025 , 1552-7794
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028945-5
    SSG: 3,2
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The American Economist Vol. 65, No. 2 ( 2020-10), p. 191-203
    In: The American Economist, SAGE Publications, Vol. 65, No. 2 ( 2020-10), p. 191-203
    Abstract: Catholic economics is the interdisciplinary pursuit of joining Church teaching with economic science. The Church and its leaders, the Pope and Bishops, are primarily concerned with the salvation of souls and their general welfare, or the common good, and as such govern and guide the faithful to that end. Catholic scholars seeking to apply those teachings are free to and do debate the merits of particular policies or institutions. Catholic economists also question particular economic theories that contrast with Church teaching, especially with regard to human nature. This article examines these core elements of the Catholic Economics school of thought. JEL Classifications: A12, I31, Z12
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0569-4345 , 2328-1235
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068414-9
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  • 3
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5 ( 2009-01-01), p. 1744-8069-5-72-
    Abstract: Leukocytes infiltrating inflamed tissue produce and release opioid peptides such as β-endorphin, which activate opioid receptors on peripheral terminals of sensory nerves resulting in analgesia. Gene therapy is an attractive strategy to enhance continuous production of endogenous opioids. However, classical viral and plasmid vectors for gene delivery are hampered by immunogenicity, recombination, oncogene activation, antibacterial antibody production or changes in physiological gene expression. Non-viral, non-plasmid minimalistic, immunologically defined gene expression (MIDGE) vectors may overcome these problems as they carry only elements needed for gene transfer. Here, we investigated the effects of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-coupled MIDGE encoding the β-endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats. Results POMC-MIDGE-NLS injected into inflamed paws appeared to be taken up by leukocytes resulting in higher concentrations of β-endorphin in these cells. POMC-MIDGE-NLS treatment reversed enhanced mechanical sensitivity compared with control MIDGE-NLS. However, both effects were moderate, not always statistically significant or directly correlated with each other. Also, the anti-hyperalgesic actions could not be increased by enhancing β-endorphin secretion or by modifying POMC-MIDGE-NLS to code for multiple copies of β-endorphin. Conclusion Although MIDGE vectors circumvent side-effects associated with classical viral and plasmid vectors, the current POMC-MIDGE-NLS did not result in reliable analgesic effectiveness in our pain model. This was possibly associated with insufficient and variable efficacy in transfection and/or β-endorphin production. Our data point at the importance of the reproducibility of gene therapy strategies for the control of chronic pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069 , 1744-8069
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2016-05), p. 339-363
    In: Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2016-05), p. 339-363
    Abstract: In the face of increasingly intense competition and saturated markets, competitive advantages through innovation (also) in tourism are continuously gaining importance for business survival and growth. Using a qualitative approach to investigate 12 small and medium enterprises in the Viennese hotel sector, this study focuses on identifying the extent to which different forms of organizational innovativeness lead to different innovation results. On the basis of the analysis, four types of innovation results (systematic renewal, systematic improvement, adaptation, and startups) can be identified. These innovation results can be traced back to different configurations of organizational innovativeness. The study shows that systematic renewal is promoted by a combination of all dimensions of organizational innovativeness (willingness to innovate, ability to innovate, and possibility of innovation).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1096-3480 , 1557-7554
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202405-0
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The American Economist Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2020-03), p. 177-179
    In: The American Economist, SAGE Publications, Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2020-03), p. 177-179
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0569-4345 , 2328-1235
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068414-9
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 1997-04), p. 430-436
    Abstract: Experimental data suggest that postischemic blood glucose concentration plays an important role in modulating both ischemic cerebral infarction and selective neuronal necrosis. This study investigated the association between functional neurological recovery and blood glucose concentrations in human cardiac arrest survivors. A group of 145 nondiabetic patients were evaluated after witnessed ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Data regarding cardiac arrest were collected according to an internationally accepted protocol immediately after arrival. Blood glucose was measured on admission and 6, 12, and 24 h thereafter. To control for duration of cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock, both known to influence outcome as well as blood glucose, levels, Spearman rank partial correlation was used. In this multivariate analysis, a high admission blood glucose level tended to be associated with poor neurological outcome ( r s = −0.16, n = 142, p = 0.06). The association between high median blood glucose levels over 24 h and poor neurological outcome was strong and statistically significant ( r s = −0.2, n = 145, p = 0.015). High blood glucose concentrations occurring over the first 24 h after cardiac arrest have deleterious effects on functional neurological recovery. Whether cardiac arrest survivors might benefit from reduction of blood glucose levels needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  ASN Neuro Vol. 13 ( 2021-01), p. 175909142098118-
    In: ASN Neuro, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13 ( 2021-01), p. 175909142098118-
    Abstract: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and important regulators of brain homeostasis. Central to this role is a dynamic phenotypic plasticity that enables microglia to respond to environmental and pathological stimuli. Importantly, different microglial phenotypes can be both beneficial and detrimental to central nervous system health. Chronically activated inflammatory microglia are a hallmark of neurodegeneration, including the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). By contrast, microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris is essential for resolving inflammation and promoting remyelination. As such, microglia are being explored as a potential therapeutic target for MS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding ribonucleic acids that regulate gene expression and act as master regulators of cellular phenotype and function. Dysregulation of certain miRNAs can aberrantly activate and promote specific polarisation states in microglia to modulate their activity in inflammation and neurodegeneration. In addition, miRNA dysregulation is implicated in MS pathogenesis, with circulating biomarkers and lesion specific miRNAs identified as regulators of inflammation and myelination. However, the role of miRNAs in microglia that specifically contribute to MS progression are still largely unknown. miRNAs are being explored as therapeutic agents, providing an opportunity to modulate microglial function in neurodegenerative diseases such as MS. This review will focus firstly on elucidating the complex role of microglia in MS pathogenesis. Secondly, we explore the essential roles of miRNAs in microglial function. Finally, we focus on miRNAs that are implicated in microglial processes that contribute directly to MS pathology, prioritising targets that could inform novel therapeutic approaches to MS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-0914 , 1759-0914
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2485467-0
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