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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (22)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Virus Evolution Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2020-07-01)
    Details
    In: Virus Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2020-07-01)
    Abstract: Understanding the evolutionary history of a virus and the mechanisms influencing the direction of its evolution is essential for the development of more durable strategies to control the virus in crop fields. While the deployment of host resistance in crops is the most efficient means to control various viruses, host resistance itself can act as strong selective pressure and thus play a critical role in the evolution of virus virulence. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a plant RNA virus with high evolutionary capacity, has caused endemic disease in various crops worldwide, including pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), because of frequent emergence of resistance-breaking variants. In this study, we examined the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of recently emerged, resistance-breaking CMV variants infecting pepper. Our population genetics analysis revealed that the high divergence capacity of CMV RNA1 might have played an essential role in the host-interactive evolution of CMV and in shaping the CMV population structure in pepper. We also demonstrated that nonsynonymous mutations in RNA1 encoding the 1a protein enabled CMV to overcome the deployed resistance in pepper. Our findings suggest that resistance-driven selective pressures on RNA1 might have contributed in shaping the unique evolutionary pattern of CMV in pepper. Therefore, deployment of a single resistance gene may reduce resistance durability against CMV and more integrated approaches are warranted for successful control of CMV in pepper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-1577
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa070
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2818949-8
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  • 2
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    Asiatic acid derivatives enhance cognitive performance partly by improving acetylcholine synthesis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2010-02-18), p. 1275-1282
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2010-02-18), p. 1275-1282
    Abstract: Thirty-six semi-synthesized derivatives of asiatic acid were examined to determine if they had cognitive-enhancing activity in a passive avoidance test. Among the compounds tested, AS-2, AS-2–9–006 and AS-9–006 significantly alleviated scopolamine-induced memory impairment at doses of 1 and 10 mg kg−1. Furthermore, AS-2 and AS-2–9–006 (1 mg kg−1 administered four times daily) enhanced cognitive performance as determined in a water maze test. These three asiatic acid derivatives did not show any significant effect on the learning process in active avoidance tests. AS-2, AS-2–9–006 and AS-9–006 enhanced cholineacetyltransferase activity in a cholinergic neuroblastoma cell line, S-20Y, in-vitro. Therefore, AS-2, AS-2–9–006 and AS-9–006 may have therapeutic value in alleviating certain memory impairment observed in dementia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3573 , 2042-7158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1211/0022357044391
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041988-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050532-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Protection of Rat Hepatocytes Exposed to CCl4 In-vitro by Cynandione A, a Biacetophenone from Cynanchum wilfordii
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2010-02-18), p. 341-345
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2010-02-18), p. 341-345
    Abstract: To identify hepatoprotective agents from plant sources we use primary cultures of rat hepatocytes injured by CCl4. The hepatoprotective agents are the compounds that mitigate the injury caused by CCl4. Using this system we have investigated the biochemical mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of cynandione A, a biacetopherone, isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley (Asclepiadaceae). Cynandione A (50 μm) significantly reduced (approximately 50%) the release into the culture medium of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase from the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to CCl4. Glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase play important roles in the cellular defence against oxidative stress. Cynandione A appeared to protect primary cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to CCl4 from significant drops in the levels of each of these four specific markers. Cynandione A also ameliorated lipid peroxidation by up to 50% as demonstrated by a reduction in the production of malondialdehyde. These results suggest that cynandione A protected the hepatocytes from CCl4-injury by maintaining the level of glutathione and by inhibiting the production of malondialdehyde, due to its radical scavenging properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3573 , 2042-7158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1211/0022357001773896
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041988-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050532-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Potential of the Cnidium monnieri fruits as an immune enhancer in Escherichia coli infection model
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2016-10-19), p. 1430-1439
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2016-10-19), p. 1430-1439
    Abstract: The Cnidium monnieri fruits (CMF) were studied how they act on immune system as a novel immunostimulator against the infectious disease. Methods Macrophages were treated with CMF, and nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured, and phagocytosis of macrophages was detected using FITC-labelled Escherichia coli. The protective effect of CMF against E. coli infection in mice was examined. The survival rate was monitored daily for up to 5 days. And then the viable bacteria count of serum and the immunological mediator (NO, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-6) of serum, splenocyte and peritoneal macrophages were analysed. Key findings The CMF significantly enhanced the concentrations of NO and TNF-α and the phagocytosis activity in macrophages. The oral administration of CMF for five consecutive days before infection prolonged the survival rate. Treatment with CMF significantly stimulated the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and induced the immunological mediator of serum, splenocyte and peritoneal macrophages against the E. coli infection. Conclusions The host-protective effects of CMF might be archived by improving immune response, and CMF could act to prevent pathogenic microbial infections with immunomodulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2042-7158 , 0022-3573
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12625
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041988-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050532-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Skin Permeation of Testosterone and its Ester Derivatives in Rats
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2010-02-18), p. 369-375
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2010-02-18), p. 369-375
    Abstract: To establish the optimum conditions for improving the transdermal delivery of testosterone, we studied the relationship between the lipophilicity of testosterone ester derivatives and the rat skin permeation rate of testosterone. We performed a rat skin permeation study of testosterone and its commercially available ester derivatives, testosterone hemisuccinate, testosterone propionate and testosterone-17β-cypionate, using an ethanol/water co-solvent system. The aqueous solubility and rat skin permeation rate of each drug, saturated in various compositions of an ethanol/water system, was determined at 37°C. The aqueous solubility of testosterone and its ester derivatives increased exponentially as the volume fraction of ethanol increased up to 100% (v/v). The stability of testosterone propionate in both the skin homogenate and the extract was investigated to observe the enzymatic degradation during the skin permeation process. Testosterone propionate was found to be stable in the isotonic buffer solution and in the epidermis-side extract for 10 h at 37°C. However, in the skin homogenate and the dermis-side extract testosterone propionate rapidly degraded producing testosterone, implying that testosterone propionate rapidly degraded to testosterone during the skin permeation process. The steady-state permeation rates of testosterone in the ethanol/water systems increased exponentially as the volume fraction of ethanol increased, reaching the maximum value (2.69 ± 0.69 μg cm−2 h−1) at 70% (v/v) ethanol in water, and then decreasing with further increases in the ethanol volume fraction. However, in the skin permeation study with testosterone esters saturated in 70% (v/v) ethanol in water system, testosterone esters were hardly detected in the receptor solution, probably due to the rapid degradation to testosterone during the skin permeation process. Moreover, a parabolic relationship was observed between the permeation rate of testosterone and the log P values of ester derivatives. Maximum flux was achieved at a log P value of around 3 which corresponded to that of testosterone (log P = 3.4). The results showed that the skin permeation rate of testosterone and its ester derivatives was maximized when these compounds were saturated in a 70% ethanolic solution. It was also found that a log P value of around 3 is suitable for the skin permeation of testosterone related compounds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3573 , 2042-7158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1211/0022357001774101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041988-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050532-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    A Plant Virus-Based Vector System for Gene Function Studies in Pepper
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 181, No. 3 ( 2019-11), p. 867-880
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 181, No. 3 ( 2019-11), p. 867-880
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0889 , 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00836
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Angiogenesis Facilitated by Autologous Whole Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation for Buerger's Disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2006
    In:  Stem Cells Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2006-05-01), p. 1194-1200
    Details
    In: Stem Cells, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2006-05-01), p. 1194-1200
    Abstract: We hypothesized that angiogenesis can be triggered by autologous whole bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Twenty-seven patients (34 lower limbs) with Buerger's disease, who were not candidates for surgical revascularization or radiologic intervention, were enrolled in this study. Six sites of the tibia bone were fenestrated using a 2.5-mm-diameter screw under fluoroscopic guidance. Clinical status and outcome were determined using the “Recommended Standards for Reports.” To mobilize endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from bone marrow, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-HuG-CSF) was injected subcutaneously as a dose of 75 μg, preoperatively. During the follow-up period (19.1 ± 3.5 months), one limb showed a markedly improved outcome (+3), and 26 limbs showed a moderately improved outcome (+2). Thirteen limbs among 17 limbs with nonhealing ulcers healed. Postoperative angiograms were obtained for 22 limbs. Two limbs showed marked (+3), five limbs moderate (+2), and nine limbs slight (+1) collateral development. However, six limbs showed no collateral development (0). Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were analyzed for CD34 and CD133 molecules to enumerate potential EPCs, and EPC numbers were found to be increased in peripheral blood and in bone marrow after r-HuG-CSF injection. In conclusion, the transplantation of autologous whole BMCs by fenestration of the tibia bone represents a simple, safe, and effective means of inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with Buerger's disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1066-5099 , 1549-4918
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0349
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030643-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1143556-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 605570-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Amiodarone sensitizes human glioma cells but not astrocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  Neuro-Oncology Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2011-3), p. 267-279
    Details
    In: Neuro-Oncology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2011-3), p. 267-279
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1523-5866 , 1522-8517
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq195
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094060-9
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  • 9
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    Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer’s disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Brain Vol. 146, No. 7 ( 2023-07-03), p. 2957-2974
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 146, No. 7 ( 2023-07-03), p. 2957-2974
    Abstract: Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD. To investigate the alterations of acetate and glucose metabolism in the diseased brains and their impact on the AD pathology, we adopted multifaceted approaches including microPET imaging, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, and electrophysiology. Two AD rodent models, APP/PS1 and 5xFAD transgenic mice, one adenovirus-induced rat model of reactive astrogliosis, and post-mortem human brain tissues were used in this study. We further curated a proof-of-concept human study that included 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET imaging analyses along with neuropsychological assessments from 11 AD patients and 10 healthy control subjects. We demonstrate that reactive astrocytes excessively absorb acetate through elevated monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) in rodent models of both reactive astrogliosis and AD. The elevated acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and boosts the aberrant astrocytic GABA synthesis when amyloid-β is present. The excessive astrocytic GABA subsequently suppresses neuronal activity, which could lead to glucose uptake through decreased glucose transporter-3 in the diseased brains. We further demonstrate that 11C-acetate uptake was significantly increased in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporo-parietal neocortex of the AD patients compared to the healthy controls, while 18F-FDG uptake was significantly reduced in the same regions. Additionally, we discover a strong correlation between the patients’ cognitive function and the PET signals of both 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. We demonstrate the potential value of PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG by visualizing reactive astrogliosis and the associated neuronal glucose hypometablosim for AD patients. Our findings further suggest that the acetate-boosted reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction could contribute to the cognitive decline in AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad037
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Safety and Optimal Timing of BCG Vaccination in Infants Born to Mothers Receiving Anti-TNF Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2020-12-02), p. 1780-1784
    Details
    In: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2020-12-02), p. 1780-1784
    Abstract: We aimed to evaluate the safety of Bacille Calmette–Guérin [BCG] vaccination in infants born to mothers receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Methods Adverse events of BCG vaccination were evaluated in 90 infants who were last exposed to anti-TNF agents at a median of gestational week 30. Results After receiving BCG vaccination at a median age of 6 months [range, 0.25–11 months], three infants [3.3%] showed injection site swelling, two of whom also showed axillar lymphadenopathy. The rates of adverse events were similar between infants who were last exposed to anti-TNF agents before the third trimester [n = 35] and those who were last exposed in the third trimester [n = 55] [2.9% vs 3.6%; p = 1.00]. All adverse events were spontaneously resolved and there were no serious adverse events such as active tuberculosis infection or death. Conclusions BCG vaccination after 6 months of age is of low risk in infants exposed to anti-TNF agents in utero.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1873-9946 , 1876-4479
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa099
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2389631-0
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