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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship between CEO Governance and Social Responsibility of Service Firms
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2019-09-10), p. 4942-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2019-09-10), p. 4942-
    Abstract: Although it is widely accepted that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is key to obtaining business sustainability, there is a significant lack of empirical tests on the longer-term benefits of CSR in academic literature. The objective of our study was to examine the effects of chief executive officer (CEO) governance on CSR in service firms. We used CEO pay slice (CPS) to measure CEO governance and the Korea Economic Justice Institute Index (KEJI) to measure the level of CSR activities. CPS was measured using the compensation information of the board of directors in their business reports. The KEJI was obtained from the website of Citizens’ Coalition for Economic Justice. The sample selected from listed firms consisting of 260 observations was collected from 2013 to 2015 at the TS-2000 and the FnGuide. The results showed that the CPS has a significant negative impact on the level of CSR activities in service firms. Specifically, CPS has a significant negative impact on the level of CSR activities in the areas of human, environment, and society at a significant level of one percent. Based on these results, higher CEO governance is expected to mean lower CSR in service firms. This paper contributes to the field of research in that it is the first research on the relationship between CEO governance and the level of CSR activities in service firms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11184942
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
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    Effects of Different Types of Contraction Exercises on Shoulder Function and Muscle Strength in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 24 ( 2021-12-11), p. 13078-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 24 ( 2021-12-11), p. 13078-
    Abstract: Although several studies have reported the effect of exercise therapy for adhesive capsulitis (AC), studies on the comparison of different exercise types on shoulder muscle strength and function in patients with AC are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different exercise types on shoulder muscle strength and function in patients with AC. Thirty female patients with AC were categorized into an eccentric contraction exercise group (ECG, n = 15; age, 51.53 ± 4.73 years) and a concentric contraction exercise group (CCG, n = 15; age, 52.40 ± 4.03 years). The participants in each group performed a different exercise program three times per week for 60 min per session for 12 weeks. The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, visual analog scale, shoulder muscle strength, and Constant–Murley score (CMS) were measured before the intervention and after 12 weeks of the exercise intervention. Shoulder ROM in flexion (increase of 31%) and external rotation (ER) (increase of 54%) showed a significant improvement in the ECG (p 〈 0.05). Muscle strength in ER was significantly different between the two groups (p 〈 0.05). Pain severity showed improvement in the ECG (decrease of 61%) after the intervention (p 〈 0.01). The CMS in the ECG (increase of 48%) showed a greater improvement than that in the CCG after the intervention (p 〈 0.01). This study showed that eccentric contraction exercise had a more beneficial effect than concentric contraction exercise for improving shoulder muscle strength and function in females with AC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
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    Sintering Process Optimization for 3YSZ Ceramic 3D-Printed Objects Manufactured by Stereolithography
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-14), p. 192-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-14), p. 192-
    Abstract: A 3YSZ (3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia) ceramic green body with 50 vol% of ceramic content was 3D-printed by supportless stereolithography under optimal drying, debinding, and sintering conditions in order to achieve high strength and density. The viscosity and flowability of the ceramic nanocomposite resins were optimized by adjusting the amounts of non-reactive diluents. The ceramic 3D-printed objects have a high polymer content compared to ceramics samples manufactured by conventional manufacturing processes, and the attraction between layers is weak because of the layer-by-layer additive method. This causes problems such as layer separation and cracking due to internal stress generated when materials such as solvents and polymers are separated from the objects during the drying and debinding processes; therefore, the drying and debinding conditions of 3YSZ ceramic 3D-printed objects were optimized based on thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis. The sintering conditions at various temperatures and times were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, SEM, and flexural strength analysis, and the body of the 3YSZ ceramic 3D-printed object that sintered at 1450 °C for 150 min had a relative density of 99.95% and flexural strength of 1008.5 MPa. This study widens the possibility of manufacturing ceramic 3D-printed objects with complex shapes, remarkable strength, and unique functionality, enabling their application in various industrial fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11010192
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
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    Screening of II-IV-V2 Materials for Photovoltaic Applications Based on Density Functional Theory Calculations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 883-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 883-
    Abstract: The relative stability of polymorphs and their electronic structure was investigated for II-IV-V2 materials by using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our calculation results show that, for Zn-, Cd-, and Be-containing compounds, nitrides favor the 2H polymorph with AB stacking sequence; however, phosphides, arsenides, and antimonides are more stable in the 3C polymorph with the ABC stacking sequence. The electronic band gap of materials was calculated by using hybrid density functional theory methods, and then materials with an ideal band gap for photovoltaic applications were chosen. The experimental synthesis of the screened materials is reported, except for CdSiSb2, which was found to be unstable in our calculation. The absorption coefficient of the screened materials, especially ZnGeAs2, was high enough to make thin-film solar cells. The higher stacking fault energy in ZnGeAs2 than the others is consistent with the larger formation energy difference between the 2H and 3C polymorphs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080883
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
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    Evaluating the Memory Enhancing Effects of Angelica gigas in Mouse Models of Mild Cognitive Impairments
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-30), p. 97-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-30), p. 97-
    Abstract: (1) Background: By 2050, it is estimated that 130 million people will be diagnosed with dementia, and currently approved medicines only slow the progression. So preventive intervention is important to treat dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is a condition characterized by some deterioration in cognitive function and increased risk of progressing to dementia. Therefore, the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a possible way to prevent dementia. Angelica gigas reduces neuroinflammation, improves circulation, and inhibits cholinesterase, which can be effective in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia and the progression of mild cognitive impairment. (2) Methods: Angelica gigas (AG) extract 1 mg/kg was administered to mildly cognitive impaired mice, models based on mild traumatic brain injury and chronic mild stress. Then, spatial, working, and object recognition and fear memory were measured. (3) Result: Angelica gigas improved spatial learning, working memory, and suppressed fear memory in the mild traumatic brain injury model. It also improved spatial learning and suppressed cued fear memory in the chronic mild stress model animals. (4) Conclusions: Angelica gigas can improve cognitive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment model mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12010097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
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    Synthesis and Characterization of a Conductive Polymer Blend Based on PEDOT:PSS and Its Electromagnetic Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-19), p. 393-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-19), p. 393-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to prepare a resistive lossy material using conducting polymers for electromagnetic wave absorbers. This paper presents a conductive paste largely composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) with a polyurethane binder. The various secondary compounds are added in small amounts to an aqueous blended solution in order to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of the conductive thin film. The synthesized conductive paste is characterized through electrical, chemical, and morphological analyses. The electrical conductivity of the thin film is measured using a four-point probe and surface profiler. The chemical and morphological changes are studied in various experiments using a Raman microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a scanning electron microscope, and an atomic force microscope. In order to verify the applicability of the synthesized conductive paste, which is composed of 70 wt% PEDOT:PSS, 30 wt% polyurethane, and secondary additives (DMAE 0.4 wt%, A-187 0.5 wt%, DMSO 7 wt%, Dynol 604 0.1 wt%, PUR 40 2.5 wt%), the Salisbury screen absorber is fabricated and evaluated in the X-band. According to the results, the absorber resonates at 9.7 GHz, the reflection loss is −38.6 dB, and the 90% absorption bandwidth is 3.4 GHz (8.2 to 11.6 GHz). Through this experiment, the applicability of the PEDOT:PSS-based conductive paste is sufficiently verified and it is found that excellent radar-absorbing performance can be realized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14030393
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
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    Investigation of Mineral-Processing Wastewater Recycling Processes: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-29), p. 3069-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-08-29), p. 3069-
    Abstract: Mineral processing requires large amounts of water, but, often in the remote locations of many mines, sufficient fresh water frequently cannot be supplied. Therefore, recycling of water is important in mineral processing and enhancing the efficiency of the liquid-solid separation and dewatering steps in mineral processing wastewater treatment is critical. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of anionic flocculant dosage and sludge recycling (SR) on solid removal and sludge dewaterability. Different combinations of the flocculant dosage with and without SR were applied in a mineral-processing wastewater treatment pilot plant. Increasing the amount of flocculant dose of 1.1% v/v (flocculant solution to wastewater) did not significantly decrease the turbidity of the treated water, while the combination of a flocculant with SR increased the zeta potential. Increasing flocculant dose adversely affected dewaterability, although the dewaterability of the 0.6% v/v flocculant-treated sludge significantly increased after aging of the sludge. Sludge recycling was effective for increasing the dewaterability, and a flocculant dose of 1.1% v/v with SR led to formation of large flocs that were stable during aging and sonication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10093069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Effects of Dietary Inclusion Level of Microwave-Dried and Press-Defatted Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Broilers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-02), p. 665-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-02), p. 665-
    Abstract: Limited information is available regarding the use of microwave-dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HILM) as a dietary protein source for broiler diets. Therefore, we investigated the effects of microwave-dried HILM on carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid (FA) profiles of abdominal fat and meat, and heavy metal residues of the meat in broilers. A total of 126 male broilers were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (6 replicates and 7 birds/pen): a control diet and two experimental diets in which soybean meal was replaced with 25 or 50% HILM. The broilers were slaughtered at 35 days; the carcasses were weighed, and breast and leg meats were excised from 12 birds per treatment (2 birds/pen) for meat analysis. The breast meat quality and proximate composition showed satisfactory results. For the higher HILM diet, the content of saturated FA in the abdominal fat was increased and that of polyunsaturated FA was decreased (p 〈 0.001); the FA profile of leg meat did not significantly differ between groups. The concentrations of undesirable heavy metals in the HILM and leg meat were below permissible levels. However, the carcass weight was decreased (p 〈 0.001) in the 50% HILM group. Microwave-dried HILM is a potential ingredient for broiler diets, with up to 25% substitution showing no detrimental effects on carcass traits, meat quality, FA profiles, and heavy metal residues in the meat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11030665
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Effects of Dietary Inclusion Level of Microwave-Dried and Press-Defatted Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal on Productive Performance, Cecal Volatile Fatty Acid Profile, and Egg Quality in Laying Hens
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-21), p. 1486-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-21), p. 1486-
    Abstract: Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) is a promising alternative to soybean meal (SBM). However, little information is available on the effect of microwave-dried HILM as a dietary protein source in the diets of laying hens. We studied the effect of dietary inclusion level of microwave-dried HILM on productive performance, cecal volatile fatty acid profile, egg quality, overall fatty acid profile, and heavy metal residues of the egg in laying hens. A total of 144 laying hens (25-week-old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups (eight replicates and six birds/cage): a control diet, and two experimental diets in which SBM was replaced with 2% HILM (2HILM) and 4% HILM (4HILM). The laying hens that fed the HILM showed satisfactory results in productive performance and egg quality. Branched-chain fatty acid levels increased linearly (p 〈 0.001) with dietary treatment in the cecal digesta. Total monounsaturated fatty acid increased linearly (p 〈 0.01), while total polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased linearly (p 〈 0.01) in the eggs by dietary treatments. Heavy metals, magnesium, zinc, and aluminum were increased linearly with dietary treatment; however, undesirable heavy metals were under permissible levels. Thus, microwave-dried HILM could be a possible alternative to SBM in the diets of laying hens; however, improvements in fatty acid profile are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11061486
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Anesthetic Agents and Cardiovascular Outcomes of Noncardiac Surgery after Coronary Stent Insertion
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-05), p. 429-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-05), p. 429-
    Abstract: Patients undergoing noncardiac surgery after coronary stent implantation are at an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Volatile anesthetics are reported to have organ-protective effects against ischemic injury. Propofol has an anti-inflammatory action that can mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the association between anesthetic agents and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral event (MACCE) has never been studied before. In the present study, a total of 1630 cases were reviewed. Four different propensity score matchings were performed to minimize selection bias (propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) vs. volatile anesthetics; TIVA vs. sevoflurane; TIVA vs. desflurane; and sevoflurane vs. desflurane). The incidence of MACCE in these four propensity score-matched cohorts was compared. As a sensitivity analysis, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for MACCE during the postoperative 30 days both in total and matched cohorts (TIVA vs. volatile agent). MACCE occurred in 6.0% of the patients. Before matching, there was a significant difference in the incidence of MACCE between TIVA and sevoflurane groups (TIVA 5.1% vs. sevoflurane 8.2%, p = 0.006). After matching, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACCE between the groups of any pairs (TIVA 6.5% vs. sevoflurane 7.7%; p = 0.507). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association of the volatile agent with MACCE (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 0.92–2.37, p = 0.104). In conclusion, the choice of anesthetic agent for noncardiac surgery did not significantly affect the development of MACCE in patients with previous coronary stent implantation. However, further randomized trials are needed to confirm our results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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