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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Factors for Predicting Outcomes in Left Main versus Non-Left Main Coronary Bifurcation Stenting
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 14 ( 2021-07-07), p. 3024-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 14 ( 2021-07-07), p. 3024-
    Abstract: Background: No large-scale study has compared the clinical and angiographic predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with left main bifurcation (LMB) and non-LMB stenting after second-generation DES implantation. Herein, we investigated differential clinical and angiographic factors for predicting outcomes in LMB versus non-LMB stenting. Methods: A total of 2648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation DESs from the retrospective patient cohort were divided into an LMB group (n = 935) and a non-LMB group (n = 1713). The primary outcome was the 7-year incidence of target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: The incidence of TLF was 9.8%. Those in the LMB group were associated with a higher risk of TLF (14.2% versus 7.5%, p 〈 0.001) than those in the non-LMB group. Regarding the LMB group, independent predictors of TLF were chronic kidney disease (CKD), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and two-stenting. Regarding the non-LMB group, CKD, reduced LVEF, old age, diabetes, and small diameter of the main vessel stent were independent predictors of TLF. Conclusions: The two-stent strategy could potentially increase TLF for the LMB lesions, and achieving the maximal diameter of the main vessel stent could result in better clinical outcomes for non-LMB lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143024
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Improving the Clinical Outcome in Stroke Patients Receiving Thrombolytic or Endovascular Treatment in Korea: from the SECRET Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-06), p. 717-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-06), p. 717-
    Abstract: We investigated whether there was an annual change in outcomes in patients who received the thrombolytic therapy or endovascular treatment (EVT) in Korea. This analysis was performed using data from a nationwide multicenter registry for exploring the selection criteria of patients who would benefit from reperfusion therapies in Korea. We compared the annual changes in the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge and after 90 days and the achievement of successful recanalization from 2012 to 2017. We also investigated the determinants of favorable functional outcomes. Among 1230 included patients, the improvement of functional outcome at discharge after reperfusion therapy was noted as the calendar year increased (p 〈 0.001). The proportion of patients who were discharged to home significantly increased (from 45.6% in 2012 to 58.5% in 2017) (p 〈 0.001). The successful recanalization rate increased over time from 78.6% in 2012 to 85.1% in 2017 (p = 0.006). Time from door to initiation of reperfusion therapy decreased over the years (p 〈 0.05). These secular trends of improvements were also observed in 1203 patients with available mRS data at 90 days (p 〈 0.05). Functional outcome was associated with the calendar year, age, initial stroke severity, diabetes, preadmission disability, intervals from door to reperfusion therapy, and achievement of successful recanalization. This study demonstrated the secular trends of improvement in functional outcome and successful recanalization rate in patients who received reperfusion therapy in Korea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030717
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Stimulates Osteoclastogenesis in Periodontitis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 50-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 50-
    Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with alveolar bone resorption and subsequent tooth loss as its ultimate outcomes. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide with growth-stimulatory and tumorigenic properties, and neuropeptides have previously been suggested to play a role in the complex cascade of chemical activity associated with periodontal inflammation. In this study, GRP treatment enhanced the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) into osteoclasts, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonists suppressed the pro-osteoclastogenic effect of GRP. Grpr-siRNA knockdown resulted in a significantly lower number of osteoclasts formed as compared with the control. Interestingly, gene expression analysis indicated downregulation of Grp and Grpr expressions in BMMs during osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice and gingival samples from patients with periodontitis displayed increased immunostaining of GRP in the oral epithelium. Subsequently, stimulation of mouse primary epithelial cells (ECs) and HaCaT cells, human epidermal keratinocytes, with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis or live P. gingivalis upregulated Grp and Grpr expressions. Finally, coculture of P. gingivalis-stimulated ECs and BMMs using Transwell system revealed that the differentiation of BMMs was induced when subjected to paracrine activation by LPS- as well as live-P. gingivalis stimulated ECs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the pro-osteoclastogenic properties of BMMs may be modulated by GRP produced by ECs in the periodontal microenvironment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10010050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elevated Expression of Cathepsin K in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast by Inflammatory Cytokines Accelerates Osteoclastogenesis via Paracrine Mechanism in Periodontal Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-12), p. 695-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-12), p. 695-
    Abstract: Cathepsin K (CTSK) is a cysteine protease that is mainly produced from mature osteoclasts and contributes to the destruction of connective tissues and mineralized matrix as a consequence of periodontal disease (PD). However, few studies have reported its regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells in inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated the role of CTSK in osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells, focusing on the modulation of paracrine function. Microarray data showed that CTSK was upregulated in PD patients compared with healthy individuals, which was further supported by immunohistochemistry and qPCR analyses performed with human gingival tissues. The expression of CTSK in the osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells, including dental pulp stem cells, gingival fibroblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) was significantly elevated by treatment with inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β. Moreover, TNFα stimulation potentiated the PDLF-mediated osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Interestingly, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CTSK in PDLF noticeably attenuated the TNFα-triggered upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio, thereby abrogating the enhanced osteoclastogenesis-supporting activity of PDLF. Collectively, these results suggest a novel role of CTSK in the paracrine function of osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells in periodontal disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020695
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Baseline D-Dimer Levels as a Risk Assessment Biomarker for Recurrent Stroke in Patients with Combined Atrial Fibrillation and Atherosclerosis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-13), p. 1457-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-13), p. 1457-
    Abstract: Background: We investigated the effect of D-dimer levels and efficacy of different antithrombotic therapies according to the baseline D-dimer levels on recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke and atherosclerosis. Methods: We enrolled 1441 patients with AF-related stroke and atherosclerosis in this nationwide multicenter study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of recurrent ischemic stroke over a 3-year period. Results: High D-dimer levels (≥2 μg/mL) were significantly associated with higher risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–2.84; p = 0.012). The risk of recurrent stroke was similar between the anticoagulant and the antiplatelet groups in all subjects (adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46–1.32; p = 0.369). However, in patients with high D-dimer levels (≥2 μg/mL), risk of recurrent stroke was significantly lower in the anticoagulant group than in the antiplatelet group (adjusted HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18–0.87; p = 0.022). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that baseline D-dimer levels could be used as a risk assessment biomarker of recurrent stroke in patients with AF-related stroke and atherosclerosis. High D-dimer levels would facilitate the identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from anticoagulants to ensure secondary prevention of stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Oncologic Outcomes between Transduodenal Ampullectomy and Pancreatoduodenectomy in Ampulla of Vater Cancer: Korean Multicenter Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 2038-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 2038-
    Abstract: This study used multicenter data to compare the oncological safety of transduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) with that of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) in early ampulla of Vater (AoV) cancer. Data for patients who underwent surgical resection for AoV cancer (pTis–T2 stage) from January 2000 to September 2019 were collected from 15 institutions. The clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the PPPD and TDA groups. A total of 486 patients were enrolled (PPPD, 418; TDA, 68). The oncologic behavior in the PPPD group was more aggressive than that in the TDA group at all T stages: larger tumor size (p = 0.034), advanced T stage (p 〈 0.001), aggressive cell differentiation (p 〈 0.001), and more lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.002). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ between the two groups when considering all T stages or only the Tis+T1 group. Among T1 patients, PPPD produced significantly better DFS (PPPD vs. TDA, 84.8% vs. 66.6%, p = 0.040) and superior OS (PPPD vs. TDA, 89.1% vs. 68.0%, p = 0.056) than TDA. Lymph node dissection (LND) in the TDA group did not affect DFS or OS (TDA + LND vs. TDA-only, DFS, p = 0.784; OS, p = 0.870). In conclusion, PPPD should be the standard procedure for early AoV cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 7
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    The Feasibility of Stereotactic Body Proton Beam Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 4556-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 4556-
    Abstract: Background/Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of stereotactic body proton beam therapy (SBPT) for pancreatic cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 49 patients who underwent SBPT for pancreatic cancer between 2017 and 2020. Survival outcomes, bowel-related toxicities, and failure patterns were analysed. SBPT was performed after induction chemotherapy in 44 (89.8%) patients. The dose-fractionation scheme included 60 gray (Gy) relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in five fractions (n = 42, 85.7%) and 50 GyRBE in five fractions (n = 7, 14.3%). The median follow-up was 16.3 months (range, 1.8–45.0 months). Results: During follow-up, the best responses were complete response, partial response, and stable disease in four (8.2%), 13 (26.5%), and 31 (63.3%) patients, respectively. The 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control (LC) rates were 67.6%, 38.0%, and 73.0%, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 gastroduodenal (GD) toxicity occurred in three (6.1%) patients. Among them, one patient underwent endoscopic haemostasis. The other two patients received surgical management. They were followed up without disease progression for 〉 30 months after SBPT. Overall, there was no significant dosimetric difference between the grade ≥ 2 and lower toxicity groups. Conclusions: SBPT provides relatively high LC rates with acceptable toxicities in pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194556
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
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    A Highly Porous Nonwoven Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting by Human Walking
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 1044-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 1044-
    Abstract: : A highly porous nonwoven thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Polypropylene (PP) triboelectric nanogenerator (N-TENG) was developed. To fabricate the triboelectric layers, the TPU nanofiber was directly electrospun onto the nonwoven PP at different basis weights (15, 30, and 50 g/m2). The surface morphologies and porosities of the nonwoven PP and TPU nanofiber mats were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and porosimetry. The triboelectric performance of the nonwoven TPU/PP based TENG was found to improve with an increase in the basis weight of nonwoven PP. The maximum output voltage and current of the TPU/PP N-TENG with 50% PP basis weight reached 110.18 ± 6.06 V and 7.28 ± 0.67 µA, respectively, due to high air volume of nonwoven without spacers. In order to demonstrate its practical application as a generator, a TPU/PP N-TENG-attached insole for footwear was fabricated. The N-TENG was used as a power source to turn on 57 light-emitting diodes through human-walking, without any charging system. Thus, owing to its excellent energy-conversion performance, simple fabrication process, and low cost, the breathable and wearable nonwoven fiber-based TENG is suitable for large-scale production, to be used in wearable devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12051044
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 9
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    A Review of Dynamic Tree Behaviors: Measurement Methods on Tree Sway, Tree Tilt, and Root–Plate Movement
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-22), p. 379-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-22), p. 379-
    Abstract: Urban forest ecosystems are being developed to provide various environmental services (e.g., the preservation of urban trees) to urban inhabitants. However, some trees are deteriorated asymptomatically without exhibiting an early sign of tree displacement, which results in a higher vulnerability under dynamic wind loads, especially during typhoon seasons, in the subtropical and tropical regions. As such, it is important to understand the tilt and sway behaviors of trees to cope up with the probability of tree failure and to improve the efficacy of tree management. Tree behaviors under wind loads have been broadly reviewed in the past literature, yet thorough discussions on the measurement methods for tree displacement and its analysis of broadleaf specimens are lacking. To understand the behavioral pattern of both broadleaf and conifer species, this paper presents a detailed review of sway behavior analysis from the perspectives of the aerial parts of the individual tree, including tree stem, canopy, and trunk, alongside a highlighted focus on the root–plate movement amid the soil-root system. The analytical approaches associated with the time-space domain and the time-frequency domain are being introduced. In addition to the review of dynamic tree behaviors, an integrated tree monitoring framework based on geographic information systems (GIS) to detect and visualize the extent of tree displacement using smart sensing technology (SST) is introduced. The monitoring system aims to establish an early warning indicator system for monitoring the displacement angles of trees over the territory of Hong Kong’s urban landscape. This pilot study highlights the importance of the monitoring system at an operational scale to be applicable in the urban areas showcasing the practical use of the Internet of Things (IoT) with an in-depth understanding of the wind-load effect toward the urban trees in the tropical and subtropical cities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12030379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 10
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    A Sensitive Band to Optimize Winter Wheat Crop Residue Cover Estimation by Eliminating Moisture Effect
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2019-05-29), p. 3032-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2019-05-29), p. 3032-
    Abstract: Crop residues can retain soil moisture and increase soil organic matter. Crop residue cover is also a hot issue in agricultural remote sensing. Crop residue cover can be estimated linearly with cellulose absorption index (CAI), while moisture of crop residues and soil would reduce the accuracy of crop residue cover estimation. Crop residue and soil were used as materials to carry out the laboratory experiment to reveal the impact of moisture on crop residue cover estimation and eliminate said impact. This paper discovered a sensitive band, R2005, which can invert water content of materials to eliminate moisture effect and improve estimation accuracy of crop residue cover. In terms of inverting water content, compared with two ratio water indices proposed in 2016 (R1.6/R1.5, R1.6/R2.0), using R2005 can increase R2 from 0.828 to 0.935 and decline root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 0.12 to 0.07. At the point of results validation, R2 is 0.958 and RMSE is 0.06, indicating R2005 has a high accuracy. Another advantage of R2005 is that it is more suitable to promote to actual production because of simple and efficient band calculation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11113032
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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