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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Flavonoids as Neuroexocytosis Regulators
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2020-04-17), p. 1829-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2020-04-17), p. 1829-
    Abstract: Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBL) is known as a potential source of bioactive flavonoids, such as quercetin, arresting the neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-zippering. Here, the GBL flavonoids were isolated in two different manners and then examined for their bioactivity, physicochemical stability, and biocompatibility. The majority of flavonoids in the non-hydrolyzed and acidolyzed isolates, termed non-hydrolyzed isolate (NI) and acidolyzed isolate (AI) hereafter, were rich in flavonol glycosides and aglycones, respectively. Glycosidic/aglyconic quercetin and kaempferol were abundant in both NI and AI, whereas a little of apigenin, luteolin, and isorhamnetin were found in AI. NI was more thermostable in all pH ranges than quercetin, kaempferol, and AI. NI and AI both inhibited neurotransmitter release from differentiated neuronal PC-12 cells. NI and AI showed 1/2–1/3 lower EC50/CC50 values than quercetin and kaempferol. The NI and AI exhibited no toxicity assessed by the tests on chorioallantoic membranes of hen’s eggs, removing toxicological concerns of irritation potential. Moreover, GBL isolates, particularly AI, showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the use below the CC50 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that GBL isolates that are rich in antioxidant flavonoids are effective anti-neuroexocytotic agents with high stability and low toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Inflammatory Functions of Methanol Extract from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Leaves and Shoots by Targeting the NF-κB Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-26), p. 646-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-26), p. 646-
    Abstract: Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. is a widely used medical plant in Asia. Since the anti-inflammatory mechanism of this plant is not fully understood, the aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory function and mechanism of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. methanol extract (Mb-ME). For in vitro experiments, nitric oxide production assay, PCR, overexpression strategy, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter assay, and immunoprecipitation were employed to explore the molecular mechanism and the target proteins of Mb-ME. For in vivo experiments, an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory function. Mb-ME showed a strong ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and the expression of inflammatory genes. Mb-ME decreased NF-κB luciferase activity mediated by MyD88 and TRIF. Moreover, Mb-ME blocked the activation of Src, Syk, p85, Akt, p50, p60, IKKα/β, and IκBα in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression and immunoprecipitation analyses suggested Syk and Src as the target enzymes of Mb-ME. In vitro results showed that Mb-ME could alleviate gastritis and relieve the protein expression of p-Src, p-Syk, and COX-2, as well as the gene expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. In summary, this study implied that Mb-ME performs an anti-inflammatory role by suppressing Syk and Src in the NF-κB signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11050646
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship between Flourishing and Depression in Children in the U.S. Using a Socioecological Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-11-08), p. 8246-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-11-08), p. 8246-
    Abstract: Children’s flourishing is likely to be associated with achieving a positive mental and physical quality of life, which is considered as an important factor for helping children to overcome psychological adversity during the critical stage of emotional development. This study examined the relationships between children’s flourishing and childhood depression. This was a cross-sectional study using the 2011–2012 National Children’s Health Survey in the U.S. The conceptual framework that guided this study was a modified ecological system theory model. Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the associations between flourishing and pediatric depression, controlling for demographics, physical activity-related behaviors, family and environmental conditions. A total of 45,309 children (representing 33,293,823 children at the population level) were identified in this study (mean age: 13.63 years; female: 48.7%). Children’s childhood depression was highly related to direct parenting functions, individual needs and environmental availabilities and accessibilities from a socioecological perspective. This study revealed multiple dimensions of how sociological factors influence children’s flourishing and mental health. Parents’ involvement in children’s physical activities and family and social support are crucial for children’s flourishing and mental health status. More attention needs to be paid to provide children with family and social support to help them to overcome and reduce childhood depression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218246
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the Proteolytic Activity of a Halophilic Aspergillus reticulatus Strain SK1-1 Isolated from a Solar Saltern
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 29-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 29-
    Abstract: Salterns are hypersaline environments that are inhabited by diverse halophilic microorganisms, including fungi. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain SK1-1 from a saltern in the Republic of Korea, which was identified as Asperillus reticulatus. This is the first reported saline-environment-derived A. reticulatus that belongs to the Aspergillus penicillioides clade and encompasses xerophilic fungi. SK1-1 was halophilic, obligately requiring NaCl for growth, with a maximum radial growth of 6%–9% (w/v) NaCl. To facilitate the biotechnological application of halophilic fungi, we screened the SK1-1 strain for proteolytic activity. Proteases have widespread applications in food processing, detergents, textiles, and waste treatment, and halophilic proteases can enable protein degradation in high salt environments. We assessed the proteolytic activity of the extracellular crude enzyme of SK1-1 using azocasein as a substrate. The crude protease exhibited maximum activity at 40–50 °C, pH 9.5–10.5, and in the absence of NaCl. It was also able to retain up to 69% of its maximum activity until 7% NaCl. Protease inhibitor assays showed complete inhibition of the proteolytic activity of crude enzymes by Pefabloc® SC. Our data suggest that the halophilic A. reticulatus strain SK1-1 produces an extracellular alkaline serine protease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010029
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Psychometric Characteristic of the Taekwondo Electronic Protector Cognition Scale: The Application of the Rasch Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-23), p. 3684-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-23), p. 3684-
    Abstract: This research was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the electronic protector cognition scale by the infit and outfit of taekwondo athletes. Participants were 216 athletes (male = 109; female = 117) from 19 countries competed at the 19th Taekwondo World Championships. The electronic protector cognition scale consisting of 24-item with four subscales was utilized. The electronic protector cognition scale used a five-point Likert grading with 1 (not at all) to 5 (very likely). Analysis using IBM SPSS STATISTICS version 23 (IBM SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was conducted for the 226 data sets collected. WINSTEPS 3.74 (Linacre, 2015) was used for calculating subject reliability, item goodness-of-fit, scale propriety, and item level of difficulty, in order to apply the item response theory to the psychometric characteristics of electronic protectors. The research results showed that it was suitable for subject infit/outfit in taekwondo electronic protector cognition scale as 1.00~1.01 and the input/output of taekwondo electronic protector cognition scale as 1.00~1.01. Secondly, five-point scales were reviewed to be suitable for scale propriety, resulting from stage index judgment. Thirdly, 8 items showed problems in item goodness-of-fit. Finally, scale propriety was reported to be suitable considering the ability distribution of taekwondo players and the level of scale difficulty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103684
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance Evaluation of Rigid Braced Indirect Suspended Ceiling with Steel Panels
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1986-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1986-
    Abstract: In Korea, the earthquakes in Gyeongju (2016) and Pohang (2017) have led to increased interest in the seismic design of nonstructural elements. Among these, the suspended ceiling can cause personal injury and property damage. In addition, most suspended ceilings that are used in Korea neither have seismic design details nor meet the current seismic design standards. There are two seismic design methods for suspended ceilings using a perimeter clip and a brace. In the United States and Japan, seismic design of ceilings is typically used, but the concepts of applying and installing braces are different. This is because the typical ceiling systems are different in the United States and Japan. In this study, a brace-applied ceiling system that is suitable for a suspended ceiling with a steel panel was applied in the indirect suspended ceiling mainly used in Korea. In addition, the seismic performance was verified through a shaking table test. All the specimens were applied with anti-falling clips that are designed to prevent the panels from falling, and they satisfy KDS 41 17 00, which is a Korean seismic design life safety standard. Without considering these factors, the performance level is lower than a nonseismic designed ceiling, which is not properly designed or constructed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11051986
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study on the Cyclic Behavior of Integrated Panels for Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall System
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-03-01), p. 1649-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-03-01), p. 1649-
    Abstract: Studies on the constructability of cold-formed steel (CFS) members are lacking. In this context, this paper proposes an integrated panel to replace the studs and steel sheet in the steel-sheathed wall system used in light gauge steel frames. The integrated panel was developed, to not only exhibit better structural performance and constructability than the steel-sheathed wall system, but to also reflect the appropriate details for applications to on-site panel construction. Cyclic loading tests were performed to investigate the seismic performances of three integrated panel specimens and a steel-sheathed panel specimen. The integrated panel specimens exhibited greater deformation capacity, ductility and equivalent damping ratio than the steel-sheathed panel. Although the web slenderness of the integrated member was nearly 400, the nominal strength of the integrated panel was predictable on an AISI standard. However, for stud-reinforced integrated panels, the nominal strength was overestimated by 45%–60%, and a draft equation was proposed to predict the yield strength of these panels. The proposed equation accurately predicted the yield strength of the stud-reinforced integrated panel specimens. The study results can aid in the construction of light gauge steel frames that require reinforcing parts with a high web slenderness ratio.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10051649
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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