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  • MDPI AG  (432)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bioaccumulation of Cadmium Affects Development, Mating Behavior, and Fecundity in the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Insects Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 7-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 7-
    Abstract: Heavy metal pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agricultural ecosystems. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) accumulate in the food chain and may lead to detrimental effects on the physiological functions of living organisms, including herbivorous insects. One such example is the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). However, how Cd can affect the development and reproduction of O. furnacalis is largely unknown. In this study, we exposed larvae of O. furnacalis to a diet containing Cd and investigated the effects of Cd on the development, mating behavior, and fecundity of the insect. We showed that Cd accumulates in the larvae and inhibits development by extending larval and pupal duration and decreasing the survival rate. The excretion of Cd through multiple routes during the larval and pupal stages resulted in low levels of residual Cd in the adult insects, which were not fed with Cd. However, the mating behavior and fecundity of these insects were significantly affected, compared to control insects. This suggests that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Cd has long lasting and detrimental effects on O. furnacalis over the entire life cycle, affecting fecundity, even when specimens are only exposed at an early life stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects11010007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation of Hydrophobic Film by Electrospinning for Rapid SERS Detection of Trace Triazophos
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 4120-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 4120-
    Abstract: For real application, it is an urgent demand to fabricate stable and flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high enhancement factors in a large-scale and facile way. Herein, by using the electrospinning technique, a hydrophobic and flexible poly(styrene-co-butadiene) (SB) fibrous membrane is obtained, which is beneficial for modification of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) colloid in a small region and then formation of more “hot spots” by drying; the final SERS substrate is designated as Ag/SB. Hydrophobic Ag/SB can efficiently capture heterocyclic molecules into the vicinity of hot spots of Ag NPs. Such Ag/SB films are used to quantitatively detect trace triazophos residue on fruit peels or in the juice, and the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5 × 10−8 M is achieved. Ag/SB films possess a capability to resist heat. As a case, 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) that just barely dissolves in 90 °C water is picked for conducting Ag/SB-film-based experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20154120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Reveals That Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder Alleviates Environmental Stress-Induced Decline in Immune and Antioxidant Function and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Litopenaeus vannami
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Abstract: Ammonia stress and nitrite stress can induce immune depression and oxidative stress in Litopenaeus vannami (L. vannamei). Earlier reports showed that L. vannamei immunity, resistance to ammonia stress, and resistance to nitrite stress improved after Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder (TDTGP) treatment, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, three thousand L. vannamei were fed different doses of TDTGP for 35 days and then subjected to ammonia and nitrite stress treatments for 72 h. Transcriptome and 16-Seq ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (16S rRNA-seq) were used to analyze hepatopancreas gene expression and changes in gut microbiota abundance in each group. The results showed that after TDTGP treatment, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes were increased, the abundance of Vibrionaceae in the gut microbiota was decreased, and the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae was increased. In addition, after TDTGP treatment, the effects of ammonia and nitrite stress on the mRNA expression of Pu, cat-4, PPAF2, HO, Hsp90b1, etc. were reduced and the disruption of the gut microbiota was alleviated. In short, TDTGP can regulate the immunity and antioxidant of L. vannamei by increasing the expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes and regulating the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Neobaicalein Inhibits Th17 Cell Differentiation Resulting in Recovery of Th17/Treg Ratio through Blocking STAT3 Signaling Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 18-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 18-
    Abstract: Huangqin is the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been widely utilized for heat-clearing (Qingre) and dewetting (Zaoshi), heat-killed (Xiehuo) and detoxifying (Jiedu) in the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine and is used for treating inflammation and cancer in clinical formulas. Neobaicalein (NEO) is of flavonoid isolated from Huangqin and has been reported to possess prominent anti-inflammatory effects in published work. Th17/Treg balance shift to Th17 cells is an essential reason for autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, the role NEO plays in Th17 and Treg and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Network pharmacology-based study revealed that NEO predominantly regulated IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, our result shown that NEO (3–30 μmol/L) down-regulated Th17 differentiation and cellular supernatant and intracellular IL-17A level and tumor necrosis factor α production in a concentration-dependent manner. The further mechanism research revealed that NEO also specifically inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3(Tyr725) and STAT4 (Y693) without influence on activation of STAT5 and STAT6 in splenocytes. Immunofluorescence results illuminated that NEO effectively blocked STAT3 translocated into nucleus. Interestingly, NEO at appreciated dose could only inhibit Th17 cell differentiation and have no effect on Treg differentiation. The present study revealed that NEO effectively inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through specifically blocking the activation of STAT3 signaling without inactivation of STAT5 and STAT6. Additional inhibitory effect on activation of STAT4 by NEO also suggested the potential for antagonism against Th1 differentiation. All work suggested that NEO may be a potential candidate for immunoregulation and treating autoimmune inflammatory diseases through inhibiting immune cell viability and T cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Polyketides Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus from Cordyceps Sinensis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-13), p. 1709-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-13), p. 1709-
    Abstract: Five new polyketides, including two pairs of enantiomers and a racemate, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus isolated from Cordyceps sinensis. Their structures were identified using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were confirmed using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1a and 2a exhibited inhibitory activity against the MV4-11 cell line in vitro, with IC50 values of 23.95 µM and 32.70 µM, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071709
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Screening of Key Indices and the Gene Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Related to Salt Tolerance in Salix matsudana Seedlings
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 754-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 754-
    Abstract: Pot experiments were performed to comparatively study the differences in 16 salt tolerance indices between the seedlings of six Salix matsudana clones under the stress of various concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%), including the salt injury index, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf water content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The salt-tolerant clones and key indices of salt tolerance were selected. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the selected salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones under salt stress, and the links between the physiological indices of salt tolerance and gene expression were analyzed. Results: (1) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate were closely related to the salt tolerance of Salix matsudana at the seedling stage. The regression equation was constructed as follows: salt tolerance index (y) = 0.224x10 + 0.216x11 + 0.127x12 + 0.191x7 − 0.187 (x10 = chlorophyll, x11 = SOD, x12 = POD, x7 = net photosynthetic rate). (2) The number of differentially expressed genes between the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones varied with the time of exposure (0 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h) to 200 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress. The most differentially expressed genes in Sm172 were detected upon 24 h vs. 4 h of salt treatment, while the most in Sm6 were in the 24 h vs. 0 h comparison. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that several differentially expressed genes were involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The nine highly expressed transcription factor genes (Sm172-f2p30-2392, Sm172-f2p28-2386, Sm6-f8p60-2372, Sm6-f2p39-2263, Sm6-f16p60-2374, Sm6-f3p60-931, Sm6-f2p60-1067, Sm172-f3p54-1980, and Sm172-f3p54-1980) were closely correlated with the four key indices of salt tolerance. These genes could become genetic resources for salt tolerance breeding of Salix matsudana.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13050754
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 7
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    Structural Exploration on Palmitoyltransferase DHHC3 from Homo sapiens
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 3013-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 3013-
    Abstract: DHHC3 belongs to a family of DHHC palmitoyltransferase, which catalyzes the S-palmitoylation of target proteins by attaching a fatty acyl group to a cysteine. Recently, DHHC3 has been demonstrated to be a promising antitumor target in cancer therapeutics. However, the detailed structure and catalysis mechanism of DHHC3 remain elusive, considering its sequence diversity from the DHHC homologs with known crystal structures. Here, we described the expression and purification of human DHHC3 (hDHHC3) and truncated hDHHC3 with the flexible N-terminal domain (NTD) removed. Purified hDHHC3 proteins were used under various conditions for protein crystallization. LAMTOR1, one of the interacting proteins of hDHHC3 to facilitate the crystallization, was further identified by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation assay. The structural exploration using cryogenic electronic microscopy (cryo-EM) on the inactive hDHHS3 mutant showed a typical sideview of membrane proteins. These results provide a preliminary guidance for the structural determination of DHHC3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14153013
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Molecular Characterization of HN1304M, a Cat Que Virus Isolated from Midges in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1049-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1049-
    Abstract: The Cat Que orthobunyavirus has been found in mosquitoes, birds, pigs, and humans, suggesting its wide range of hosts and potential public health implications. During arbovirus surveillance in 2013, the HN1304M virus was isolated from naturally occurring Culicoides biting midges in Hunan Province, southern China. The virus was cytopathic to BHK-21 cells and showed stable passage, but was not cytopathic to C6/36 cells. Determination and analysis of the viral genome sequence revealed that HN1304M is an RNA virus with three gene segments, namely, L, M, and S. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies of HN1304M to Cat Que viruses in the Manzanilla species complex were 90.3–99.4%, and 95–100%, respectively, while the homologies to other viruses in this species complex were 74–86.6% and 78.1–96.1%, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the viral genes revealed that HN1304M formed an evolutionary branch with other Cat Que viruses isolated from mosquitoes, pigs, birds, and humans, which was completely independent of the other viruses in this complex. The fact that the Cat Que virus was isolated from Culicoides suggests that biting midges may participate in the natural circulation of Cat Que viruses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Phage-Display Based Discovery and Characterization of Peptide Ligands against WDR5
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 1225-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 1225-
    Abstract: WD40 is a ubiquitous domain presented in at least 361 human proteins and acts as scaffold to form protein complexes. Among them, WDR5 protein is an important mediator in several protein complexes to exert its functions in histone modification and chromatin remodeling. Therefore, it was considered as a promising epigenetic target involving in anti-cancer drug development. In view of the protein–protein interaction nature of WDR5, we initialized a campaign to discover new peptide-mimic inhibitors of WDR5. In current study, we utilized the phage display technique and screened with a disulfide-based cyclic peptide phage library. Five rounds of biopanning were performed and isolated clones were sequenced. By analyzing the sequences, total five peptides were synthesized for binding assay. The four peptides are shown to have the moderate binding affinity. Finally, the detailed binding interactions were revealed by solving a WDR5-peptide cocrystal structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Chemical Genetics of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2013-01-28), p. 1704-1719
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2013-01-28), p. 1704-1719
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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