Note: Cover -- Prelims -- Contents -- Preface -- About the editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 - The history of the medicinal capsule -- Introduction -- Invention of the gelatin capsule -- Improved methods of manufacture of one-piece gelatin capsules -- Developments in the use of one-piece gelatin capsules -- Invention of the hard gelatin capsule -- Development of hard gelatin capsules -- Use of capsules as a dosage form -- Enteric capsules -- References -- Chapter 2 - Gelatin: manufacture and physico-chemical properties -- Structure of collagen -- Conversion of collagen to gelatin -- Commercial manufacture of gelatin -- Collagenous raw material and its pretreatment -- Conditioning of collagen -- Filtration and clarification -- Deionisation -- Concentration -- Sterilisation -- Chilling and drying -- Grinding, sieving and blending -- BSE legislation relating to gelatin -- Molecular weight of gelatin -- Acidic and basic properties -- Gel strength -- Nature of the gelatin gel -- Properties of gelatin films -- Chemical interactions in gelatin solutions -- Tests and specifications for gelatin -- References -- Chapter 3 - Gelatin alternatives and additives -- Gelatin alternatives -- Colouring agents -- Plasticizers -- Process and performance aids -- Preservatives -- Sterilising agents -- Capsule shell coatings and treatments -- References -- Chapter 4 - Manufacture and properties of two-piece hard capsules -- Introduction -- The manufacturing process -- Quality control -- Types of hard capsules -- Properties of hard capsules -- References -- Chapter 5 - Powder, granule and pellet properties for filling of two-piece hard capsules -- Introduction -- Powder properties -- Powder flow and packing properties -- Filling of granules and pellets -- What cannot be filled into hard shell capsules? -- References -- Chapter 6 - Dry filling of hard capsules. , Introduction -- Manually operated bench-top equipment -- Capsule rectification, opening and closing on fully automated capsule-filling machinery -- Direct filling methods for powders and granules -- Indirect filling methods for powders and granules -- Filling of pellets -- Filling of tablets -- Filling of combinations of powders, pellets and tablets -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 - Instrumented capsule-filling machines and simulators -- Introduction -- Instrumentation of capsule-filling equipment -- Instrumentation of dosator tube capsule-filling equipment -- Instrumentation of dosing disk capsule-filling machines -- The simulation of capsule-filling equipment -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 - Capsule processing and packing -- Introduction -- Capsule check-weighing machines -- Thermoforming machines -- Chapter 9 - Filling of liquids and semi-solids into hard two-piece capsules -- Introduction -- Liquid and semi-solid matrix formulation -- Capsule-filling properties -- Capsule-filling technology -- Sealing of two-piece capsules -- Drug delivery -- Drugs with specific formulation problems -- Stability issues -- Alternatives to gelatin for two-piece capsules -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 - Technology to manufacture soft capsules -- Introduction -- Manufacturing methods -- References -- Chapter 11 - Formulation and physical properties of soft capsules -- Introduction -- Soft gelatin capsules -- Non-gelatin soft capsules -- Analytical approaches for soft capsule testing -- References -- Chapter 12 - Drug release from capsules -- Concepts of bioavailability -- Administration of hard gelatin capsule products -- Bioavailability of hard gelatin capsule products -- Formulation and the release of drugs from hard gelatin capsules -- Drug release from soft gelatin capsules -- Liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules. , Controlled-release capsule preparations -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 - Capsule standards -- Pharmacopoeial standards -- Industrial standards -- Physical standards for capsules -- Standards for filled hard capsules -- References.

Note: Cover -- Book Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editor's Foreword -- Preface -- About Time -- Using the Yearbook of Astronomy as an Observing Guide -- The Monthly Star Charts -- Northern Hemisphere Star Charts -- Southern Hemisphere Star Charts -- The Planets in 2023 Lynne Marie Stockman -- Mars January to August 2023 -- Jupiter January to December 2023 -- Saturn January to December 2023 -- Uranus January to December 2023 -- Neptune January to December 2023 -- Phases of the Moon in 2023 -- Eclipses in 2023 -- Some Events in 2023 -- Monthly Sky Notes and Articles -- Evening Apparition of Venus October 2022 to August 2023 -- Monthly Sky Notes January -- Graduate Students and the Nobel Prize David M. Harland -- Monthly Sky Notes February -- Giant Leaps for Small Change Carolyn Kennett -- Monthly Sky Notes March -- The Incomparable Sir Patrick Moore Neil Haggath -- Monthly Sky Notes April -- Biela's Comet Life After Death? Neil Norman -- Monthly Sky Notes May -- Magnetars John McCue -- Monthly Sky Notes June -- Passion for the Stars The Life and Legacy of William Tyler Olcott Richard H. Sanderson -- Monthly Sky Notes July -- A Man (and a Woman) on the Moon John McCue -- Monthly Sky Notes August -- Morning Apparition of Venus - August 2023 to June 2024 -- Shining a Light on Jupiter's Atmosphere Lynne Marie Stockman and David Harper -- Monthly Sky Notes September -- The Letter that Proved the Island Universe Theory David M. Harland -- Monthly Sky Notes October -- The Diary of a Long Distance Pioneer Peter Rea -- Monthly Sky Notes November -- Did We Receive A Radio Signal From Proxima Centauri? David M. Harland -- Monthly Sky Notes December -- A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Seattle David Harper -- Comets in 2023 Neil Norman -- Minor Planets in 2023 Neil Norman -- Meteor Showers in 2023 Neil Norman -- Article Section. , Recent Advances in Astronomy Rod Hine -- Recent Advances in Solar System Exploration Peter Rea -- Anniversaries in 2023 Neil Haggath -- Betelgeuse Tracie Heywood -- Optical SETI at Harvard David M. Harland -- A Brief History of the End of the Universe David Harper -- The Evolution of "Multi-Pixel" Radio Telescopes Rod Hine -- Mission to Mars Countdown to Building a Brave New World The Bare Necessities of Life Martin Braddock -- The Ability to Believe The Bizarre Worlds of Astronomical Antireality Neil Haggath -- The Astronomers' Stars Life in the Fast Lane Lynne Marie Stockman -- Elijah Hinsdale Burritt Geographer of the Heavens Richard H. Sanderson -- The Future of Spaceflight Andrew P. B. Lound -- Male Family Mentors for Women in Astronomy Caroline and William Herschel Mary McIntyre -- The Closing of Historic Observatories Harold A. McAlister -- Miscellaneous -- Some Interesting Variable Stars Tracie Heywood -- Some Interesting Double Stars Brian Jones -- Some Interesting Nebulae, Star Clusters and Galaxies Brian Jones -- Astronomical Organizations -- Our Contributors -- Society for the History of Astronomy (Advertisement) -- Friends of the Royal Astronomical Society (Advertisement) -- The Planetary Society (Advertisement) -- British Astronomical Association (Advertisement) -- Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand (Advertisement) -- Society for Popular Astronomy (Advertisement) -- American Association of Variable Star Observers (Advertisement) -- The Commission for Dark Skies (Advertisement) -- The Federation of Astronomical Societies (Advertisement) -- Back cover.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editor's Foreword -- Preface -- About Time -- Using the Yearbook of Astronomy as an Observing Guide -- The Monthly Star Charts -- Northern Hemisphere Star Charts David Harper -- Southern Hemisphere Star Charts David Harper -- The Planets in 2022 Lynne Marie Stockman -- Some Events in 2022 -- Phases of the Moon in 2022 -- Eclipses in 2022 -- Monthly Sky Notes and Articles 2022 -- Monthly Sky Notes January -- Morning Apparition of Venus - January 2022 to October 2022 -- Mars - January 2022 to June 2022 -- Joseph Ward: New Zealand Polymath John McCue -- Monthly Sky Notes February -- Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn David M. Harland -- Monthly Sky Notes March -- A True Pioneer of Planetary Exploration Neil Haggath -- Monthly Sky Notes April -- Biela's Comet: A Tale of Two Parts Neil Norman -- Monthly Sky Notes May -- Maximilian Hell: A Legacy in Transit Richard Hill -- Monthly Sky Notes June -- Margherita Hack Mary McIntyre -- Monthly Sky Notes July -- Gravity Assists: Something for Nothing? Peter Rea -- Monthly Sky Notes August -- Saturn - January 2022 to December 2022 -- U.S. Mints Celestial Themes Carolyn Kennett -- Monthly Sky Notes September -- Jupiter - January 2022 to December 2022 -- Neptune - January 2022 to December 2022 -- Early Astronomy Stamps from Brazil Katrin Raynor-Evans -- Monthly Sky Notes October -- Evening Apparition of Venus - October 2022 to August 2023 -- Mills Observatory Katrin Raynor-Evans -- Monthly Sky Notes November -- Uranus in 2022 -- The Hoba West Meteorite Susan Stubbs -- Monthly Sky Notes December -- Mars - July 2022 to January 2023 -- The Next 'Small Step' David M. Harland -- Comets in 2022 Neil Norman -- Minor Planets in 2022 Neil Norman -- Meteor Showers in 2022 Neil Norman -- Article Section -- Astronomy in 2021 Rod Hine -- Solar System Exploration in 2021 Peter Rea. , Anniversaries in 2022 Neil Haggath -- The Yearbook of Astronomy Cover Image: 1962 and 2022 Steve Brown -- A History of the Amateur Astronomical Society: 1962 to 2022 Allan Chapman -- Expanding Cosmic Horizons Martin Rees -- The Astronomers' Stars: A Study in Scarlet Lynne Marie Stockman -- Frank Drake and His Equation David M. Harland -- Remote Observing and Imaging Damian Peach -- Skies Over Ancient America P. Clay Sherrod -- Tycho Brahe and the Parallax of Mars David Harper -- A Tale of Two Henrys and the Search for Their Great Telescopes Gary Yule -- Mission to Mars: Countdown to Building a Brave New World: Laying the Foundations Martin Braddock -- Ad Astra: A Personal Journey David H. Levy -- Internet Satellites: Less Welcome Constellations? Bob Mizon -- Miscellaneous -- Some Interesting Variable Stars Tracie Heywood -- Some Interesting Double Stars Brian Jones -- Some Interesting Nebulae, Clusters and Galaxies Brian Jones -- Astronomical Organizations -- Our Contributors -- Sky & -- Telescope (Advertisement) -- Yearbook of Astronomy 2017 (Advertisement).

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editors’ Foreword -- Preface -- About Time -- Using the Yearbook of Astronomy as an Observing Guide -- The Monthly Star Charts -- Northern Hemisphere Star Charts -- Southern Hemisphere Star Charts -- Phases of the Moon in 2018 -- Eclipses in 2018 -- Monthly Sky Notes and Articles 2018 -- January -- The Double Blue Moon of 2018 David Harper -- February -- The James Webb Space Telescope Richard Pearson -- March -- A Closer Look at Antlia and Pyxis Brian Jones -- April -- Fate or Destiny Richard Pearson -- May -- The Royal Greenwich Observatory Richard Pearson -- June -- A Closer Look at Corona Borealis Brian Jones -- July -- Mars at Opposition Richard Pearson -- August -- Life on the Moon Richard Pearson -- September -- A Closer Look at Sculptor Brian Jones -- October -- Mission to Mercury: BepiColombo Richard Pearson -- November -- Edmond Halley: A Question of Pronunciation Brian Jones -- December -- Gaia and the Distances of the Stars Richard Pearson -- Comets in 2018 Neil Norman -- Minor Planets in 2018 Neil Norman -- Meteor Showers in 2018 Neil Norman -- Article Section -- Astronomy in 2017 Rod Hine -- Solar System Exploration in 2017 Peter Rea -- Anniversaries in 2018 Neil Haggath -- Comets and How to Photograph Them Damian Peach -- Double and Multiple Stars John McCue -- Some Pioneering Lady Astronomers Mike Frost -- Is There Still a Place for Art in Astronomy? David A Hardy -- Supermassive Black Holes David M Harland -- Modern Video Astronomy Steve Wainwright -- Miscellaneous -- Some Interesting Variable Stars Roger Pickard -- Some Interesting Double Stars Brian Jones -- Some Interesting Nebulae, Star Clusters and Galaxies Brian Jones -- Astronomical Organizations -- Our Contributors -- Glossary Brian Jones.