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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Bodenströmungen und Schichtungsverhältnisse in der nördlichen Kieler Bucht im März 1978 : = Near bottom currents and stratification in the north Kiel Bight during March 1978/ von W. Zenk ... (1979)
    Kiel : Institut für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 27 Bl , graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 69
    Language: German
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 27
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Beobachtungen und erste Ergebnisse der "Meteor"-Reise 56 aus der Scotia-See und der Bransfield-Straße im November/Dezember 1980 (ANT I): ein nautischer und wissenschaftlicher Bericht (1981)
    Kiel : Institut für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VI, 73 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 80
    Language: German
    Note: Mit engl. Zsfassung
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in Atlantic equatorial current variability (1987)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 40 (1987), S. 261-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden zweimonatliche Bathythermographenschnitte zwischen Europa und Brasilien vom September 1980 bis Mai 1984 vorgestellt. Die Daten werden zur Darstellung eines mehrjährigen Trends im oberflächennahen äquatorialen Stromsystem verwandt, welches senkrecht zu den Schnitten liegt. Unter Ausnutzung einer mittleren Temperatur-Salzgehaltsbeziehung werden die Temperaturprofile in Dichteprofile überführt. Aus diesen wird die dynamische Tiefe (0/300 dbar) errechnet. In Äquatornähe wird eine rechnerische Näherung für die geostrophischen Ströme verwandt. Ferner wird ein Spline-Interpolationsverfahren für die raumzeitliche Herleitung der quasi-meridionalen Strömungsverteilung genutzt. Das äquatoriale Stromsystem wird als eine Zeitserie der dynamischen Tiefe und der geostrophischen Ströme dargestellt.
    Abstract: Résumé Des coupes thermiques au moyen de Bathythermographes à tête perdue (XBT) entre l'Europe et le Brésil environ deux fois par mois de septembre 1980 à mai 1984 sont utilisées pour caracteriser des tendances dans les courants géostrophiques équatoriaux perpendiculaires à ces coupes. Les profils de température dans les couches superficielles sont convertis en profils de densité au moyen de relations temperature-salinité moyennes, et permettent de calculer la hauteur dynamique 0/300 db. Après interpolation (spline) dans le temps et l'espace, on obtient une série spatio-temporelle, présentée sous la forme de cartes trimestrielles de hauteurs dynamiques et de courants géostrophiques.
    Notes: Summary Approximately twice-monthly expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections between Europe and Brazil, are used to characterize trends in the equatorial geostrophic surface currents orthogonal to the sections between September, 1980 and May, 1984. Using mean temperature-salinity relationships the upper layer temperature profiles are converted to density and used to compute 0/300 db dynamic height. Applying a second derivative method, at and near the equator, geostrophic surface currents are computed along each quasimeridional XBT section and time/space series of the equatorial currents are developed using spline interpolations in both time and space. Equatorial currents are mapped as time series of dynamic height and geostrophic current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226280
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On simultaneous measurements with rotor, wing and acoustic current meters, moored in shallow water (1980)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 33 (1980), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwei benachbarten Verankerungen waren in der Kieler Bucht vier verschiedene Strommessertypen 22 Tage lang verankert. Es handelte sich um zwei Rotorstrommesser vom Typ Aanderaa und VACM (vektormittelnder Strommesser), einen akustischen Strommesser nach Gytre sowie um einen Pendelstrommesser nach Niskin. Das VACM-Gerät mit Auftrieb in 7 m Tiefe wurde als Bezugsinstrument verwendet. Während der ersten 17 Tage befand sich der Auftrieb der zweiten Verankerung in 5 m Tiefe. Um die Verankerung den Oberflächenwellen auszusetzen, wurde der Auftrieb während der letzten 5 Tage auf 2,7 m Tiefe verlegt. Der Niskin-Flügelstrommesser wurde am meisten von der welleninduzierten Verankerungsbewegung beeinflußt. Das Gytre-Instrument zeigte den geringsten Oberflächenwelleneffekt. Die Vektorvarianz dieses Gerätes an der oberflächenbeeinflußten Verankerung in 7,4 m Tiefe war ungefähr dieselbe wie diejenige des VACM-Gerätes auf 10 m Tiefe in der Bezugsverankerung.
    Abstract: Résumé Sur deux sites très voisins de la Baie de Kiel, quatre courantomètres de types différents ont été mouillés pendant 22 jours: Deux à rotor (Aanderaa et à «intégration vectorielle» (VACM)), un acoustique (conçu par Gytre) et un à ailettes (conçu par Niskin). Le courantomètre VACM fut utilisé sur le premier site comme instrument de référence avec une immersion de 7 m. Sur le second site, l'immersion a été de 5 m pendant les 17 premiers jours de l'expérience mais ramenée à 2,7 m dans les 5 derniers jours pour rendre les mouillages plus sensibles aux mouvements de surface. Le courantomètre à ailettes Niskin se révèla le plus sensible aux effets dûs à la houle. Le Gytre se montra le moins sensible à ces mouvements. Les fluctuations de cet instrument à l'immersion 7,4 m étaient à peu près égales à celles du VACM à 10 m, sur le site de référence.
    Notes: Summary In two closely spaced moorings in the Kiel Bight, four different current meterstwo rotor current meters (Aanderaa and Vector averaging), an acoustic current meter (designed by Gytre), and a pendulum current meter (designed by Niskin) were moored for 22 days. The Vector averaging current meter (VACM) was used as reference instrument on one mooring with the floatation at 7 m depth. The floatation of the second mooring was at 5 m depth in the first 17 days of the experiment, but in 2.7 m depth in the last 5 days to make their mooring more effected by surface waves. The Niskin wing current meter was most effected by wave-induced mooring motion. The Gytre instrument showed the smallest surface-wave effects. The vector variances of this instrument in 7.4 m depth on the surface-wave effected mooring and those of the VACM in 10 m depth on the reference mooring were about equal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02225955
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some XBT-observations on the thermal structure of theWarmwassersphäre in equatorial and lower latitudes of the eastern Atlantic (1982)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 35 (1982), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zussaenfassung Im November 1980 und März 1981 wurden auf Versorgungsfahrten zur Antarktis zwei lange XBT-Schnitte gewonnen. Sie verlaufen zwischen der Iberischen Halbinsel und dem äquatorialen brasilianischen Schelf beziehungsweise der Kapregion von Südafrika. Die meisten Sonden reichten bis zu einer Meßtiefe von 800 m, so daß Aussagen zur thermischen Schichtung und horizontalen Gliederung der Warmwassersphäre im offenen Ozean möglich wurden. Wir vergleichen unsere neuen Daten mit einer Reihe von früher gewonnenen Schnitten. Als Ergebnis erhalten wir fünf unterschiedliche hydrographische Regionen. Zone 1 ist gekennzeichnet durch den klaren Einfluß des Mittelmeerausstromes, der an der Unterseite der Warmwassersphäre westlich Portugals unterhalb von 300 m nahezu thermostatische Bedingungen schafft. Die anschließende Zone 2 ist identisch mit der Subtropenkonvergenz, innerhalb derer die Warmwasserphäre ihre Maximaltiefe (15-°C-Isotherme bei etwa 300 m) erreicht. Die äquatoriale Region nennen wir Zone 3. Es wird eine überarbeitete Darstellung der Strömungs- und Temperaturschichtungsverhältnisse dieser Region gegeben. Die Zone 4 ist durch den Benguela Strom und seine nördlichen Ausläufer geprägt. In der letzten Zone 5 wird der Einfluß des Agulhas-Strom-Ausläufers auf die Schichtung vorgestellt.
    Abstract: Résumé En novembre 1980 et mars 1981 on a obtenu deux longues sections XBT pendant des voyages d'approvisionnement à l'Antarctique. Les sections passent entre la péninsule Ibérique et le plateau équatorial brasilien et entre la péninsule Ibérique et la région du Cap de l'Afrique du Sud respectivement. La plupart des sondes descendaient jusqu' à 800 m, ce qui a permis d'obtenir des renseignements sur la stratification thermique et la structure horizontale de laWarmwassersphäre en haute mer. Nous avons comparé nos nouvelles données avec une série de sections obtenues plus tôt. Nous en avons obtanu comme résultat cinq zones hydrographiques. La zone 1 est caractérisée par l'influence évidente du courant profond de la Méditerranée sur la côté inférieure de laWarmwassersphäre, ce qui crée des conditions presque thermostatiques aux profondeurs excédant 300 m à l'ouest du Portugal. La zone 2 adjacente est identique à la convergence subtropicale, où laWarmwassersphäre atteint sa profondeur maximale (isotherme de 15°C à environ 300 m). Nous désignons la région équatoriale la zone 3, et nous présentons un schéma révisé des systèmes des courants et des stratifications thermiques de cette zone. La zone 4 est marquée par le courant Benguela et son extension vers le nord. Dans la zone 5 nous présentons l'influence de l'extension du courant Agulhas sur la stratification.
    Notes: Summary Two megameter long XBT sections passing through the Atlantic between the Iberian Peninsula and the equatorial Brazilian shelf, and between the Peninsula and the Cape region of South Africa were obtained during supply cruises to the antarctic in November 1980 and March 1981. Most of the individual probes reached an observation depth of nearly 800 m allowing statements on the thermal stratification and zonation of theWarmwassersphäre in the open ocean. Our new data are compared with a number of earlier long sections. As a general result we identify five zones dividing different hydrographic regions. Zone 1 is characterized by the clear influence of the Mediternean Undercurrent on the lower boundary of theWarmwasserphäre creating nearly thermostatic conditions below 300 m off Portugal. The adjacent zone 2 is identical with the Subtropical Convergence, where theWarmwassersphäre reaches its maximum depth (15°C isotherm at about 300 m). We call the equatorial region zone 3 and present an improved scheme of its current system and its thermal stratification. Zone 4 is marked by the Benguela Current and its northern extension. In a final zone 5 we show the influence of the Agulhas Current extension on the stratification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226270
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  • 6
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    The complex spreading pattern of Mediterranean Water off the Portuguese continental slope (1990)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 37 (12). pp. 1805-1823.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Two stacked outflow cores of the Mediterranean Water undercurrent pass through a broad “gateway” between Cape St. Vincent and Gettysburg Bank entering the Iberian Basin. The upper core (depth ∼750 m, σ1=31.85) shows a strong tendency to follow the contours of the Portuguese continental rise. Yet, the lower core (depth ∼1250 m, σ1=32.25) primarily meanders west and northwestward forming large blobs of Mediterranean Water. The predominance of isolated Meddy structures embedded in a background field is reflected in a long-term current meter record from the deep Iberian Basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90079-B
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Seven-year current meter record in the eastern North Atlantic (1988)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 35 (8). pp. 1259-1268.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Continuous current measurements at the 1000 m level were obtained in the central Canary Basin of the northeast Atlantic near 33°N, 22°W for 2398 days. Even with this very long time series no statistically significant mean current could be estimated at that level, because the energetic fluctuations are large compared to the weak mean. In the eddy scale range, i.e. at current fluctuations are scales between 47 and 455 days, a pronounced anisotropy between zonal and meridional components is apparent. For the first time in the subtropical North Atlantic gyre our data allow confirmation of the expected spectral decrease beyond the eddy scale peak in an eastern basin. With respect to future global experiments we wonder if our results from an eastern basin location are representative for the general circulation at mid-ocean sites?
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(88)90082-9
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  • 8
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    Westward bottom currents along the margin of the South Shetland Island Arc (1988)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 35 (2). pp. 269-301.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Existing information is synthesized and new data presented to describe the flow of near-bottom water from the Weddell Sea into the Scotia Sea and westward through Drake Passage along the continental slope. The water characteristics and currents along the northern margins of the South Sandwich Island Arc are examined. Long-term current measurements in the bottom waters at locations over the outer shelf and slope and along the continental rise show persistent flow from Atlantic to Pacific along isobaths at speeds of 10–20 cm s−1. Three sources for the waters in these currents are identified and discussed. At the deepest levels, Weddell Sea Deep Water enters the Scotia Sea near 40°W through a depression in the South Scotia Arc and then flows westward, constrained by the bottom topography. This cold, fresh, oxygenated bottom water then flows west to enter Drake Passage via a gap in the Shackleton Fracture Zone at the base of the continental slope northwest of Elephant Island. Mid-depth water may flow from the Weddell Sea to the Scotia Sea through the Powell Basin (sill depth approximately 2000 m) located west of South Orkney Island near 48°W. The westward flowing waters along the shelf and upper continental slope, which are denser than those immediately offshore, may be a continuation of the Polar Slope Current from the Weddell Sea or may be derived principally by convection from the shelves of the South Sandwich Island Arc. A vertical section north of Elephant Island shows downslope convection off the shelf, analogous to the observed at many locations around Antartica.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(88)90040-4
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  • 9
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    On simultaneous measurements with rotor, wing and acoustic current meters, moored in shallow water (1980)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 33 (1). pp. 1-18.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In two closely spaced moorings in the Kiel Bight, four different current meterstwo rotor current meters (Aanderaa and Vector averaging), an acoustic current meter (designed by Gytre), and a pendulum current meter (designed by Niskin) were moored for 22 days. The Vector averaging current meter (VACM) was used as reference instrument on one mooring with the floatation at 7 m depth. The floatation of the second mooring was at 5 m depth in the first 17 days of the experiment, but in 2.7 m depth in the last 5 days to make their mooring more effected by surface waves. The Niskin wing current meter was most effected by wave-induced mooring motion. The Gytre instrument showed the smallest surface-wave effects. The vector variances of this instrument in 7.4 m depth on the surface-wave effected mooring and those of the VACM in 10 m depth on the reference mooring were about equal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02225955
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  • 10
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    Sedimentation of particulate matter during a phytoplankton spring bloom in relation to the hydrographical regime (1978)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 47 (3). pp. 211-226.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Data presented and discussed here were collected continuously during April/May 1975 in the Bornholm Basin of the Baltic Sea. Sedimentation rates of particulate matter were recorded with 5 multisample sediment traps from different depths in the water column at 2 positions 170 km apart. Current meter data collected during the same period and depths indicated that the positions remained hydrographically distinct during the investigation. Particulate matter from the euphotic zone including diatom cells formed the bulk of the material collected by all traps. This flux of organic particles to the bottom was unimpeded by the strong density stratification present in the water column. The upper traps always collected less material than lower ones. This paradox has been ascribed to diminishing current speeds with depth, concomitant with an increase in sinking rates of phytoplankton and phytodetritus. Both factors influence the sampling efficiency of sediment traps, which are thought to have underestimated actual sedimentation rates here. A time lag of 2 to 3 weeks in bloom development seemed responsible for the characteristic differences between the two positions. The phase of major sedimentation at one position covered about 18 days, and a distinct sequence in the composition of the material collected by the 6 glasses of each trap indicated phases of a progressively deteriorating phytoplankton population in the water column contributing the particulate material. A total of 6.2 g C m-2 in 34 days was recorded at this station. Apart from a trap situated in an oxygen deficient layer which collected 0.44 g C m-2 of zooplankton corpses, zooplankton mortality was overestimated by the traps. Large-scale sedimencation of “fresh” organic matter produced by the spring bloom is probably a regular feature in areas with low over-wintering zooplankton populations and, as such, possibly has a direct stimulatory effect on growth and reproduction of the benthos.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00541000
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