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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Kleine Lebewesen mit grosser Bedeutung : wie Mikroben Prozesse im Meeresboden beeinflussen ; Begleitheft zum Vortrag [am 24. November 2010] (2010)
    Kiel : Ozean der Zukunft, Die Kieler Meereswissenschaften
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: [16] S. , zahlr. Ill..
    Series Statement: Kinder- und Schüleruni Kiel : für Schülerinnen und Schüler von 12 bis 16 Jahren 2010.10,20
    Language: German
    Note: Auch als elektronisches Dokument vorhanden
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kleine Lebewesen mit grosser Bedeutung : wie Mikroben Prozesse im Meeresboden beeinflussen ; Begleitheft zum Vortrag [am 24. November 2010] (2010)
    Kiel : Ozean der Zukunft, Die Kieler Meereswissenschaften
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressouce (PDF-Datein : 16 S., 1 MB) , zahlr. Ill..
    Series Statement: Kinder- und Schüleruni Kiel : für Schülerinnen und Schüler von 12 bis 16 Jahren 2010.10,20
    URL: http://www.ozean-der-zukunft.de/ausstellung-und-schule/schulprogramme/treude-vortrag/
    Language: German
    Note: Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorhanden
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  • 3
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    Elasmobranch egg capsules associated with modern and ancient cold seeps: a nursery for marine deep-water predators (2011)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 437 . pp. 175-181.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: At 2 modern deep-water cold-seep sites, the North Alex Mud Volcano (eastern Mediterranean Sea, water depth ~500 m) and the Concepción Methane Seep Area (south-east Pacific Ocean, water depth ~700 m), we found abundant catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scylio - rhinidae) and skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) egg capsules, respectively, associated with carbonates and tubeworms. Fossilized catshark egg capsules were found at the 35 million year old Bear River Cold-Seep Deposit (Washington State, USA) closely associated with remains of tubeworms and sponges. We suggest that cold-seep ecosystems have served as nurseries for predatory elasmobranch fishes since at least late Eocene time and therewith possibly play an important role for the functioning of deep-water ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: video
    Format: video
    DOI: 10.3354/meps09305
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Burrowing deeper into the benthic nitrogen cycling: the impact of bioturbation on nitrogen fixation coupled to sulfate reduction (2010)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409 . pp. 1-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-21
    Description: Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is the primary input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the marine biosphere, making it an essential process contributing to the biological functions of all organisms. Because biologically available N often limits marine productivity, microbial processes leading to its loss and gain (e.g. denitrification and N2 fixation, respectively) play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Bioturbation is known to influence benthic N cycling, most often reported as enhancement of denitrification and a subsequent loss of N2 from the system. N2 fixation has rarely been addressed in bioturbation studies. Instead, sedimentary N2 fixation typically has been considered important in relatively rare, localized habitats such as rhizosphere and phototrophic microbial mat environments. However, the potential for N2 fixation in marine sediments may be more widespread. We show here that nitrogenase activity can be very high (up to 5 nmol C2H4 cm–3 h–1) in coastal sediments bioturbated by the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis and at depths below 5 cm. Integrated subsurface N2-fixation rates were greater than those previously found for un-vegetated estuarine sediments and were comparable to rates from photosynthetic microbial mats and rhizospheres. Inhibition experiments and genetic analysis showed that this activity was mainly linked to sulfate reduction. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread and abundant in marine sediments, with many possessing the genetic capacity to fix N2. Our results show that N2 fixation by SRB in bioturbated sediments may be an important process leading to new N input into marine sediments. Given the ubiquity of bioturbation and of SRB in marine sediments, this overlooked benthic N2 fixation may play an important role in marine N and carbon (C) cycles.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps08639
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Biogeochemistry of a deep-sea whale fall: sulfate reduction, sulfide efflux and methanogenesis (2009)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 382 . pp. 1-21.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: Deep-sea whale falls create sulfidic habits Supporting chemoautotrophic communities, but microbial processes underlying the formation Of Such habitats remain poorly evaluated. Microbial degradation processes (sulfate reduction, methanogenesis) and biogeochemical gradients were studied in a whale-fall habitat created by a 30 t whale carcass deployed at 1675 m depth for 6 to 7 yr on the California margin. A variety of measurements were conducted including photomosaicking, microsensor measurements, radio-tracer incubations and geochemical analyses. Sediments were Studied at different distances (0 to 9 in) from the whale fall. Highest microbial activities and steepest vertical geochemical gradients were found within 0.5 m of the whale fall, revealing ex situ sulfate reduction and in vitro methanogenesis rates of up to 717 and 99 mmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively. In sediments containing whale biomass, methanogenesis was equivalent to 20 to 30%, of sulfate reduction. During in vitro sediment studies, sulfide and methane were produced within days to weeks after addition of whale biomass, indicating that chemosynthesis is promoted at early stages of the whale fall. Total sulfide production from sediments within 0.5 m of the whale fall was 2.1 +/- 3 and 1.5 +/- 2.1 mol d(-1) in Years 6 and 7, respectively, of which similar to 200 mmol d(-1) were available as free sulfide. Sulfate reduction in bones was much lower, accounting for a total availability of similar to 10 mmol sulfide d(-1). Over periods of at least 7 yr, whale falls can create sulfidic conditions similar to other chemosynthetic habitats Such as cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps07972
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Burrowing deeper into benthic nitrogen cycling: the impact of bioturbation on nitrogen fixation coupled to sulfate reduction (2010)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409 . pp. 1-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-14
    Description: Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is the primary input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the marine biosphere, making it an essential process contributing to the biological functions of all organisms. Because biologically available N often limits marine productivity, microbial processes leading to its loss and gain (e.g. denitrification and N2 fixation, respectively) play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Bioturbation is known to influence benthic N cycling, most often reported as enhancement of denitrification and a subsequent loss of N2 from the system. N2 fixation has rarely been addressed in bioturbation studies. Instead, sedimentary N2 fixation typically has been considered important in relatively rare, localized habitats such as rhizosphere and phototrophic microbial mat environments. However, the potential for N2 fixation in marine sediments may be more widespread. We show here that nitrogenase activity can be very high (up to 5 nmol C2H4 cm–3 h–1) in coastal sediments bioturbated by the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis and at depths below 5 cm. Integrated subsurface N2-fixation rates were greater than those previously found for un-vegetated estuarine sediments and were comparable to rates from photosynthetic microbial mats and rhizospheres. Inhibition experiments and genetic analysis showed that this activity was mainly linked to sulfate reduction. Sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread and abundant in marine sediments, with many possessing the genetic capacity to fix N2. Our results show that N2 fixation by SRB in bioturbated sediments may be an important process leading to new N input into marine sediments. Given the ubiquity of bioturbation and of SRB in marine sediments, this overlooked benthic N2 fixation may play an important role in marine N and carbon (C) cycles.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps08639
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Anaerobic oxidation of methane above gas hydrates (2003)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 264 . pp. 1-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-02
    Description: At Hydrate Ridge (HR), Cascadia convergent margin, surface sediments contain massive gas hydrates formed from methane that ascends together with fluids along faults from deeper reservoirs. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), mediated by a microbial consortium of archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria, generates high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the surface sediments. The production of sulfide supports chemosynthetic communities that gain energy from sulfide oxidation. Depending on fluid flow, the surface communities are dominated either by the filamentous sulfur bacteria Beggiatoa (high advective flow), the clam Calyptogena (low advective flow), or the bivalve Acharax (diffusive flow). We analyzed surface sediments (0 to 10 cm) populated by chemosynthetic communities for AOM, sulfate reduction (SR) and the distribution of the microbial consortium mediating AOM. Highest AOM rates were found at the Beggiatoa field with an average rate of 99 mmol m-2 d-1 integrated over 0 to 10 cm. These rates are among the highest AOM rates ever observed in methane-bearing marine sediments. At the Calyptogena field, AOM rates were lower (56 mmol m-2 d-1). At the Acharax field, methane oxidation was extremely low (2.1 mmol m-2 d-1) and was probably due to aerobic methane oxidation. SR was fueled largely by methane at flow-impacted sites, but exceeded AOM in some cases, most likely due to sediment heterogeneity. At the Acharax field, SR was decoupled from methane oxidation and showed low activity. Aggregates of the AOM consortium were abundant at the fluid-impacted sites (between 5.1 × 1012 and 7.9 × 1012 aggregates m-2) but showed low numbers at the Acharax field (0.4 × 1012 aggregates m-2). A transport-reaction model was applied to estimate AOM at Beggiatoa fields. The model agreed with the measured depth integrated AOM rates and the vertical distribution. AOM represents an important methane sink in the surface sediments of HR, consuming between 50 and 100% of the methane transported by advection.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps264001
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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