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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: Coring sediments in subglacial aquatic environments offers unique opportunities for research on paleo-environments and paleo-climates because it can provide data from periods even earlier than ice cores, as well as the overlying ice histories, interactions between ice and the water system, life forms in extreme habitats, sedimentology, and stratigraphy. However, retrieving sediment cores from a subglacial environment faces more difficulties than sediment coring in oceans and lakes, resulting in low yields from the most current subglacial sediment coring methods. The coring tools should pass through a hot water-drilled access borehole, then the water column, to reach the sediment layers. The access boreholes are size-limited by the hot water drilling tools and techniques. These holes are drilled through ice up to 3000–4000 m thick, with diameters ranging from 10–60 cm, and with a refreezing closure rate of up to 6 mm/h after being drilled. Several purpose-built streamline corers have been developed to pass through access boreholes and collect the sediment core. The main coring objectives are as follows: (i) To obtain undisturbed water–sediment cores, either singly or as multi-cores and (ii) to obtain long cores with minimal stratigraphic deformation. Subglacial sediment coring methods use similar tools to those used in lake and ocean coring. These methods include the following: Gravity coring, push coring, piston coring, hammer or percussion coring, vibrocoring, and composite methods. Several core length records have been attained by different coring methods, including a 290 cm percussion core from the sub-ice-shelf seafloor, a 400 cm piston core from the sub-ice-stream, and a 170 cm gravity core from a subglacial lake. There are also several undisturbed water–sediment cores that have been obtained by gravity corers or hammer corers. Most current coring tools are deployed by winch and cable facilities on the ice surface. There are three main limitations for obtaining long sediment cores which determines coring tool development, as follows: Hot-water borehole radial size restriction, the sedimentary structure, and the coring techniques. In this paper, we provide a general view on current developments in coring tools, including the working principles, corer characteristics, operational methods, coring site locations, field conditions, coring results, and possible technical improvements. Future prospects in corer design and development are also discussed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: High-energy physics experiments enable us to explore and understand particle properties and interactions. An increase in luminosity in the accelerator, which allows us to study particles in higher energy ranges, demands faster data transmission and processing. Aimed at this, a high throughput uTCA-compliant electronics module, based on the latest FPGAs, has been designed. It contains 48 10.0 Gb/s optical fiber input channels and 24 10.0 Gb/s optical fiber output channels, supporting up to 480 Gb/s input bandwidth and 240 Gb/s output bandwidth. It complies with the uTCA standards, providing high speed data exchange capability and functioning as a compact and key module in a trigger and DAQ system for a large experiment. A reliable 10.0 Gb/s data transmission among two boards has been verified and one functionality that merges 6 1.6 Gb/s data channels into one single 10.0 Gb/s channel has been achieved. The hardware, firmware and software together with a performance evaluation are...
    Print ISSN: 1674-1137
    Topics: Physics
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