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  • 1
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1994 ; Aquakultur
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: IV, 266 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: European Aquaculture Society special publication 25
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1.Micromesistius poutassou Risso wurde erstmals im März 1964 und mehrmals im Frühjahr 1965 bei Helgoland gefangen. 2. Der Fang fast laichreifer Tiere ermöglichte die Erbrütung der bislang unbekannten Eier. 3. Es werden Angaben über Entwicklungsdauer der Eier und Pigmentierung der Larven gemacht: Die Eidurchmesser liegen bei 1,12 bis 1,25 mm; die frischgeschlüpften Larven sind etwa 2,2 mm lang; die Inkubationszeit beträgt bei 8° C 11 bis 12 Tage. 4. Messungen über Herzschlagfrequenzen und Aktivität der Embryonen wurden bei verschiedenen Temperaturen durchgeführt und diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract In 1964 and 1965 a research vessel using a special “shrimp trawl” with various mesh sizes caught severalM. Poutassou, a fish previously known to occur only in the Atlantic and in the deeper waters of the northern North Sea. Presumably it had not yet been reported in the southern North Sea for two reasons: (a) the large mesh size of the fishing nets used, which may have allowed the fish to slip through, and (b) the failure of fishermen to recognize this rare fish. Two individuals among the 1965 catch were ripe females; one was a ripe male. Successful artificial spawning of these fishes provided an opportunity to study the egg and larval stages ofM. poutassou. Diameters of eggs ranged from 1.12 to 1.25 mm. Total length of freshly hatched larvae was about 2.2 mm. Incubation time was 11 to 12 days at 8° C. Measurements of frequency of heartbeat and locomotory activity of embryos at various temperatures were recorded.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 16 (1967), S. 315-320 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurde die Einwirkung eines Rohöl-Emulgatorgemisches (Irak-Öl/Moltoclar) auf die Larven vonClupea harengus L. undAgonus cataphractus L. sowie auf Wildplankton untersucht. 2. Bei Emulgatorkonzentrationen von 2,5 bis 5,0 mg/l war die Letalitätsgrenze erreicht. 3. Subletale Schädigungen ließen sich bis zu einer Konzentration von 0,5 mg/l deutlich nachweisen. 4. Irak-Rohöl hatte keine schädigenden Wirkungen auf Heringslarven.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of crude oil-emulsifier mixtures on the larvae ofClupea harengus L. andAgonus cataphractus L. are described. The herring larvae tested had total lengths of 20 to 26 mm; the larvae ofAgonus cataphractus were investigated shortly after their first food intake. Samples of wild plankton from daily catches (used as food during rearing experiments) were also tested. The different dilutions were obtained from the following initial mixture: 20 ml emulsifier “Moltoclar”, 80 ml Irak crude oil, 900 ml stale sea water (∼32 S ‰). Dilutions with the following content of the emulsifier were used: 50 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 50µg/l, 5µg/l, 0.5µg/l. Lethal concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Sublethal damages were clearly ascertained down to a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. Irak crude oil alone did not cause damage to herring larvae during the observation period of 4 days.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 16 (1967), S. 112-118 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Herztätigkeit (Anzahl der Pulsationen) der Embryonen des Herings wurde vom Pulsationsbeginn an bis zum Schlüpfen bei 8° und 10° C gemessen. 2. Die Pulsationswerte lassen starke individuelle Unterschiede erkennen. 3. Bei 8° C setzt die Herztätigkeit am 5. Tag nach der Befruchtung ein. Sie erreicht am 6. Tag 17 bis 18 Schläge pro Minute und steigt bis zum Schlüpfen (16. bis 18. Tag) auf 58 bis 66 Schläge an. Regression y=39,9+0,17 (x−274,7) (Abb. 1). 4. Bei 10° C kann der Pulsationsbeginn bereits am 4. Inkubationstag beobachtet werden. Die Herzfrequenz steigt von 20 bis 21 Schläge (5. Tag) auf 55 bis 57 (12. Tag) pro Minute an. Regression y=40,5+0,20 (x−215,4) (Abb. 2). 5. Überführt man 8 Tage alte Embryonen direkt von 10° nach 14° C, so beginnt die Herztätigkeit nach sprunghaftem Anstieg zu undulieren.
    Notes: Abstract In artificially spawned herring eggs (Kiel), embryonic heart activity starts at 8.0°±0.2° C water temperature, slowly and irregularly at the 5th day after fertilization. On the 6th day an average of about 17 beats per minute (±10 to 40 %; maximal ±70 %) is reached. 16 to 18 days after fertilization, heart frequency reaches average values between 58 and 66 beats per minute; regression line: y=39.9+0.17 (x−274.7). When the temperature was kept at 10°±0.1° C during the whole incubation period, the heart began to contract rhythmically at the end of the 4th day after fertilization performing 20 to 21 beats per minute; on the 12th day of incubation, heart activity increased to about 56 beats per minute following the regression line y=40.5+0.20 (x−215.4). A significant decrease in variability during development could not be observed. After the 8th day of incubation, increasing water temperature (from 10° to 14° C) causes considerable undulations of the heart activity curve, following an initial overshoot response.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 13 (1966), S. 213-228 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Dottersacklarven vonSolea solea L. schwimmen sehr unbeholfen und drehen sich während der Schwimmbewegungen häufig um ihre Körperlängsachse. In der Regel halten sie dabei eine abwärtsgerichtete Schwimmbewegung ein und haben in den Ruhepausen leichten Auftrieb, der mit zunehmender Dotterzehrung schwindet. Gegenüber geringen Strömungen verhalten sie sich passiv und lassen sich in jeder Körperlage treiben. 2. Zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Nahrungsaufnahme befinden sich die meisten Larven in Bodennähe und weiden als Substratfresser den Grund nach freßbaren Organismen ab. 3. Die gelegentlichen Beutefanghandlungen im freien Wasser, die bei hungrigen Larven häufiger auftreten, unterscheiden sich erheblich von denen anderer Fischlarven. Vor allem fällt die fehlende Zielstrebigkeit auf. Die Mehrzahl der erfolgreichen Fanghandlungen beruht auf Zufallstreffern. 4. Bereits neun bis zehn Tage nach der ersten Nahrungsaufnahme beginnen sich die noch völlig symmetrischen Larven zeitweise seitwärts auf den Grund zu legen, wobei keine Körperseite bevorzugt wird. Ein Wechseln von einer zur anderen Körperseite ist oft zu beobachten. 5. Die älteren symmetrischen Larven zeigen noch alle die unter Punkt 2 bis 4 genannten Verhaltensweisen. Darüber hinaus haben sie bereits die Fähigkeit, sich an das Substrat anzuklammern. Häufig schwimmen sie auch in Schräg- oder Seitenlage und verhalten sich zeitweise wie Jungfische. 6. Eingraben konnte vor der Metamorphose nicht beobachtet werden. Farbanpassung an hellen Untergrund scheint trotz längerer Expositionsdauer (〉1 Tag) nicht möglich zu sein. 7. Die Messung der Schwimmleistung auf Grund von Filmaufnahmen ergibt eine Durchschnittsleistung von 6 bis 9 mm/sec. Dies gilt für Dottersacklarven bis zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Nahrungsaufnahme. 8. Die tägliche Schwimmstrecke verschieden alter, ungefütterter Dottersacklarven wurde auf Grund von Registrierungen der Schwimmaktivität für Beobachtungsintervalle von jeweils 5 min bestimmt. Sie liegt zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Nahrungsaufnahme unter Annahme eines 12-Stunden-Tages bei etwa 200 bis 230 m. 9. Gegen Ende des Dottersackstadiums sind die Larven bis zu 75% der Beobachtungszeit aktiv. Bei ungefütterten Larven sinkt die Aktivität am 5. Tag nach dem Schlüpfen auf unter 50% der Beobachtungszeit herab. Unter den herrschenden Versuchsbedingungen (15° C) wurden zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Fanghandlungen auf Plankter eingestellt. Ob dann noch eine Nahrungsaufnahme vom Boden her möglich ist, wurde nicht geprüft. Vom 8. Tage nach dem Schlüpfen an sank die Schwimmstrecke auf eine Stundenleistung von 4 bis 7 m ab. 10. Aus den Befunden wird geschlossen, daß die pelagische Lebensweise im wesentlichen auf das Dottersackstadium beschränkt ist. Für die Beurteilung der Überlebenschancen wäre wichtig zu wissen, welches Substrat mit welcher Bodenfauna für die erste Nahrungsaufnahme unter natürlichen Bedingungen am günstigsten ist.
    Notes: Abstract In spring 1965 eggs of the soleSolea solea L. were hatched in the Marine Station of the Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (island Helgoland, North Sea). The newly hatched larvae were raised under laboratory conditions and their behavior, food relationships and swimming performance studied. Yolk-sac larvae swim rather clumsily and often turn around their body axis. Their main swimming direction is downward, compensating for a tendency toward buoyancy. At the time of their first food intake, most larvae stay close to the bottom and search as substrate feeders for food. In free water, hungry young larvae occasionally try to catch food but obviously lack appropriate aiming techniques. Nine to ten days after the first food intake, the symmetrical larvae begin to rest temporarily sidewise on the ground; no body side is preferred at this stage. Digging into the substratum (sand) was not observed before metamorphosis. On the basis of movie pictures, yolk-sac larvae (at the time of their first food intake) swim on an average 6 to 9 mm per second (200 to 230 m per 12 hour day). Toward the end of the yolk-sac stage the larvae are active during up to 75% of the observation period. Five days after hatching, unfed larvae, kept at 15° C, reduce their swimming activity to about 50% of the normal level; after 8 days swimming performance is reduced below 4 to 8 m. On the basis of our laboratory observations, the pelagic phase is restricted mainly to the yolk-sac phase.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 10 (1985), S. 219-220 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 10 (1985), S. 305-324 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Aquaculture can be considered as a rapidly growing industry in many parts of the world. The impressive overall upward trend in production is likely to continue for the rest of the century. However, aquaculture will still be a minor contributor to the world's protein supply, even though the projected annual output of about 30 million tons can be realized by the year 2000. Nevertheless, aquaculture can play an important role in many developing countries not only within the context of rural development, but also as a commercial activity that focuses on export markets. Progress in aquaculture will always be accompanied by a number of constraints that occur with or through expansion of this industry. Some of the most important problem areas are briefly addressed, including those related to environmental degradation, disease control, human health and competition for resources. Finally, gaps in science and technology as well as research priorities are identified.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
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    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 259 . pp. 285-293.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: Somatic growth and nucleic acid content were studied in North Sea houting Coregonus oxyrhinchus larvae fed exclusively on dry diets at 2 temperatures (8.4 and 17.5°C) during a 32 d rearing experiment. The higher temperature enhanced growth significantly. Mean dry weights at the end of the experiment were 3.6 mg (SD = 1.07, range 1.4 to 5.7 mg) and 31.5 mg (SD = 21.9, range 3.6 to 96.0 mg), and mean standard lengths were 17.7 ± mm (SD = 1.6, range 11.8 to 19.6 mm) and 25.5 mm (SD = 4.2, range 17.0 to 35 mm), respectively. Significant responses to temperature were also found in the nucleic acids. However, these differences were not as remarkable and gave indications that differences in protein growth between treatments was based on protein biosynthesis being driven by the activity of the ribosomes, rather than their number. The use of the degree-day approach to normalize the data clearly showed the temperature-dependence of somatic growth. Only small differences in growth and nucleic acid content were observed in the comparable range of the first 280 degree-days in fed fish. In non-fed fish, the starving potential was very similar (approx. 350 degree-days). Shifts in growth pattern from predominantly hyperplasia to predominantly hypertrophy were detected, with ongoing growth at both temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: A total of 354 adult European smelts Osmerus eperlanus (L.) were tested for their ability to survive the screen system of the cooling water inflow of a power plant. With increasing number of musculature parasitic third-stage larvae of Pseudoterranova decipiens, the survival rate of O. eperlanus decreased while the total number of externally visible injuries as well as the number of seriously injured specimens increased. The results indicate that even a single specimen of P. decipiens influences resistance and stamina and affects overall mortality of 7 to 20 cm long smelts. The initial effect of the parasites is to reduce swimming speed of infested fish, which leads to more frequent contact of these fish with the fine meshed screen of the cooling water inlet before they are removed by the automatic cleaning system. If the separated fishes are returned to the main stream, it becomes apparent that the cooling water inflow selectively reduces the number of living parasitised smelt in the area. Thus, the number of parasitic third-stage P. decipiens larvae in the local smelt population which are able to complete their life-cycle is also reduced. P. decipiens makes infested smelt more susceptible to negative anthropogenic influences such as cooling water intake or trawl fisheries.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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