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  • Springer  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1165
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract On the basis of thermodynamical modelling it was proves that pressure and temperature variations may induce precipitation of barite, anhydrite/gypsum and celestite in geothermyl power plants. The precipitation dynamics of earth-alkaline sulfates has been investigated in a column experiment simulating in-situ conditions for pressure, temperature, and salinity (216 g/l). In this paper we describe the experimental setup for simulating pressures up to 250 bar and high temperatures in a sandstone core. Additional precipitation experiments confirmed the expected second-orer reaction for the precipitation of barite at a medium rate of 2.5 · 10 −4 l · mg −1 · h −1 . The experiments show that the solubility of barite (2.5 mg/l Ba and 450 mg/ISO 4 ) is higher than the model forecast. Precipitation of celestite and anhydrite/gypsum was not observed. During the column experiments with a sandstone core under in-situ conditions no precipitation of barite, anhydrite/gypsum and celestite took place.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Wie geochemisch-thermodynamische Modellierungen gezeigt haben, können während des Betriebs einer geothermischen Heizanlage durch Druck- und Temperaturveränderungen Baryt, Anhydrit/Gips oder Cölestin ausfallen. Das Fällungsverhalten der Erdalkalisulfate wurde unter In-situ-Bedingungen (Druck, Temperatur, Salinität 216 g/l) in einem Durchströmungsversuch bestimmt. Es wird eine Durchströmungsanlage vorgestellt, die Drucke bis zu 250 bar und hohe Temperaturen bei der Durchströmung eines Sandsteinkerns zuläßt. Ergänzende Fällungsexperimente bestätigen eine zu erwartende Reaktion zweiter Ordnung bei der Kristallisation von Baryt mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von 2,5 · 10 −4 l · mg −1 · h −1 . Die real lösliche Menge Baryt (2,5 mg/l Ba und 450 mg/ISO 4 ) ist höher als das thermodynamische Gleichgewicht vorhersagt. Cölestin und Anhydrit oder Gipsausfällungen konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Bei der Durchströmung des Sandsteinkerns unter In-situ-Bedingungen findet keine Ausfällung von Baryt, Anhydrit/Gips oder Cölestin statt. Obwohl Kristallisationskeime im Sandstein vorhanden sind, erfolgt keine Fällung aus den metastabilen Lösungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: The Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have been widely used to investigate marine biogeochemical processes as well as the sources and mixing of water masses. However, there are still important uncertainties about the global aqueous REE cycle with respect to the contributions of highly reactive basaltic minerals originating from volcanic islands and the role of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD). Here we present dissolved REE concentrations obtained from waters at the island-ocean interface (including SGD, river, lagoon and coastal waters) from the island of Tahiti and from three detailed open ocean profiles on the Manihiki Plateau (including neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions), which are located in ocean currents downstream of Tahiti. Tahitian fresh waters have highly variable REE concentrations that likely result from variable water–rock interaction and removal by secondary minerals. In contrast to studies on other islands, the SGD samples do not exhibit elevated REE concentrations but have distinctive REE distributions and Y/Ho ratios. The basaltic Tahitian rocks impart a REE pattern to the waters characterized by a middle REE enrichment, with a peak at europium similar to groundwaters and coastal waters of other volcanic islands in the Pacific. However, the basaltic island REE characteristics (with the exception of elevated Y/Ho ratios) are lost during transport to the Manihiki Plateau within surface waters that also exhibit highly radiogenic Nd isotope signatures. Our new data demonstrate that REE concentrations are enriched in Tahitian coastal water, but without multidimensional sampling, basaltic island Nd flux estimates range over orders of magnitude from relatively small to globally significant. Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) loses its characteristic Nd isotopic signature (-6 to-9) around the Manihiki Plateau as a consequence of mixing with South Equatorial Pacific Intermediate Water (SEqPIW), which shows more positive values (-1 to -2). However, an additional Nd input/exchange along the pathway of AAIW, eventually originating from the volcanic Society, Tuamotu and Tubuai Islands (including Tahiti), is indicated by an offset from the mixing array of AAIW and SEqPIW to more radiogenic Nd isotope compositions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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