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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is linearly associated with dietary quality and predicts mortality
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 121, No. 6 ( 2019-03-28), p. 699-708
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 121, No. 6 ( 2019-03-28), p. 699-708
    Abstract: Chronic inflammation is associated with disease risk and mortality in the general population. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a stable marker of chronic inflammation, and a higher serum-concentration of suPAR is found in individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking. This article investigates the association between suPAR and dietary quality measured with the dietary quality score (DQS). The DQS is an index of the overall quality of an individual’s dietary habits assessed through a self-administered FFQ. Furthermore, this article investigates the association of both suPAR and the DQS with CVD risk and mortality in the general Danish population. We analysed 5347 individuals aged 30–60 years from the Danish Inter99 study cohort. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a linear inverse association between the DQS and suPAR ( P =0·0005). Cox regression analyses showed an 18 (95 % CI 9, 26) % increase in the risk of death from any cause with each 1 ng/ml increase in suPAR. We found no significant association between the DQS and the mortality (hazard ratio: 1·16, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·69). All analyses were adjusted for demographics and lifestyle factors. The association between the DQS and suPAR on the one hand and suPAR and mortality on the other supports the argument that low dietary quality may constitute a health risk through its influence on chronic inflammation. Future research should examine whether suPAR is modifiable through changes in dietary habits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518003720
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In the Shadow of El Chichon: An Overview of the Medical Impact of the 28 March to 4 April 1982 Eruptions of the Mexican Volcano
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1994
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1994-03), p. 58-66
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1994-03), p. 58-66
    Abstract: On 28 March 1982, El Chichon, a volcanic peak located in southern Mexico, began an eruptive phase of activity. Four major eruptions occurred within the next eight days, culminating in a cataclysmic eruption on 4 April. When the dust had settled, an estimated 200 million tons of ash blanketed more than 200 square kilometers of southern Mexico and neighboring Central American countries. Forty thousand villagers were left homeless and several thousand people may have lost their lives. Fifty thousand head of cattle were destroyed outright with many more succumbing to lack of water and pasture. Millions of hectares of crops were destroyed (Figure 1).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X00040863
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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  • 3
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    Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 779-820
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 779-820
    Abstract: The concentration of radiocarbon ( 14 C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14 C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-average marine record of radiocarbon from 0–55 cal kBP and serves as a baseline for regional oceanic variation. Marine20 is intended for calibration of marine radiocarbon samples from non-polar regions; it is not suitable for calibration in polar regions where variability in sea ice extent, ocean upwelling and air-sea gas exchange may have caused larger changes to concentrations of marine radiocarbon. The Marine20 curve is based upon 500 simulations with an ocean/atmosphere/biosphere box-model of the global carbon cycle that has been forced by posterior realizations of our Northern Hemispheric atmospheric IntCal20 14 C curve and reconstructed changes in CO 2 obtained from ice core data. These forcings enable us to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and temporal changes in the atmospheric 14 C level. The box-model simulations of the global-average marine radiocarbon reservoir age are similar to those of a more complex three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. However, simplicity and speed of the box model allow us to use a Monte Carlo approach to rigorously propagate the uncertainty in both the historic concentration of atmospheric 14 C and other key parameters of the carbon cycle through to our final Marine20 calibration curve. This robust propagation of uncertainty is fundamental to providing reliable precision for the radiocarbon age calibration of marine based samples. We make a first step towards deconvolving the contributions of different processes to the total uncertainty; discuss the main differences of Marine20 from the previous age calibration curve Marine13; and identify the limitations of our approach together with key areas for further work. The updated values for ΔR , the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir age corrections required to calibrate against Marine20, can be found at the data base http://calib.org/marine/ .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.68
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
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    The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 725-757
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 725-757
    Abstract: Radiocarbon ( 14 C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14 C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14 C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14 C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14 C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14 C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    2326 Prognostic value of left ventricular mitral annular longitudinal displacement measured by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with acute coronary syndrome
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical and Translational Science Vol. 2, No. S1 ( 2018-06), p. 46-46
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 2, No. S1 ( 2018-06), p. 46-46
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To investigate the prognostic value of left ventricular mitral annular longitudinal displacement (LD) measured with color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in a large population suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 501 ACS patients underwent an echocardiography within 9 days after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Regional LD was obtained from the 6 mitral annular regions with TDI and GLD was calculated as an average. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 4.4 years 46 ACS patients suffered CVD. Mean value of GLD in the population was 8.11mm (±2.4). GLD and LD obtained from the inferior wall remained significant independent predictors after multivariate adjustment for clinical parameters, GLD (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12–1.82, p =0.014, per 1mm decrease), inferior LD (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.14–1.66, p =0.001). Furthermore, inferior wall LD was the primary source of prognostic information in GLD since only inferior LD remained significant when both measures were included in the same model: GLD (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.64–1.40, p =0.781); inferior LD (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15–2.22, p =0.005). Of all walls, only inferior wall LD remained as an independent predictor after multivariate adjustment. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: GLD provides independent prognostic information in ACS patients over and beyond all conventional echocardiographic measures. Regional inferior LD was the primary source of prognostic information gained from GLD. GLD proved to be a better predictor of cardiovascular events than conventional echocardiographic measures. This could lead to better risk stratification in the clinical setting and open up for earlier intervention in high-risk individuals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2059-8661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/cts.2018.178
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2898186-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acute and Subacute Changes in Neural Activation during the Recovery from Sport-Related Concussion
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2013-09), p. 863-872
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2013-09), p. 863-872
    Abstract: To study the natural recovery from sports concussion, 12 concussed high school football athletes and 12 matched uninjured teammates were evaluated with symptom rating scales, tests of postural balance and cognition, and an event-related fMRI study during performance of a load-dependent working memory task at 13 h and 7 weeks following injury. Injured athletes showed the expected postconcussive symptoms and cognitive decline with decreased reaction time (RT) and increased RT variability on a working memory task during the acute period and an apparent full recovery 7 weeks later. Brain activation patterns showed decreased activation of right hemisphere attentional networks in injured athletes relative to controls during the acute period with a reversed pattern of activation (injured 〉 controls) in the same networks at 7 weeks following injury. These changes coincided with a decrease in self-reported postconcussive symptoms and improved cognitive test performance in the injured athletes. Results from this exploratory study suggest that decreased activation of right hemisphere attentional networks mediate the cognitive changes and postconcussion symptoms observed during the acute period following concussion. Conversely, improvement in cognitive functioning and postconcussive symptoms during the subacute period may be mediated by compensatory increases in activation of this same attentional network. ( JINS , 2013, 19 , 1–10)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617713000702
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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