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  • 1
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    Ocean Acidification Reduces Growth and Calcification in a Marine Dinoflagellate (2013)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 8 (6). e65987.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-22
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Here we investigate the impact of elevated pCO2 and lowered pH on growth and calcification in the common calcareous dinoflagellate Thoracosphaera heimii. We observe a substantial reduction in growth rate, calcification and cyst stability of T. heimii under elevated pCO2. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses reveal CO2 sensitive regulation of many genes, particularly those being associated to inorganic carbon acquisition and calcification. Stable carbon isotope fractionation for organic carbon production increased with increasing pCO2 whereas it decreased for calcification, which suggests interdependence between both processes. We also found a strong effect of pCO2 on the stable oxygen isotopic composition of calcite, in line with earlier observations concerning another T. heimii strain. The observed changes in stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition of T. heimii cysts may provide an ideal tool for reconstructing past seawater carbonate chemistry, and ultimately past pCO2. Although the function of calcification in T. heimii remains unresolved, this trait likely plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary success of this species. Acting on calcification as well as growth, ocean acidification may therefore impose a great threat for T. heimii.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065987
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Effect of CO2 concentration on the PIC/POC ratio in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi grown under light-limiting conditions and different daylengths (2002)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 272 . pp. 55-70.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: We compared the effect of CO2 concentration ([CO2], ranging from ∼5 to ∼34 μmol l−1) at four different photon flux densities (PFD=15, 30, 80 and 150 μmol m−2 s−1) and two light/dark (L/D) cycles (16/8 and 24/0 h) on the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. With increasing [CO2], a decrease in the particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon (PIC/POC) ratio was observed at all light intensities and L/D cycles tested. The individual response in cellular PIC and POC to [CO2] depended strongly on the PFD. POC production increased with rising [CO2], irrespective of the light intensity, and PIC production decreased with increasing [CO2] at a PFD of 150 μmol m−2 s−1, whereas below this light level it was unaffected by [CO2]. Cell growth rate decreased with decreasing PFD, but was largely independent of ambient [CO2]. The diurnal variation in PIC and POC content, monitored over a 38-h period (16/8 h L/D, PFD=150 μmol m−2 s−1), exceeded the difference in carbon content between cells grown at high (∼29 μmol l−1) and low (∼4 μmol l−1) [CO2]. However, consistent with the results described above, cellular POC content was higher and PIC content lower at high [CO2], compared to the values at low [CO2], and the offset was observed throughout the day. It is suggested that the observed sensitivity of POC production for ambient [CO2] may be of importance in regulating species-specific primary production and species composition
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00037-0
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Effects of ocean acidification on primary production in a coastal North Sea phytoplankton community (2017)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 12 (3). e0172594.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: We studied the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on a coastal North Sea plankton community in a long-term mesocosm CO2-enrichment experiment (BIOACID II long-term mesocosm study). From March to July 2013, 10 mesocosms of 19 m length with a volume of 47.5 to 55.9 m3 were deployed in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. CO2 concentrations were enriched in five mesocosms to reach average CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) of 760 μatm. The remaining five mesocosms were used as control at ambient pCO2 of 380 μatm. Our paper is part of a PLOS collection on this long-term mesocosm experiment. Here, we here tested the effect of OA on total primary production (PPT) by performing 14C-based bottle incubations for 24 h. Furthermore, photoacclimation was assessed by conducting 14C-based photosynthesis-irradiance response (P/I) curves. Changes in chlorophyll a concentrations over time were reflected in the development of PPT, and showed higher phytoplankton biomass build-up under OA. We observed two subsequent phytoplankton blooms in all mesocosms, with peaks in PPT around day 33 and day 56. OA had no significant effect on PPT, except for a marginal increase during the second phytoplankton bloom when inorganic nutrients were already depleted. Maximum light use efficiencies and light saturation indices calculated from the P/I curves changed simultaneously in all mesocosms, and suggest that OA did not alter phytoplankton photoacclimation. Despite large variability in time-integrated productivity estimates among replicates, our overall results indicate that coastal phytoplankton communities can be affected by OA at certain times of the seasonal succession with potential consequences for ecosystem functioning.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172594
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Enrichment of the oceans with CO2 may be beneficial for some marine phytoplankton, including harmful algae. Numerous laboratory experiments provided valuable insights into the effects of elevated pCO(2) on the growth and physiology of harmful algal species, including the production of phycotoxins. Experiments close to natural conditions are the next step to improve predictions, as they consider the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that can confound the direct effects of ocean acidification. We therefore investigated the effect of ocean acidification on the occurrence and abundance of phycotoxins in bulk plankton samples during a long-term mesocosm experiment in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, an area frequently experiencing harmful algal blooms. During the experimental period, a total of seven phycotoxin-producing harmful algal genera were identified in the fjord, and in accordance, six toxin classes were detected. However, within the mesocosms, only domoic acid and the corresponding producer Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed. Despite high variation within treatments, significantly higher particulate domoic acid contents were measured in the mesocosms with elevated pCO(2). Higher particulate domoic acid contents were additionally associated with macronutrient limitation. The risks associated with potentially higher phycotoxin levels in the future ocean warrants attention and should be considered in prospective monitoring strategies for coastal marine waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, pp. 101697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-19
    Description: Enrichment of the oceans with CO2 may be beneficial for some marine phytoplankton, including harmful algae. Numerous laboratory experiments provided valuable insights into the effects of elevated pCO2 on the growth and physiology of harmful algal species, including the production of phycotoxins. Experiments close to natural conditions are the next step to improve predictions, as they consider the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that can confound the direct effects of ocean acidification. We therefore investigated the effect of ocean acidification on the occurrence and abundance of phycotoxins in bulk plankton samples during a long-term mesocosm experiment in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, an area frequently experiencing harmful algal blooms. During the experimental period, a total of seven phycotoxin-producing harmful algal genera were identified in the fjord, and in accordance, six toxin classes were detected. However, within the mesocosms, only domoic acid and the corresponding producer Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed. Despite high variation within treatments, significantly higher particulate domoic acid contents were measured in the mesocosms with elevated pCO2. Higher particulate domoic acid contents were additionally associated with macronutrient limitation. The risks associated with potentially higher phycotoxin levels in the future ocean warrants attention and should be considered in prospective monitoring strategies for coastal marine waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla benefits from ocean acidification under constant and dynamic light (2020)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 17, pp. 635-647, ISSN: 1726-4170
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-26
    Description: Compared to the rest of the globe, the Arctic Ocean is affected disproportionately by climate change. Despite these fast environmental changes, we currently know little about the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine key species in this area. Moreover, the existing studies typically test the effects of OA under constant, hence artificial, light fields. In this study, the abundant Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla was acclimated to current (400 µatm) and future (1000 µatm) pCO2 levels under a constant as well as a dynamic light, simulating more realistic light fields as experienced in the upper mixed layer. To describe and understand the responses to these drivers, growth, particulate organic carbon (POC) production, elemental composition, photophysiology and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analysed. M. pusilla was able to benefit from OA on various scales, ranging from an increase in growth rates to enhanced photosynthetic capacity, irrespective of the light regime. These beneficial effects were, however, not reflected in the POC production rates, which can be explained by energy partitioning towards cell division rather than biomass build-up. In the dynamic light regime, M. pusilla was able to optimize its photophysiology for effective light usage during both low- and high-light periods. This photoacclimative response, which was achieved by modifications to photosys-tem II (PSII), imposed high metabolic costs leading to a reduction in growth and POC production rates when compared to constant light. There were no significant interactions observed between dynamic light and OA, indicating that M. pusilla is able to maintain effective photoacclimation without increased photoinactivation under high pCO2. Based on these findings, M. pusilla is likely to cope well with future conditions in the Arctic Ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
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