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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of the B-Cell Component in Lower Lip Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome and Healthy Subjects (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serial sections of lower lip salivary gland (LSG) biopsies were examined by immunohistochemistry, using a battery of B- and partly T-related antibodies (CD5, CD20, CD21, CD27, CD38, CD45RO, CD79a, Bcl-2 and Bcl-6) in different groups of subjects: healthy controls and clinically verified smoking or nonsmoking cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The purpose was to characterize the B-cell pattern of the lymphocytic foci and of the tiny perivascular infiltrates preceding the development of foci. Hyperplastic tonsil was used as stain control. In normal LSG, widely dispersed CD38+ and CD79a+ as well as some CD5+ cells are a normal constituent, with lack of staining with the other antibodies. In SS/LSG, the lymphocytic foci showed staining with all the antibodies, with variable degrees of overlapping or nonoverlapping. In SS/LSG of nonsmokers, CD20+ B cells make up a prominent part of the fully developed periductal lymphocytic foci, not overlapping with CD45RO. Also, CD20+ B cells did not overlap in the infiltrates with colocalized CD27+/CD38+ cells. CD20+ B cells and CD45RO+ T cells also occur as minute infiltrates perivascularly in areas of no foci in SS/LSG as well as in SS smokers lacking the typical foci. Smokers lack foci, but tiny infiltrates express CD20 as well CD45R0. Our findings suggest that CD20+ B cells and CD45RO+ T cells are early immigrants in the LSG of SS of smokers as well as nonsmokers and that another subgroup of CD27+/CD38+ B cells gradually mix with the first two to form the characteristic foci in SS/LSG. The simultaneous demonstration of CD20+ and CD27+ B cells in SS/LSG may constitute a significant diagnostic tool. Further, the findings suggest that the early immigrating lymphocytes may have been primed at a site remote from the glands before arriving via the blood to the gland tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01540.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ku Protein and DNA Strand Breaks in Lip Glands of Normal and Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Subjects: Lack of Correlation with Apoptosis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim was to examine tissue expression of Ku protein in lower lip salivary gland (LSG) biopsies from cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and from normal subjects. Methods: immunohistochemistry was used with antibodies to Ku70/86 and also Ki67, PCNA and p53. In addition, the Klenow method was applied in order to detect evidence of apoptosis. Sections of hyperplastic tonsil served as additional controls. Results: in normal controls, LSG acinar cells stained negatively whereas LSG excretory duct cell nuclei stained positively with Ku and Klenow and occasionally with PCNA but negatively with Ki67 and p53. In LSG focal sialadenitis of SS cases, some lymphocytic cells showed staining with Ku, Ki67, PCNA, Klenow and p53. In addition to duct cell Ku and Klenow as well as PCNA staining which was not much different from normals, a few ductal epithelial and also mononuclear cells stained with p53. In focal sialadenitis, some acinar cells showed staining with PCNA as well as with Klenow. Conclusions: our findings in LSG biopsies of SS cases added little to an increased understanding about the pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of focal sialadenitis in SS. However, in normal LSG, ductal epithelial but not acinar cells seem to express a constitutively specific Ku protein and Klenow profile, suggestive of DNA strand breaks but not clearly associated with ongoing apoptotic events. It may reflect an enhanced stress response, which may be pathogenetically important in the early events of focal sialadenitis development in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00978.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the T-Cell Receptor Vβ Usage in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins Living in a Plasmodium falciparum Endemic Area in West Africa (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the influence of genetic and/or environmental factors in the development and shaping of the human peripheral T cell repertoire the authors studied the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage in 10 adult monozygous (Mz) and nine dizygous (Dz) twin pairs living in a Plasmodium falciparum endemic area in West Africa. The TCR repertoire was determined using a small panel of anti-Vβ specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) using conventional immunofluorescence assays. The results revealed that the Vβ repertoire was similar to that recently described for a Caucasian population using a similar panel of antibodies. The frequencies of particular Vβ genes tested were influenced neither by anti-malarial antibody titres nor by parasite densities, indicating that the P. falciparum parasite is not a dominating factor in determining the peripheral T cell repertoire. All donors were human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II typed; no association was found between the expression of any Vβ genes and MHC haplotype. The Vβ usage was more concordant within the Mz than within the Dz pairs. For a group comprising four HLA class II identical individuals, the average within-pair difference was significantly greater than for the whole Mz group, but similar to that seen for the total Dz group. Thus, the data suggest that genetic, rather than environmental, factors have a profound effect on the shaping of the human circulating T cell repertoire and that the major genetic factors are encoded by non-HLA class II genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-421.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD14 and development of atopic disease at 2 years of age in children with atopic or non-atopic mothers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background CD14, a myeloid cell marker and LPS receptor has been acclaimed to play a role in development and manifestation of atopic allergy, as the gene encoding CD14 is located in a chromosomal region linked to total IgE levels and atopic disease.Objective To investigate the levels of soluble (s) and membrane bound (m) CD14 in cord blood and at 2 years of age from children with atopic or non-atopic mothers and relate these parameters to atopy development at 2 years of age.Methods Blood samples were collected at delivery (cord blood) and at 2 years of age among infants with atopic (n = 41) and non-atopic (n = 32) mothers. Blood samples were also obtained from mothers at the same occasions. Levels of sCD14 and total IgE were measured in plasma, and percentages of CD14+ cells were measured in cord and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results We observed significant differences in sCD14 levels in cord blood, where children with atopic mothers had the highest levels. The same pattern could be observed in the mothers at delivery. At 2 years of age no significant differences in sCD14 levels were observed between children with atopic mothers and children with non-atopic mothers and no association between sCD14 and atopic disease was found. Further, we observed large differences in sCD14 and mCD14 with respect to age, where newborns displayed a higher frequency of CD14+ cells compared with the 2-year-olds and the mothers. The reverse was observed for sCD14, with significantly lower values in cord blood than those seen in the 2-year-olds and mothers.Conclusion Based on our findings, we suggest that CD14 could be involved in the regulation of IgE production, but that it might also be important for the maturation and development of the neonatal immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01629.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low numbers of interleukin-12-producing cord blood mononuclear cells and immunoglobulin E sensitization in early childhood (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Successful pregnancies are associated with skewing towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Cytokine responses to allergens can be detected in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), suggesting allergen priming already in utero.Objective To investigate the cytokine profile in CBMC after in vitro stimulation with allergens and to relate the responses to the outcome in terms of allergic disease at 2 years of age.Methods CBMC were isolated from 82 children. The responses to ovalbumin (OVA), birch, cat and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were investigated by the ELISpot technique. The numbers of IFN-γ-, IL-4- and IL-12-producing CBMC were counted for each stimulation. The children were followed prospectively; skin prick test (SPT) and RAST towards food and inhalant allergens were assessed at 24 months of age.Results Sixteen (19.5%) children were classified as IgE sensitized (positive SPT; 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1896:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉3 mm and/or RAST; 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1896:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉0.35 kUA/L). The numbers of IL-12-producing CBMC after stimulation with birch, OVA and cat were lower among IgE-sensitized children, statistically significant for cat. IFN-γ-producing cells, did not differ in numbers between the sensitized and non-sensitized children. Children who had atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) during the observation (n=53) had significantly lower numbers of IFN-γ-producing CBMC after stimulation with OVA and cat than their non-AEDS counterparts.Conclusions Although the numbers of infants in our study are limited our data suggest that a low number of IL-12-producing CBMC is associated with IgE sensitization during early childhood and that a reduced number of IFN-γ-producing CBMC promotes the development of AEDS during the first 2 years of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01896.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gut mucosal uptake and retention characteristics contribute to the high intestinal selectivity of budesonide compared with prednisolone in the rat (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Budesonide and prednisolone are both effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, but budesonide produces fewer adverse systemic effects. High first-pass hepatic inactivation of budesonide partially explains its favourable ratio between topical and systemic activity, but it is probable that its uptake and retention in intestinal target tissues are also contributory.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the uptake and retention of radio-labelled budesonide and prednisolone in rat ileal mucosa in vivo.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: 3H-Budesonide and 3H-prednisolone were applied for 10 min directly to a perfused segment of rat ileum in vivo, followed by saline lavage every 10 min. Steroid uptake into the mucosa and submucosa was assessed at 20 min and 4 h. The uptake of budesonide was also measured in allergen-challenged animals vs. saline-challenged controls to assess whether inflammation of the mucosa with ongoing plasma exudation would impair its uptake.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Budesonide was better absorbed into ileal tissue (15-fold at 20 min) than prednisolone and better retained (50-fold at 4 h) after topical administration. The uptake of budesonide was not impaired by exudation processes following allergen challenge.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The higher uptake and retention characteristics of budesonide in gut mucosa should contribute to its greater intestinal selectivity compared with that of prednisolone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01129.x
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