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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity in Human Brain Across Age (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was measured in the cerebral cortex of humans 2 days to 83 years of age and in the cortex of F344 rats 3, 22, or 30 months of age. Protein kinase activity was detected in the human brain, but no age-related differences in activity were observed in the presence or absence of cyclic AMP. Age differences were also not seen in protein kinase in the rat cerebral cortex. Enzyme activities in rat and human brain were similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb12514.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism on activity of cyclic AMP-dependent microsomal protein kinase (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb07617.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF NEONATAL THYROIDECTOMY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE SYSTEM IN THE RAT BRAIN (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The effect of neonatal thyroidectomy on the cyclic AMP system in the developing rat brain was examined. Administration of 131I at birth led to a 16 per cent reduction in brain weight and a 70 per cent reduction in body weight by 40 days of age. The level of cyclic AMP in the brain increased 5-fold between birth and 40 days of age and this increase was partially reduced by early thyroidectomy. A similar increase in the activity of adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase was observed during development, but thyroidectomy produced no detectable changes in the activity of either enzyme. The activity of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was already maximal at birth and also was unaffected by thyroidectomy.Norepinephrine increased levels of cyclic AMP 4- to 5-fold in brain slices prepared from adult rats, but was without effect on slices prepared from newborn or 3-day-old rats. The response to norepinephrine in thyroidectomized rats did not differ from that in control rats at any of the ages examined. Our findings indicate that neonatal hypothyroidism does not deleteriously affect the development of the cyclic AMP system in the rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01415.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACTIVITY OF CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT MICROSOMAL PROTEIN KINASE AND PHOSPHORYLATION OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN IN RAT BRAIN DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 21 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Microsomes from rat brain exhibited protein kinase activity which was stimulated by cyclic AMP when assayed in the presence of exogenous protein substrate, such as thymus histone. In the absence of exogenous substrate some phosphorylation of microsomal protein occurred, but no stimulation by cyclic AMP could be discerned, probably because of limitations of substrate. The maximal activity of microsomal protein kinase observed in the presence of saturating concentrations of histone and the optimal concentration (5 μm) of cyclic AMP remained essentially unchanged from birth to early adulthood, but the magnitude of the stimulation by cyclic AMP was significantly higher at birth than at 30 days of age. Brain ribosomal proteins could be phosphorylated by the cyclic AMP-dependent brain protein kinase. Their total capacity for acceptance of phosphate by means of this phosphorylation reaction remained unchanged throughout the postnatal development of the brain. Our results are consistent with the possibility that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase may play a a role in the postnatal regulation of cerebral protein synthesis, as a result of the changes in the levels of cyclic AMP known to occur in brain during postnatal maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07574.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tryptophan hydroxylase activity in developing rat brain (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb00212.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE ACCUMULATION IN VITRO IN THE CEREBELLUM OF ‘NERVOUS’ NEUROLOGICALLY MUTANT MICE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Slices of cerebellum from Purkinje cell-deficient, neurologically mutant ‘nervous’ mice or normal littermates synthesized cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP during in vitro incubations. Resting levels of cyclic AMP were the same in the two groups, but accumulations in the presence of kainic acid, a glutamic acid analogue, or norepinephrine were significantly greater in the ‘nervous’ mice. Resting levels of cyclic GMP were lower in the ‘nervous’ mice, but the elevations produced by kainic acid were the same in both groups. Adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities in the cerebellum were not affected by the mutation. These findings indicate that cyclic nucleotide synthesis in the cerebellum does not occur solely in the Purkinje cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb03928.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HISTAMINE-INDUCED ACCUMULATION OF CYCLIC AMP IN THE RABBIT CEREBRAL CORTEX (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— In slices of adult rabbit cerebral cortex histamine at 5 μM produced a detectable rise in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). A maximum (20-fold) increase was observed in response to 0–5 mM histamine, with higher concentrations being less effective. The antihistaminic agent, tripelennamine, inhibited the response to 50 μM histamine in a dose-related manner. No effect on basal levels of cyclic AMP was noted with the highest dose of tripelennamine. The cyclic AMP response to 50 μM histamine was sustained for up to 1 h of incubation whether the slices and included medium were assayed together or the slices were assayed separately, although after 60 min of incubation cyclic AMP levels were higher when the medium was included in the assay. During development of the rabbit cerebral cortex, the first detectable increase of cyclic AMP in response to histamine occurred at fetal day 25, and from day 28 to birth the response was a 4-to 5-fold increase. A maximal (10-fold) response was observed at 4–8 days postpartum and by 20 days of postnatal age the response had decreased to the adult levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01278.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Characterization of Pretectal Neurons Projecting to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in the Cat (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single neurons in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract and posterior pretectal nucleus were extracellularly recorded in anaesthetized cats and tested for antidromic activation after electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Cells were further characterized by their response latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic nerve head and the optic chiasm, and by responses to various visual stimuli. 46 out of 188 neurons (24%) were antidromically activated from the lateral geniculate nucleus at response latencies of 0.6 - 2.6 ms. They had low spontaneous activities and preferred fast-moving visual stimuli. 29 of the antidromically activated neurons (63%) could be activated from the optic chiasm with response latencies of 4–10 ms. Together with the mean conduction time of 0.8 ms between the optic nerve head and the optic chiasm, this indicates that they receive an indirect retinal input via fast-conducting Y-fibres. Sometimes antidromically activated neurons spontaneously showed irregular burst activity. During unidirectional stimulation with a large moving visual stimulus, burst activity became more regular, and interburst intervals and the duration of single bursts decreased. After the stimulus was stopped, interburst intervals slowly increased until prestimulation activity was restored. The response properties of these neurons could reflect the transfer of saccade-related visual as well as oculomotor signals through the pretectum to the visual thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00879.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Characterization of Pretectal Neurons Projecting to the Lateral Posterior-Pulvinar Complex in the Cat (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pretectal neurons projecting to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) in cats were electrophysiologically identified by their antidromic activation from the LP-P. Their responses to various visual stimuli and to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were characterized. In retrograde double-labelling experiments, the pretectal projections to the LP-P and to the LGN were tested for possible overlap. Forty-five neurons were antidromically activated from the LP-P; 55 % of them could also be activated orthodromically from the optic chiasm. Most antidromically activated neurons responded to rapid movements of large textured visual stimuli as well as to ‘on’ or ‘off’ visual stimulation with short bursts. When stimulated with a slowly moving, large, structured visual stimulus, most cells showed a slight but significant activity increase. None of the neurons projecting to the LP-P was also activated antidromically from the LGN. Thus, the two populations are separate. This is supported by the results from the retrograde double-labelling experiments. None of the LP-P projecting neurons showed any directional selectivity to slow movements of large visual stimuli, a property by which pretectal neurons projecting to the inferior olive are characterized. Thus, neurons projecting to the LP-P do not bifurcate to the inferior olive. Response properties of neurons projecting to the LP-P were very similar to those of the ‘jerk’ neurons described by Schweigart and Hoffmann (Exp. Brain Res., 91, 273–283, 1992); therefore we believe them to be identical. Jerk neurons are known to react not only to rapid image shifts with short high-frequency bursts, but also to saccadic eye movements in the light. As a possible function of LP-P projecting neurons, the transfer of information about image displacement during saccades or fast-moving objects in the visual scene is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01075.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LGN-projecting Neurons of the Cat's Pretectum Express Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There have been conflicting reports on the chemical nature of the projection of the pretectal nuclei [nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract (NOT DTN complex) and posterior pretectal nucleus] to the lateral geniculate nucleus and inferior olive. There is evidence that the pretecto-geniculate pathway is inhibitory. However, most attempts to verify the GABAergic nature of the projection neurons have failed. In order to answer this question, we employed a combination of retrograde transport and in situ hybridization. Rhodamine-labelled latex microspheres were injected into the electrophysiologically identified lateral geniculate nucleus. In addition, fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres were injected into the inferior olive. Retrograde axonal transport labelled large pretectal neurons. We then applied riboprobes specific for glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA. We were able to demonstrate glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA expression in up to 70% of lateral geniculate nucleus-projecting NOT-DTN and posterior pretectal nucleus neurons but in none of the pretecto-olivary projection neurons. The results suggest that the pretecto-geniculate projection is GABAergic in nature, which would confirm previous electrophysiological and morphological observations. The pretecto-olivary projection is not GABAergic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00287.x
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