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  • Annual Reviews  (4)
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  • Annual Reviews  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protein Turnover Via Autophagy: Implications for Metabolism
    Annual Reviews ; 2007
    In:  Annual Review of Nutrition Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2007-08-01), p. 19-40
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Nutrition, Annual Reviews, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2007-08-01), p. 19-40
    Abstract: Autophagy is a process of cellular “self-eating” in which portions of cytoplasm are sequestered within double-membrane cytosolic vesicles termed autophagosomes. The autophagosome cargo is delivered to the lysosome, broken down, and the resulting amino acids recycled after release back into the cytosol. Autophagy occurs in all eukaryotes and can be up-regulated in response to various nutrient limitations. Under these conditions, autophagy may become essential for viability. In addition, autophagy plays a role in certain diseases, acting to prevent some types of neurodegeneration and cancer, and in the elimination of invading pathogens. We review the current information on the mechanism of autophagy, with a focus on its role in protein metabolism and intracellular homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0199-9885 , 1545-4312
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/nutr.2007.27.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093749
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481486-9
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autophagy, Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway, and Pexophagy in Yeast and Mammalian Cells
    Annual Reviews ; 2000
    In:  Annual Review of Biochemistry Vol. 69, No. 1 ( 2000-06), p. 303-342
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Biochemistry, Annual Reviews, Vol. 69, No. 1 ( 2000-06), p. 303-342
    Abstract: ▪ Abstract  The sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic material to the yeast vacuole and mammalian lysosome require the dynamic mobilization of cellular membranes and specialized protein machinery. Under nutrient deprivation conditions, double-membrane vesicles form around bulk cytoplasmic cargo destined for degradation and recycling in the vacuole/lysosome. A similar process functions to remove excess organelles under vegetative conditions in which they are no longer needed. Biochemical, morphological, and molecular genetic studies in yeasts and mammalian cells have begun to elucidate the molecular details of this autophagy process. In addition, the overlap of macroautophagy with the process of pexophagy and with the biosynthetic cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway, which delivers the resident vacuolar hydrolase aminopeptidase I, indicates that these three pathways are related mechanistically. Identification and characterization of the autophagic/cytoplasm-to-vacuole protein-targeting components have revealed the essential roles for various functional classes of proteins, including a novel protein conjugation system and the machinery for vesicle formation and fusion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4154 , 1545-4509
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/biochem.2000.69.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.303
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470446-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vacuolar Import of Proteins and Organelles From The Cytoplasm
    Annual Reviews ; 1999
    In:  Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 1999-11), p. 1-32
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Annual Reviews, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 1999-11), p. 1-32
    Abstract: ▪ Abstract  Many cellular processes require a balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. The vacuole/lysosome is the main site of protein and organellar turnover within the cell due to its ability to sequester numerous hydrolases within a membrane-enclosed compartment. Several mechanisms are used to deliver substrates, as well as resident hydrolases, to this organelle. The delivery processes involve dynamic rearrangements of membrane. In addition, continual adjustments are made to respond to changes in environmental conditions. In this review, we focus on recent progress made in analyzing these delivery processes at a molecular level. The identification of protein components involved in the recognition, sequestration, and transport events has begun to provide information about this important area of eukaryotic cell physiology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1081-0706 , 1530-8995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/cellbio.1999.15.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.1
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2982184-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470447-X
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Autophagy
    Annual Reviews ; 2009
    In:  Annual Review of Genetics Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2009-12-01), p. 67-93
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Genetics, Annual Reviews, Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2009-12-01), p. 67-93
    Abstract: Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components in which double-membrane autophagosomes sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles for breakdown by resident hydrolases. Autophagy is upregulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation, ER stress, and pathogen infection. Defective autophagy plays a significant role in human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. We present our current knowledge on the key genes composing the autophagy machinery in eukaryotes from yeast to mammalian cells and the signaling pathways that sense the status of different types of stress and induce autophagy for cell survival and homeostasis. We also review the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the autophagy machinery at various levels, from transcriptional activation to post-translational protein modification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4197 , 1545-2948
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/genet.2009.43.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470448-1
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
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