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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WESTERN UNITED STATES EXTENSION: How the West was Widened (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 417-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cenozoic extension in the western United States presents a complex interrelation of extension, volcanism, and plate boundary tectonics that defeats simple notions of "active" or "passive" rifting. Forces driving extension can originate at plate boundaries, through basal traction, basal normal forces, or from buoyancy forces internal to the crust and lithospheric mantle. The latter two are most responsible for driving extension where it is observed in the Basin and Range. The complex evolution of the northern Basin and Range probably represents removal or alteration of mantle lithosphere interacting with buoyancy stored in the crust. In contrast, crustal buoyancy forces combined with a divergent plate boundary between about 28 and 16 Ma to drive extension in the southern Basin and Range. The central Basin and Range most likely extended as a result of boundary forces external to itself but arising from buoyancy forces elsewhere in the western United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.417
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopes (1955)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 6 (1955), S. 403-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.06.100155.002155
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geomorphology and In-Situ Cosmogenic Isotopes (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 22 (1994), S. 273-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.001421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the neonatal pig colon (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 152 (1978), S. 269-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neonatal pig colon has several unique structural and developmental features. At birth it has a variable population of epithelial cells which in their arrangement on villus-like protrusions and in their capability for protein uptake into large preformed supranuclear vacuoles closely resemble neonatal ileal cells. Such villus-like protrusions and vacuolated cells are not present in the 2-day-old piglet. On the first day after birth absorptive epithelial cells which lack supranuclear vacuoles transiently accumulate a large number of lipid droplets, each separated from the cytoplasm only by a proteolipid interface. None of the much smaller lipid droplets bounded by a unit membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and characteristic of normal small intestinal fat uptake were ever seen in these cells. Very few of the large lipid drops remain on the second day after birth.This initial capacity of the colon for protein and lipid uptake never reappears.The pattern of colonic amino acid transport also changes markedly in the first four days of independent life and this may be correlated with the observation that the absorptive cells at birth have microvilli which are twice the length of those on similar cells at and after two days old. These morphological results are discussed in terms of implied functional changes in the neonatal period.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001520302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial propagation of human ovarian surface epithelium in tissue culture (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 134 (1988), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Most human ovarian cancers are thought to arise in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The precise role of OSE in carcinogenesis has not been defined because no appropriate animal models for the study of this tissue exist and culture of human OSE has been limited to primary outgrowths. In this report, we describe conditions for serial cultivation of normal human OSE. Premenopausal ovarian tissue was obtained at surgery. OSE growth was compared in media MCDB 202, 199 and Waymouth's 752/1 (WM) supplemented with 5, 15, or 25% fetal bovine serum (FBS), with/without 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 0.4 γg/ml hydrocortisone (HC). The rate and extent of OSE outgrowths from explants in primary culture were greatest in either WM or 199/202 (1:1), supplemented with 15% FBS/EGF/HC. In early passage cultures, cell proliferation was most rapid and extensive in 199/202 with 15% FBS, EGF, and HC. In this medium, OSE cells were subcultured up to 10 times and underwent 20-25 population doublings over 5 weeks. The population doubling time during rapid growth was approximately 48 h. Seeding efficiencies of up to 53% and cloning efficiencies of up to 13% were obtained. Early passage OSE cells reversibly modulated from a slow growing, epithelial, intensely keratin-positive form in 199/202 medium lacking EGF/HC, to a rapidly proliferating, elongate, less keratin-positive form in medium with EGF/HC. OSE cells grown in WM/5-15% FBS were epithelial and near-stationary. Thus, culture conditions have been defined for ovarian carcinogen assays requiring either proliferating or stationary cell populations, and for further studies of the role of OSE in ovarian biology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041340305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural abundance nitrogen-15 n.m.r. spectroscopy. Spin-lattice relaxation in organic compounds (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The small negative magnetogyric ratio (γ) of the 15N nucleus decreases the efficiency of 15N—1H dipole-dipole relaxation to about 25% of that for an analogous 13C nucleus. This may lead to greater competition from other relaxation mechanisms in 15N n.m.r. and consequent partial or total quenching of the negative nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). In unfavorable circumstances nulling of the 15N resonance can occur. Previous 15N relaxation studies have examined isotopically enriched, low molecular weight compounds. The present study examines several small to intermediate size organic compounds containing nitrogen at natural isotopic abundance. In contrast to some of the earlier studies, 15N—1H dipolar relaxation was found to be dominant for protonated nitrogen atoms, even for two tertiary nitrogens (the tertiary amine nitrogen in 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a] quinolizine and the oxime nitrogen in 3-methyl-2-pentanone ketoxime). The magnitude of the NOE and the moderate value of T1 indicate effective dipolar relaxation from neighboring but not directly bonded protons in these cases. Nitro groups were found, as expected, to have predominant contributions from non-dipolar mechanisms, and in one case (2-methyl-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol) signal nulling (NOE of η = -1) was observed. The effect of paramagnetic impurities was demonstrated for ethanolamine, which contains a basic nitrogen. In this case T1DD(15N—1H) = 4·3 s; added Ni(acac)2 at 1 × 10-4 Molar reduced the 15N T1 to 0·065 s and consequently the NOE to η = 0.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270081211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor numbers in male and female mouse primary hepatocyte cultures (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 6 (1988), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; receptors ; sex differentiation ; mouse hepatocyte cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) were measured in adult male and female mouse primary hepatocyte cultures. On culture day 1, female hepatocytes had significantly fewer EGF-R than male hepatocytes (1·3 × 104 versus 6·2 × 105 per cell). Over the next three days, morphological changes consistent with progressive heptocyte dedifferentiation were observed. During this period, EGF-R numbers progressively increased in female cultures and decreased in male cultures, and by day 4 the sexual difference in EGF-R numbers was obliterated. These results indicate that a relationship exists between the degree of differentiation in hepatocyte cultures and the expression of EGF-R on the cell surface.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290060403
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  • 8
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    First-pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole-heart coverage using L1-SPIRiT accelerated variable density spiral trajectories (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: Purpose To design and evaluate two-dimensional (2D) L1-SPIRiT accelerated spiral pulse sequences for first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole heart coverage capable of measuring eight slices at 2 mm in-plane resolution at heart rates up to 125 beats per minute (BPM). Methods Combinations of five different spiral trajectories and four k-t sampling patterns were retrospectively simulated in 25 fully sampled datasets and reconstructed with L1-SPIRiT to determine the best combination of parameters. Two candidate sequences were prospectively evaluated in 34 human subjects to assess in vivo performance. Results A dual density broad transition spiral trajectory with either angularly uniform or golden angle in time k-t sampling pattern had the largest structural similarity and smallest root mean square error from the retrospective simulation, and the L1-SPIRiT reconstruction had well-preserved temporal dynamics. In vivo data demonstrated that both of the sampling patterns could produce high quality perfusion images with whole-heart coverage. Conclusion First-pass myocardial perfusion imaging using accelerated spirals with optimized trajectory and k-t sampling pattern can produce high quality 2D perfusion images with whole-heart coverage at the heart rates up to 125 BPM. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Excellent outcomes and lack of prognostic impact of cell of origin for localized diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: Therapeutic options for limited-stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) include short- or full-course R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) ± radiotherapy. The optimal treatment remains unclear. The prognostic value of cell-of-origin (COO) in early stage DLBCL is unknown. Patients with limited-stage DLBCL (stage I or stage II, non-bulky) treated with R-CHOP ± involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) from 1999 to 2012 were included. COO by the Hans algorithm was analysed in a subset of patients. Of 261 patients, 30% were stage I ( N  = 82), 37% stage IE ( N  = 96), 〈1% stage IXEE ( N  = 1), 18% stage II ( N  = 46) and 14% stage IIE ( N  = 37). The stage-modified International Prognostic Index stratified patients into prognostically relevant groups. There was no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients in the germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB; n  = 65) and non-GCB cohorts ( n  = 22). Seventeen patients received R-CHOP × 3–4 cycles (Arm A), 147 received R-CHOP × 3–4 cycles + IFRT (Arm B), 48 received R-CHOP × 6 cycles (Arm C), and 50 received R-CHOP × 6 cycles + IFRT (Arm D). The outcomes were excellent, with 5-year PFS of 82% and 5-year OS of 93%, and were similar across the 4 treatment groups. In the rituximab era, outcomes for limited-stage DLBCL, regardless of treatment approach, were excellent. Baseline COO was not a significant prognostic factor in patients treated with short-course R-CHOP + IFRT.
    Print ISSN: 0007-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    The GIGG-EnKF: Ensemble Kalman Filtering for highly skewed non-negative uncertainty distributions (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-15
    Description: Observations and predictions of near-zero non-negative variables such as aerosol, water vapor, cloud, precipitation and plankton concentrations have uncertainty distributions that are skewed and better approximated by gamma and inverse-gamma probability distribution functions (pdfs) than Gaussian pdfs. Current Ensemble Kalman Filters (EnKFs) yield suboptimal state estimates for these variables. Here, we introduce a variation on the EnKF that accurately solves Bayes’ theorem in univariate cases where the prior forecasts and error prone observations given truth come in (gamma, inverse-gamma) or (inverse-gamma, gamma) or (Gaussian, Gaussian) distribution pairs. Since its multivariate extension is similar to an EnKF, we refer to it as the GIGG-EnKF or GIGG where GIGG stands for Gamma, Inverse-Gamma and Gaussian. The GIGG-EnKF enables near-zero semi-positive definite variables with highly skewed uncertainty distributions to be assimilated without the need for observation bias inducing lognormal or Gaussian anamorphosis non-linear transformations. In the special case that all observations are treated as Gaussian, the GIGG-EnKF gives identical results to the original EnKF. A multi-grid-point and multi-variable idealized system was used to compare and contrast the data assimilation performance of the GIGG with that of both the perturbed observation and deterministic forms of the EnKF. This test system featured variables and observation types whose uncertainty distributions approximate Gaussian, gamma and inverse-gamma distributions. The normalized analysis error variance of the GIGG ensemble mean was found to be significantly smaller than that of the EnKFs. The higher moments of the analyzed ensemble distributions were tested by subjecting the ensemble members to non-linear “forecast” mappings. The normalized mean square error of the mean of the corresponding GIGG forecast ensemble was found to be less than a 3 rd of that obtained from either form of the original EnKF.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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