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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Horses
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 2020-04)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 2020-04)
    Abstract: A nationwide study on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC in nonhospitalized horses in the Netherlands was performed. Molecular characterization was done, and questionnaires were analyzed to identify factors associated with carriage. In total, 796 horse owners were approached; 281 of these submitted a fecal sample from their horse(s), resulting in 362 samples. All samples were cultured qualitatively in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and subsequently on MacConkey agar, both supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (LB+ and MC+). Positive samples were subsequently cultured quantitatively on MC+. Initial extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC screening was performed by PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing on selected strains. Associations between ESBL/AmpC carriage and questionnaire items were analyzed using a univariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis, followed by a multiple GEE model for relevant factors. In total, 39 of 362 samples (11%) were determined to be positive for ESBL/AmpC. bla CTX-M-1 -carrying isolates were obtained from 77% of positive samples ( n  = 30). Other ESBL/AmpC genes observed included bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-14 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-32 , bla SHV-12 , bla CMY-2 , and bla ACT-10 . A high association between the presence of bla CTX-M-1 and IncHI1 plasmids was observed (46% of samples; n  = 18). Based on core genome analysis ( n  = 48 isolates), six Escherichia coli clusters were identified, three of which represented 80% of the isolates. A negative association between ESBL/AmpC carriage and horses being in contact with other horses at a different site was observed. The presence of a dog on the premises and housing in a more densely human-populated region were positively associated. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02590-19
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Natural Antibodies against Several Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins in Children during the Pre-Pneumococcal-Vaccine Era: the Generation R Study
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 79, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 1680-1687
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 79, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 1680-1687
    Abstract: The currently available pneumococcal vaccines do not protect against all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae . A shift toward nonvaccine serotypes causing colonization and invasive disease has occurred, and studies on protein-based vaccines have been undertaken. We assessed the association between specific antibodies against pneumococcal virulence proteins and colonization and respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Additionally, we assessed the extent to which colonization induces a humoral immune response. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children at 1.5, 6, 14, and 24 months of age were cultured for pneumococcus. Serum samples were obtained at birth and at 6, 14, and 24 months ( n = 57 children providing 177 serum samples). Data were collected prior to the pneumococcal vaccine era. IgG, IgA, and IgM levels against 17 pneumococcal protein vaccine candidates were measured using a bead-based flow cytometry technique (xMAP; Luminex Corporation). Information regarding RTIs was questionnaire derived. Levels of IgG against all proteins were high in cord blood, decreased in the first 6 months and increased again thereafter, in contrast to the course of IgA and IgM levels. Specific antibodies were induced upon colonization. Increased levels of IgG against BVH-3, NanA, and SP1003 at 6 months, NanA, PpmA, PsaA, SlrA, SP0189, and SP1003 at 14 months, and SlrA at 24 months were associated with a decreased number of RTIs in the third year of life but not with colonization. Maternal antipneumococcal antibodies did not protect against pneumococcal colonization and infection. Certain antibodies against pneumococcal virulence proteins, some of which are induced by colonization, are associated with a decreased number of RTIs in children. This should be taken into account in future pneumococcal vaccine studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01379-10
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 3
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    Expression and Function of Transforming Growth Factor β in Melioidosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1853-1857
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1853-1857
    Abstract: Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei , is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. An important controller of the immune system is the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), of which Smad2 and Smad3 are the major signal transducers. In this study, we aimed to characterize TGF-β expression and function in experimental melioidosis. TGF-β expression was determined in 33 patients with culture-proven infection with B. pseudomallei and 30 healthy controls. We found that plasma TGF-β concentrations were strongly elevated during melioidosis. In line with this finding, TGF-β expression in C57BL/6 mice intranasally inoculated with B. pseudomallei was enhanced as well. To assess the role of TGF-β, we inhibited TGF-β using a selective murine TGF-β antibody. Treatment of mice with anti-TGF-β antibody resulted in decreased lung Smad2 phosphorylation. TGF-β blockade appeared to be protective: mice treated with anti-TGF-β antibody and subsequently infected with B. pseudomallei showed diminished bacterial loads. Moreover, less distant organ injury was observed in anti-TGF-β treated mice as shown by reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and aspartate transaminase (AST) values. However, anti-TGF-β treatment did not have an effect on survival. In conclusion, TGF-β is upregulated during B. pseudomallei infection and plays a limited but proinflammatory role during experimental melioidosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.05534-11
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 4
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    The HtrA-Like Protease CD3284 Modulates Virulence of Clostridium difficile
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 82, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 4222-4232
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 4222-4232
    Abstract: In the past decade, Clostridium difficile has emerged as an important gut pathogen. Symptoms of C. difficile infection range from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. Besides the two main virulence factors toxin A and toxin B, other virulence factors are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In other Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, conserved high-temperature requirement A (HtrA)-like proteases have been shown to have a role in protein homeostasis and quality control. This affects the functionality of virulence factors and the resistance of bacteria to (host-induced) environmental stresses. We found that the C. difficile 630 genome encodes a single HtrA-like protease (CD3284; HtrA) and have analyzed its role in vivo and in vitro through the creation of an isogenic ClosTron-based htrA mutant of C. difficile strain 630Δ erm (wild type). In contrast to the attenuated phenotype seen with htrA deletion in other pathogens, this mutant showed enhanced virulence in the Golden Syrian hamster model of acute C. difficile infection. Microarray data analysis showed a pleiotropic effect of htrA on the transcriptome of C. difficile , including upregulation of the toxin A gene. In addition, the htrA mutant showed reduced spore formation and adherence to colonic cells. Together, our data show that htrA can modulate virulence in C. difficile .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.02336-14
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 5
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    Aspergillus Test Profiles and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 59, No. 12 ( 2021-11-18)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 59, No. 12 ( 2021-11-18)
    Abstract: The literature regarding COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has shown conflicting observations, including survival of CAPA patients not receiving antifungal therapy and discrepancy between CAPA diagnosis and autopsy findings. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of CAPA, we performed a case-control study in which we compared Aspergillus test profiles in CAPA patients and controls in relation to intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. This was a multinational case-control study in which Aspergillus test results, use of antifungal therapy, and mortality were collected from critically ill COVID-19 patients. Patients were classified using the 2020 European Confederation for Medical Mycology and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ECMM/ISHAM) consensus case definitions. We analyzed 219 critically ill COVID-19 cases, including 1 proven, 38 probable, 19 possible CAPA cases, 21 Aspergillus -colonized patients, 7 patients only positive for serum (1,3)-β- d -glucan (BDG), and 133 cases with no evidence of CAPA. Mortality was 53.8% in CAPA patients compared to 24.1% in patients without CAPA ( P  = 0.001). Positive serum galactomannan (GM) and BDG were associated with increased mortality compared to serum biomarker-negative CAPA patients (87.5% versus 41.7%, P  = 0.046; 90.0% versus 42.1%, P  = 0.029, respectively). For each point increase in GM or 10-point BDG serum concentration, the odds of death increased (GM, odds ratio [OR] 10.208, 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.621 to 64.291, P  = 0.013; BDG, OR, 1.247, 95% CI, 1.029 to 1.511, P  = 0.024). CAPA is a complex disease, probably involving a continuum of respiratory colonization, tissue invasion, and angioinvasion. Serum biomarkers are useful for staging CAPA disease progression and, if positive, indicate angioinvasion and a high probability of mortality. There is need for a biomarker that distinguishes between respiratory tract colonization and tissue-invasive CAPA disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01229-21
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Endogenous Interleukin-18 Improves the Early Antimicrobial Host Response in Severe Melioidosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 75, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 3739-3746
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 3739-3746
    Abstract: Melioidosis is caused by the soil saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei and is endemic in Southeast Asia. The pathogenesis of melioidosis is still largely unknown, although gamma interferon (IFN-γ) seems to play an obligatory role in host defense. Previously, we have shown that IFN-γ production in melioidosis is controlled in part by interleukin-18 (IL-18). The aim of the present study was to determine the role of IL-18 in the immune response to B. pseudomallei . For this the following investigations were performed. (i) Plasma IL-18 and blood monocyte IL-18 mRNA levels were elevated in 34 patients with culture-proven melioidosis compared to the levels in 32 local healthy controls; in addition, IL-18 binding protein levels were markedly elevated in patients, strongly correlating with mortality. (ii) IL-18 gene-deficient (IL-18 knockout [KO]) mice showed accelerated mortality after intranasal infection with a lethal dose of B. pseudomallei , which was accompanied by enhanced bacterial growth in their lungs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and blood at 24 and 48 h postinfection, compared to wild-type mice. In addition, IL-18 KO mice displayed evidence of enhanced hepatocellular injury and renal insufficiency. Together, these data indicate that the enhanced production of IL-18 in melioidosis is an essential part of a protective immune response to this severe infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00080-07
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 7
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    Combination of Pantothenamides with Vanin Inhibitors as a Novel Antibiotic Strategy against Gram-Positive Bacteria
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 4794-4800
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 4794-4800
    Abstract: The emergence of resistance against current antibiotics calls for the development of new compounds to treat infectious diseases. Synthetic pantothenamides are pantothenate analogs that possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro in minimal media. Pantothenamides were shown to be substrates of the bacterial coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway, causing cellular CoA depletion and interference with fatty acid synthesis. In spite of their potential use and selectivity for bacterial metabolic routes, these compounds have never made it to the clinic. In the present study, we show that pantothenamides are not active as antibiotics in the presence of serum, and we found that they were hydrolyzed by ubiquitous pantetheinases of the vanin family. To address this further, we synthesized a series of pantetheinase inhibitors based on a pantothenate scaffold that inhibited serum pantetheinase activity in the nanomolar range. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that addition of these pantetheinase inhibitors prevented hydrolysis of pantothenamides by serum. We found that combinations of these novel pantetheinase inhibitors and prototypic pantothenamides like N5-Pan and N7-Pan exerted antimicrobial activity in vitro , particularly against Gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pyogenes ) even in the presence of serum. These results indicate that pantothenamides, when protected against degradation by host pantetheinases, are potentially useful antimicrobial agents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00603-13
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Same Exposure but Two Radically Different Responses to Antibiotics: Resilience of the Salivary Microbiome versus Long-Term Microbial Shifts in Feces
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  mBio Vol. 6, No. 6 ( 2015-12-31)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 6, No. 6 ( 2015-12-31)
    Abstract: Many health care professionals use antibiotic prophylaxis strategies to prevent infection after surgery. This practice is under debate since it enhances the spread of antibiotic resistance. Another important reason to avoid nonessential use of antibiotics, the impact on our microbiome, has hardly received attention. In this study, we assessed the impact of antibiotics on the human microbial ecology at two niches. We followed the oral and gut microbiomes in 66 individuals from before, immediately after, and up to 12 months after exposure to different antibiotic classes. The salivary microbiome recovered quickly and was surprisingly robust toward antibiotic-induced disturbance. The fecal microbiome was severely affected by most antibiotics: for months, health-associated butyrate-producing species became strongly underrepresented. Additionally, there was an enrichment of genes associated with antibiotic resistance. Clearly, even a single antibiotic treatment in healthy individuals contributes to the risk of resistance development and leads to long-lasting detrimental shifts in the gut microbiome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01693-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 9
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    Comparison of Mantoux and QuantiFERON TB Gold Tests for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Army Personnel
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 477-480
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 477-480
    Abstract: The tuberculin skin test (TST) was compared with QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in non- Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated military personnel. Among subjects positive by TST, 44.4% of recruits were positive by QFT-GIT compared with 11.5% subjects tested after missions abroad, suggesting that most TST conversions in the latter group were caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00463-06
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 10
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    Structure of Chimpanzee Gut Microbiomes across Tropical Africa
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  mSystems Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-06-29)
    Details
    In: mSystems, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-06-29)
    Abstract: Understanding variation in host-associated microbial communities is important given the relevance of microbiomes to host physiology and health. Using 560 fecal samples collected from wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) across their range, we assessed how geography, genetics, climate, vegetation, and diet relate to gut microbial community structure (prokaryotes, eukaryotic parasites) at multiple spatial scales. We observed a high degree of regional specificity in the microbiome composition, which was associated with host genetics, available plant foods, and potentially with cultural differences in tool use, which affect diet. Genetic differences drove community composition at large scales, while vegetation and potentially tool use drove within-region differences, likely due to their influence on diet. Unlike industrialized human populations in the United States, where regional differences in the gut microbiome are undetectable, chimpanzee gut microbiomes are far more variable across space, suggesting that technological developments have decoupled humans from their local environments, obscuring regional differences that could have been important during human evolution. IMPORTANCE Gut microbial communities are drivers of primate physiology and health, but the factors that influence the gut microbiome in wild primate populations remain largely undetermined. We report data from a continent-wide survey of wild chimpanzee gut microbiota and highlight the effects of genetics, vegetation, and potentially even tool use at different spatial scales on the chimpanzee gut microbiome, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic parasites. Microbial community dissimilarity was strongly correlated with chimpanzee population genetic dissimilarity, and vegetation composition and consumption of algae, honey, nuts, and termites were potentially associated with additional divergence in microbial communities between sampling sites. Our results suggest that host genetics, geography, and climate play a far stronger role in structuring the gut microbiome in chimpanzees than in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-5077
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.01269-20
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844333-0
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