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  • American Meteorological Society  (38)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    50 Years of Satellite Remote Sensing of the Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Meteorological Monographs Vol. 59 ( 2019-01-01), p. 5.1-5.46
    Details
    In: Meteorological Monographs, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 59 ( 2019-01-01), p. 5.1-5.46
    Abstract: The development of the technologies of remote sensing of the ocean was initiated in the 1970s, while the ideas of observing the ocean from space were conceived in the late 1960s. The first global view from space revealed the expanse and complexity of the state of the ocean that had perplexed and inspired oceanographers ever since. This paper presents a glimpse of the vast progress made from ocean remote sensing in the past 50 years that has a profound impact on the ways we study the ocean in relation to weather and climate. The new view from space in conjunction with the deployment of an unprecedented amount of in situ observations of the ocean has led to a revolution in physical oceanography. The highlights of the achievement include the description and understanding of the global ocean circulation, the air–sea fluxes driving the coupled ocean–atmosphere system that is most prominently illustrated in the tropical oceans. The polar oceans are most sensitive to climate change with significant consequences, but owing to remoteness they were not accessible until the space age. Fundamental discoveries have been made on the evolution of the state of sea ice as well as the circulation of the ice-covered ocean. Many surprises emerged from the extraordinary accuracy and expanse of the space observations. Notable examples include the determination of the global mean sea level rise as well as the role of the deep ocean in tidal mixing and dissipation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0065-9401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0010.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 416187-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2630885-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanisms of Interannual Variations of the Meridional Overturning Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2008-02-01), p. 467-480
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2008-02-01), p. 467-480
    Abstract: The authors investigate the nature of the interannual variability of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the North Atlantic Ocean using an Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) assimilation product for the period of 1993–2003. The time series of the first empirical orthogonal function of the MOC is found to be correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, while the associated circulation anomalies correspond to cells extending over the full ocean depth. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the wind is responsible for most of this interannual variability, at least south of 40°N. A dynamical decomposition of the meridional streamfunction allows a further look into the mechanisms. In particular, the contributions associated with 1) the Ekman flow and its depth-independent compensation, 2) the vertical shear flow, and 3) the barotropic gyre flowing over zonally varying topography are examined. Ekman processes are found to dominate the shorter time scales (1.5–3 yr), while for longer time scales (3–10 yr) the MOC variations associated with vertical shear flow are of greater importance. The latter is primarily caused by heaving of the pycnocline in the western subtropics associated with the stronger wind forcing. Finally, how these changes in the MOC affect the meridional heat transport (MHT) is examined. It is found that overall, Ekman processes explain a larger part of interannual variability (3–10 yr) for MHT (57%) than for the MOC (33%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JPO3726.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the Indonesian Throughflow on the Pacific and Indian Oceans
    American Meteorological Society ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2002-05), p. 1404-1429
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2002-05), p. 1404-1429
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032〈1404:EOTITO〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wind-Forced Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability of the Extratropical Oceans
    American Meteorological Society ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2003-02), p. 436-449
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2003-02), p. 436-449
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033〈0436:WFISLV〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Mapping of Along-Track Ocean Altimetry: Method and Performance from Observing System Simulation Experiments
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 1691-1699
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 1691-1699
    Abstract: Simulated along-track ocean altimetry data were used to implement the use of a nonlinear dynamic propagator to perform three-dimensional (time and 2D space) interpolation of mesoscale sea surface height (SSH). The method is an inverse approach to processing altimetry data unevenly sampled in time and space into high-level gridded altimetry maps. The inverse approach, similar to the standard objective mapping, contains some correction terms to the innovation vectors to account for nonlinear dynamics. Another key improvement is to solve for the covariance functions through a Green’s function approach. From the Observing System Simulation Experiments carried out to simulate a three-satellite constellation over the Gulf Stream region, the new method can significantly reduce mapping errors and improve the resolving capabilities compared to the standard linear objective analysis such as that used by the AVISO gridding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0163.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Spatial Scales to be Resolved by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Ka-Band Radar Interferometer
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 87-99
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 87-99
    Abstract: The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to measure the sea surface height (SSH) at a high spatial resolution using a Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn). The primary oceanographic objective is to characterize the ocean eddies at a spatial resolution of 15 km for 68% of the ocean surface. This resolution is derived from the ratio between the wavenumber spectrum of the conventional altimeter (projected to submesoscale) and the SWOT SSH errors. While the 15-km threshold is useful as a global approximation of the spatial scales resolved by SWOT (SWOT scale), it can be misleading for regional studies. Here we revisit the problem using a high-resolution (~2-km horizontal grid spacing) tide-resolving global ocean simulation and map the SWOT scale as a function of location and season. The results show that the SWOT scale increases, in general, from about 15 km at low latitudes to ~30–45 km at mid- and high latitudes but with a large geographical dependence. A SWOT scale smaller than 30 km is expected in the high-latitude energetic regions. The SWOT scale varies seasonally as a result of the seasonality in both the noise and ocean signals. The seasonality also has a geographical dependence. Both eddies and internal gravity waves/tides contribute significantly to the SWOT scale variation. Our analysis provides model predictions for interpreting the anticipated observations from SWOT and guidance for the development of analysis methodologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0119.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carl Wunsch Special Issue
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2007-02-01), p. 133-134
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2007-02-01), p. 133-134
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO9030.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Ocean Circulation from Satellite Altimetry and High-Resolution Computer Simulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 1996
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 77, No. 11 ( 1996-11), p. 2625-2636
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, No. 11 ( 1996-11), p. 2625-2636
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077〈2625:GOCFSA〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interaction of Mesoscale Variability with Large-Scale Waves in the Argentine Basin
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 37, No. 3 ( 2007-03-01), p. 787-793
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 37, No. 3 ( 2007-03-01), p. 787-793
    Abstract: The Argentine Basin of the South Atlantic Ocean is a region of complicated ocean dynamics involving a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Previous studies reported the existence of a basin mode of topographic barotropic Rossby waves with a period close to 25 days in the region. Using observations of sea level anomalies from satellite altimeter measurements, the present study provides evidence of interaction between the large-scale 25-day waves and the energetic mesoscale variability of the region. The amplitude of the 25-day waves is highly intermittent with dominant periods in the range of 110–150 days. Within this period band, the wave amplitude is coherent with the energy level of the mesoscale variability: when the mesoscale energy level goes down, the wave amplitude goes up, and vice versa, suggesting an exchange of energy between the two scales. This coherence is linked to the first three empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the sea level anomalies. The spatial patterns of these EOFs are characterized by eddies and meanders associated with the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence. The findings of the study suggest a mechanism of energy exchange at work between the mesoscale variability and the large-scale waves in the Argentine Basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO2991.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Variability of the Wavenumber Spectrum of Oceanic Mesoscale Turbulence
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2011-04-01), p. 802-809
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2011-04-01), p. 802-809
    Abstract: The wavenumber spectra of sea surface height from satellite altimeter observations have revealed complex spatial variability that cannot be explained by a universal theory of mesoscale turbulence. Near the edge of the core regions of high eddy energy, agreement is observed with the prediction of the surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) turbulence theory, which has fundamental differences from that of the traditional quasigeostrophic (QG) turbulence theory. In the core regions of high eddy energy, the spectra are consistent with frontogenesis that is not fully accounted for by the SQG theory. However, the observations in the vast ocean interior of low eddy energy exhibit substantial differences from the predictions of existing theories of oceanic mesoscale turbulence. The spectra in these regions may reflect the ocean’s response to short-scale atmospheric forcing and air–sea interaction. The observations presented in this paper serve as a test bed for new theories and ocean general circulation models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JPO4558.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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