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Toward one-meter resolution in 3D seismic (2018)

Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina ; Polteau, Stéphane ; Bellwald, Benjamin ; [et al.]

American Institute of Physics

In: The Leading Edge, 37 (11). pp. 818-828.

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Publication Date: 2019-01-02

Description: High-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic data are important for hydrocarbon exploration of shallow reservoirs, site characterization, and geohazard assessments. The goal of this contribution is to identify and quantify the parameters to increase the resolution of HR3D seismic data to meter scale. The main acquisition parameters controlling the resolution of the collected data are the spectrum of the seismic source, source-receiver offset range, and trace density. An evolution to one-meter-scale resolution of 3D seismic will rely on combining a reproducible seismic source with high frequencies up to at least 600 Hz, a high uniform trace density of more than 4 million traces per square kilometer, and an offset range shorter than approximately 200 m. The resulting 3D seismic data volume will reach meter-scale resolution for water and target depths of less than 600 m. The proposed HR3D system will be suitable for 3D and 4D characterization of seabed properties and shallow stratigraphy, the identification of geohazards and hydrocarbon leakage, and monitoring the environmental impact of offshore activities. The P-Cable 3D system is an excellent starting point for achieving one-meter-scale resolution due to its flexible and tight meter-scale shot and receiver spacing.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1190/tle37110818.1

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Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the Norwegian Margin: constraints on tectono-magmatic breakup processes (2001)

Berndt, Christian ; Planke, S. ; Alvestad, E. ; [et al.]

Geological Society of London

In: Journal of the Geological Society, 158 . pp. 413-426.

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Publication Date: 2017-10-05

Description: Voluminous volcanism characterized Early Tertiary continental break-up on the mid-Norwegian continental margin. The distribution of the associated extrusive rocks derived from seismic volcanostratigraphy and potential field data interpretation allows us to divide the Møre, Vøring and Lofoten–Vesterålen margins into five segments. The central Møre Margin and the northern Vøring Margin show combinations of volcanic seismic facies units that are characteristic for typical rifted volcanic margins. The Lofoten–Vesterålen Margin, the southern Vøring Margin and the area near the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone show volcanic seismic facies units that are related to small-volume, submarine volcanism. The distribution of subaerial and submarine deposits indicates variations of subsidence along the margin. Vertical movements on the mid-Norwegian margin were primarily controlled by the amount of magmatic crustal thickening, because both the amount of dynamic uplift by the Icelandic mantle plume and the amount of subsidence due to crustal stretching were fairly constant along the margin. Thus, subaerial deposits indicate a large amount of magmatic crustal thickening and an associated reduction in isostatic subsidence, whereas submarine deposits indicate little magmatic thickening and earlier subsidence. From the distribution of volcanic seismic facies units we infer two main reasons for the different amounts of crustal thickening: (1) a general northward decrease of magmatism due to increasing distance from the hot spot and (2) subdued volcanism near the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone as a result of lateral lithospheric heat transport and cooling of the magmatic source region. Furthermore, we interpret small lateral variations in the distribution of volcanic seismic facies units, such as two sets of Inner Seaward Dipping Reflectors on the central Vøring Margin, as indications of crustal fragmentation.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1144/jgs.158.3.413

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Cessation/reactivation of polygonal faulting and effects on fluid flow in the Vøring Basin, Norwegian Margin (2007)

Gay, A. ; Berndt, Christian

Geological Society of London

In: Journal of the Geological Society, 164 . pp. 129-141.

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Publication Date: 2017-10-05

Description: Polygonal faults, mainly oriented N50, N110 and N170, are abundant in the upper part of the mud-dominated Kai Formation (upper Miocene–lower Pliocene) of the Vøring Basin. A second, less-developed tier of polygonal faults, oriented N20, N80 and N140, exists at the base of the overlying Naust Formation (upper Pliocene–Present). The faults abruptly terminate upward below a thick interval of debris flows. We propose a dynamic model in which: (1) the development of polygonal faults discontinues temporarily as a result of a change in regional sedimentation, leading to inactive polygonal faults; (2) rapid emplacement of debris flows in the late Pleistocene creates a new interval of polygonal faults in the lower part of the Naust Formation immediately beneath the debris flow and some faults penetrate into the underlying Kai Formation; (3) some polygonal faults within the Kai Formation are reactivated and propagated upward into the base of the Naust Formation. The high interconnectivity between faulted layers allows the fluids to reach shallower depths, forming well-expressed pipes and pockmarks on the sea floor. The model of cessation/reactivation of polygonal faults constrains the sealing capacity of sedimentary cover over the reservoirs and helps to reconstruct the fluid migration history through the sedimentary column.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1144/0016-76492005-178

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Geomechanical behaviour of gassy soils and implications for submarine slope stability - a literature analysis (2020)

Kaminski, P. ; Urlaub, Morelia ; Grabe, J. ; [et al.]

Geological Society of London

In: In: Subaqueous Mass Movements and their Consequences: Advances in Process Understanding, Monitoring and Hazard. , ed. by Georgiopoulou, A. Special Publications Geological Society London, 500 . Geological Society of London, London, pp. 277-288.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-21

Description: Submarine slope failures pose a direct threat to seafloor installations and coastal communities. Here, we evaluate the influence of free gas on the soil’s shear strength and submarine slope failures in areas with gassy soils based on an extensive literature review. We identify two potential destabilization mechanisms: gas bubbles in the pore space lead to a reduced shear strength of the soil and/or gas induces excess pore pressures that consequently reduce the effective stress in the soil. Our evaluation of the reported mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of gassy sediments indicates that the unfavourable impact of entrapped gas on a soil’s shearing resistance is not sufficient to trigger large scale slope failures. Liquefaction failure due to high gas pressures is, however, a viable scenario in coarse-grained soils. Transferring the gas influence on the soil mechanical behaviour to constitutive models is identified as the most important prerequisite for a successful future analysis of slope stability.

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1144/SP500-2019-149

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