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  • 1
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2021-02-01), p. 511-518
    Abstract: We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 732 recently diagnosed patients with T2D from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) study were extensively phenotyped over 3 years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), β-cell glucose sensitivity (GS), and insulin clearance (CLIm) from mixed meal tests, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and baseline regional fat from MRI. The associations between the longitudinal metabolic patterns and HbA1c deterioration, adjusted for changes in BMI and in diabetes medications, were assessed via stepwise multivariable linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Faster HbA1c progression was independently associated with faster deterioration of OGIS and GS and increasing CLIm; visceral or liver fat, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides had further independent, though weaker, roles (R2 = 0.38). A subgroup of patients with a markedly higher progression rate (fast progressors) was clearly distinguishable considering these variables only (discrimination capacity from area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.94). The proportion of fast progressors was reduced from 56% to 8–10% in subgroups in which only one trait among OGIS, GS, and CLIm was relatively stable (odds ratios 0.07–0.09). T2D polygenic risk score and baseline pancreatic fat, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, diet, and physical activity did not show an independent role. CONCLUSIONS Deteriorating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, increasing insulin clearance, high visceral or liver fat, and worsening of the lipid profile are the crucial factors mediating glycemic deterioration of patients with T2D in the initial phase of the disease. Stabilization of a single trait among insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and insulin clearance may be relevant to prevent progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
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  • 2
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: While basal insulins act primarily by reducing fasting serum glucose (FSG), the once-weekly GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide targets both FSG and postprandial glucose (PPG). This post-hoc analysis assessed the efficacy of tirzepatide vs insulin degludec (SURPASS-3) and glargine (SURPASS-4) in people with T2D and different baseline glycemic patterns. We assessed change from baseline to Week 52 in HbA1c, FSG, and PPG across subgroup categories in participants on assigned treatment without rescue medication (efficacy estimand) using mixed-model repeated measures. Four subgroups were defined by different combinations of FSG and PPG (low FSG/low PPG, low FSG/high PPG, high FSG/low PPG, high FSG/high PPG). Low and high FSG and PPG were split based on median values of these parameters in SURPASS-3 (162 and 187 mg/dL) and -4 (164 and 197 mg/dL). While reductions in FSG were generally similar between tirzepatide and the basal insulins in both studies, decreases in PPG were greater with tirzepatide in all subgroups. This resulted in greater HbA1c reductions with tirzepatide vs basal insulin in all subgroups. The extent of reduction in FSG, PPG, and HbA1c in each subgroup was related to baseline values of these parameters. These data support previous observations of superior glycemic control with TZP compared with basal insulin, irrespective of baseline FSG and PPG levels. Disclosure F.Giorgino: Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Amarin Corporation, Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Bayer Inc., Novo Nordisk, Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Research Support; Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care, AlfaSigma, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, Sanofi, Medscape. D.R.Franco: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Alliance, Medtronic, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Roche Diabetes Care, Abbott Diabetes. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. A.Hemmingway: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Á.Rodríguez: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. R.Wiese: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 3
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel, once-weekly GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, significantly reduced liver fat content (LFC) and volumes of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and ASAT) vs insulin degludec in a subpopulation of patients in the SURPASS-3 phase 3 trial. This post-hoc analysis evaluated changes from baseline to Week 52 in these outcomes and other clinical and laboratory parameters in TZP-treated patients achieving or not achieving normoglycemia (HbA1c & lt;5.7%) at Week 52. LFC, VAT and ASAT volumes were assessed with MRI prior to randomization and at Week 52 in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin with/without SGLT-2i and fatty liver index ≥60 at baseline. Analyses used pooled data from all TZP arms (5, 10, and 15 mg). Patients achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% were slightly younger and had lower baseline HbA1c and VAT vs those not achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7%. Substantial reductions in LFC, VAT and ASAT volumes, weight, HbA1c, and overall improvement in lipids profile were observed in both subsets of patients (Table). Among patients achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% and ≥5.7%, respectively, 56% and 27% achieved LFC & lt;6%, and 91% and 64% achieved ≥30% reduction in LFC. In summary, in TZP-treated patients, changes in LFC, VAT and ASAT, and lipids were more pronounced in those achieving normoglycemia. Disclosure Á.Rodríguez: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. K.Cusi: Consultant; Poxel SA, Altimmune, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, 89bio, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lilly, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Medscape, Myovant, Novo Nordisk, ProSciento, Quest Diagnostics, Sagimet, Sonic Incytes, Terns, Research Support; Echosens, Inventiva, LabCorp, Zydus. A.Gastaldelli: Advisory Panel; Pfizer Inc., Novo Nordisk, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Consultant; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Fractyl Health, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Other Relationship; Pfizer Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. A.Torcello-gomez: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. L.Fernandez lando: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 46, No. 8 ( 2023-08-01), p. 1524-1530
    Abstract: Dulaglutide (DU) 1.5 mg was associated with improved composite renal outcomes that included new-onset macroalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes with previous cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors in the REWIND (Researching cardiovascular Events with a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes) trial. This exploratory post hoc analysis evaluated kidney function–related outcomes, excluding the new-onset macroalbuminuria component, among the REWIND participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Intent-to-treat analyses were performed on REWIND participants (n = 4,949 DU, n = 4,952 placebo). Time to occurrence of a composite kidney function–related outcome (≥40% sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], per the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2009 equation, end-stage renal disease, or renal-related death), and mean annual eGFR slope were examined. Analyses were conducted overall and within subgroups defined by baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR & lt;30 or ≥30 mg/g) and baseline eGFR ( & lt;60 or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS The post hoc composite kidney function–related outcome occurred less frequently among participants assigned to DU than placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92, P = 0.004), with no evidence of a differential DU treatment effect by UACR or eGFR subgroup. A ≥40% sustained eGFR decline occurred less frequently among participants assigned to DU than placebo (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.88, P = 0.002). The mean annual decline in eGFR slope was significantly smaller for participants assigned to DU than placebo (−1.37 vs. −1.56 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P & lt; 0.001); results were similar for all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The estimated 25% reduced hazard of a kidney function–related outcome among participants assigned to DU highlights its potential for delaying or slowing the development of diabetic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
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  • 5
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: Young-onset T2D, defined as diagnosed before age 40, is increasing around the world. Recent data suggest a faster deterioration in beta-cell function and earlier development of complications in this population, compared to later-onset T2D. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the baseline characteristics of people with young-onset vs later-onset T2D in the SURPASS clinical trial program. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared in participants with young-onset vs later-onset T2D from the SURPASS-1, -2, -3, and -5 clinical trials (N=4267). Analyses were performed by study. Across the SURPASS program, which included participants at various stages of T2D management, participants with young-onset T2D were younger, had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control, higher mean body weight and BMI, and a worse lipid profile at baseline vs patients with later-onset T2D. Data from SURPASS-1 and SURPASS-2 also showed participants with young-onset T2D had greater insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) at baseline. Despite their younger age at baseline, participants with young-onset T2D in the SURPASS program had an overall worse health status as compared to patients with later-onset T2D. Early intervention in young-onset T2D may be important to optimize long-term outcomes. Disclosure R.J.Galindo: Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Pfizer Inc., Bayer Inc., WW (Weight Watchers), Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Inc. P.Zeitler: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Johnson & Johnson. M.J.Davies: Advisory Panel; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., Medtronic, ShouTi Pharma Inc., Consultant; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis U.S., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited, Novartis, Sanofi. C.Lee: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. V.Thieu: None. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. S.Allen: None. B.Bergman: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel once-weekly GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, demonstrated superior glycemic control vs insulin degludec (IDeg) in SURPASS-3 CGM. This post-hoc analysis evaluated changes from baseline to Week (Wk) 52 in Time in Range (TIR) (71-180 mg/dL), Time in Tight Range (TITR) (71-140 mg/dL), and glycemic variation (within-day coefficient of variation (CV) and Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE)) in TZP-treated patients achieving or not achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% at Wk 52. Interstitial glucose values were collected by CGM at 5-minute intervals for 7 days at baseline, Wk 24, and Wk 52 in a subset of patients in the SURPASS-3 trial. Analyses used pooled data from all TZP arms (5, 10, 15 mg) only due to limited sample size for IDeg patients achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% at Wk 52. Patients achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% were slightly younger, had lower HbA1c and FSG, and higher TITR and TIR vs those not achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% at baseline (Table). Increases in daily TITR and TIR from baseline (61.02% and 41.12% respectively) were seen in patients achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% while those not achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7% had increased daily TITR and TIR of 36.62% and 32.40% (Table). Within-day CV and MAGE were reduced in both patient groups but more apparent in those achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7%. In TZP-treated patients, improvements in TIR, TITR, and glycemic variability were more pronounced in those achieving HbA1c & lt;5.7%. Disclosure R.M.Bergenstal: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Consultant; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., CeQur SA, Dexcom, Inc., Hygieia, Onduo LLC, Sanofi, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, UnitedHealth Group. Á.Rodríguez: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. B.D.Benneyworth: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. K.Brown: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 70, No. 9 ( 2021-09-01), p. 2092-2106
    Abstract: Differences in glucose metabolism among categories of prediabetes have not been systematically investigated. In this longitudinal study, participants (N = 2,111) underwent a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and 48 months. HbA1c was also measured. We classified participants as having isolated prediabetes defect (impaired fasting glucose [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] , or HbA1c indicative of prediabetes [IA1c]), two defects (IFG+IGT, IFG+IA1c, or IGT+IA1c), or all defects (IFG+IGT+IA1c). β-Cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity were assessed from OGTT. At baseline, in pooling of participants with isolated defects, they showed impairment in both BCF and insulin sensitivity compared with healthy control subjects. Pooled groups with two or three defects showed progressive further deterioration. Among groups with isolated defect, those with IGT showed lower insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion at reference glucose (ISRr), and insulin secretion potentiation (P & lt; 0.002). Conversely, those with IA1c showed higher insulin sensitivity and ISRr (P & lt; 0.0001). Among groups with two defects, we similarly found differences in both BCF and insulin sensitivity. At 48 months, we found higher type 2 diabetes incidence for progressively increasing number of prediabetes defects (odds ratio & gt;2, P & lt; 0.008). In conclusion, the prediabetes groups showed differences in type/degree of glucometabolic impairment. Compared with the pooled group with isolated defects, those with double or triple defect showed progressive differences in diabetes incidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 8
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: Young-onset T2D, defined as diagnosed before age 40, presents with a more aggressive disease course, faster beta-cell deterioration and reduced response to diabetes treatment compared to later-onset T2D. Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, was recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post-hoc analysis assessed the effect of tirzepatide on glycemic control, body weight (BW) and cardiometabolic markers in participants with young-onset T2D from the SURPASS program. Changes from baseline in mean HbA1c, BW, waist circumference (WC), and cardiometabolic markers including lipids, and blood pressure (BP) were compared in participants with young-onset (N=873, 20.5%) vs later-onset T2D (N=3394, 79.5%) at Week 40 (SURPASS-1, -2, -5) or Week 52 (SURPASS-3). No differential treatment effect was observed for participants with young- vs later-onset T2D. Tirzepatide treatment led to similar improvements in HbA1c and BW in both subgroups at Week 40/52 for all TZP doses (Figure). Furthermore, TZP (all doses) improved WC, lipids (triglycerides and HDL) and systolic BP similarly between the two groups. In conclusion, tirzepatide treatment led to similar improvements in HbA1c, BW and cardiometabolic markers (WC, lipids, SBP) in participants regardless of having young-onset or later-onset T2D. Disclosure P.Zeitler: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Johnson & Johnson. R.J.Galindo: Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Pfizer Inc., Bayer Inc., WW (Weight Watchers), Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Inc. M.J.Davies: Advisory Panel; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., Medtronic, ShouTi Pharma Inc., Consultant; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis U.S., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited, Novartis, Sanofi. B.Bergman: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. V.Thieu: None. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. S.Allen: None. C.Lee: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Diabetes Association ; 2023
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: In the Phase 3 SURPASS studies of adults with T2D, the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (TZP) provided clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c levels and body weight. In this post-hoc analysis of TZP-treated participants in SURPASS 1-5 studies, we assessed whether those shifting to a lower BMI category would improve in cardiometabolic measures such as HbA1c, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and lipid profiles. Changes in BMI category ( & lt;25 kg/m², 25- & lt;30 kg/m², 30- & lt;35 kg/m², 35- & lt;40 kg/m², ≥40 kg/m²) from baseline to endpoint were assessed by study (N=3559), regardless of dose. BMI category shifts were grouped into “Improved” (shift to a lower BMI category, by at least one category), or “Stable/Worse” (no change/shift to a higher BMI category). At baseline, participants averaged 58 years, 93.36 kg, 53.6% were male, and 79.5% were white. While improvements in cardiometabolic measures were observed in both subsets of participants, numerically greater improvements in HbA1c, WC, SBP and lipid profile were observed for the 59% who improved their BMI category (Table 1). In the SURPASS studies, shifting to a lower and improved BMI category compared to a stable or worse BMI category was associated with greater improvement in cardiometabolic measures including HbA1c, WC, SBP, and lipid profile. Disclosure R.Wiese: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. A.Dib: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. S.Allen: None. C.Lee: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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