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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    7-N-Amidinocephalosporins (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 18 (1975), S. 627-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00240a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Herbicides on Plant Diseases (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 15 (1977), S. 361-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.15.090177.002045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the flight motor pattern during the development of the australian plague locust,Chortoicetes terminifera (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 97 (1975), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The establishment of the characteristic adult flight and its motor pattern has been followed behaviourally and electrophysiologically in locusts of exactly known ages. In the last two larval instars there is repetitive firing in the flight muscles but the alternation of antagonists typical of adult flight is not present (Pig. 3). Alternation can first be seen late in the last larval instar and the full adult pattern is recognizable in most animals by day 3 of adult life. Competent flight behaviour is established by day 4 or 5. In this period the coupling between elevator and depressor neurones improves and the pattern stabilizes (Figs. 4 and 6) but the time course of the whole process varies considerable between individuals. After this the only major change is an increase in wingbeat frequency from about 15–20 Hz at fledging to 25–35 Hz in the second or third week (Fig. 5). Fixing the wings immovably at fledging, so eliminating normal sensory feedback and practice, does not prevent the co-ordinated pattern from developing (Fig. 8). Muscle firing frequency with the wings fixed remains in the range 13–20 Hz throughout life, which may represent the natural frequency of the intrinsic oscillator (Fig. 10). Input from all the sense organs of the wings has a direct effect on the motor pattern in young animals (Fig. 9) and it is suggested that the increase in wingbeat frequency is due to changes in the phasic sensory input from the wings as the muscles grow and the cuticle thickens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections of the locust wing tegulae with metathoracic flight motoneurons (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 133 (1979), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Electrical stimulation of the hindwing tegula inSchistocerca gregaria can elicit synchronous firing in tegula afferents. Recordings from the metathoracic wing sensory nerve, 1C1, showed that both the exact position of the stimulus wires in the tegula and the stimulus voltage determined which of two groups of tegula afferents were predominantly activated (Fig. 2). 2. Recordings were made from metathoracic nerve 1 and flight motoneuron (MN) cell bodies during tegula stimulation. It was found that the faster conducting fibre group from the tegula elicited an EPSP in a wing depressor motoneuron (127) and an IPSP in a wing elevator motoneuron (113). The slightly slower conducting fibre group produced the opposite effects, i.e., an IPSP in the depressor (127) and an EPSP in the elevator motoneuron (113). Latency measurements and responses to high frequency stimulation indicated that the excitatory connections are monosynaptic whereas the inhibitory connections are probably mediated by nonspiking interneurons (Figs. 4–7). 3. Stimulation of the hindwing tegula produced PSP's of the same sign in a contralateral motoneuron as in its ipsilateral homologue. The contralaterally evoked EPSP's were mediated by a polysynaptic pathway. These EPSP's often potentiated with repetitive stimulation whereas the ipsilateral responses did not (Fig. 9). 4. Stimulating both hindwing tegulae caused interactions at the motoneurons. Stimulation of the contralateral hindwing tegula potentiated the response of MN 113 to an ipsilateral stimulus given up to 30–40 ms later. Ipsilateral stimulation did not potentiate the contralateral response (Fig. 10). This interaction between the two inputs probably occurs at the tegula-to-motoneuron synapse. 5. Simultaneous stimulation of the fore- and hindwing tegulae at flight frequency could evoke a larger EPSP in MN 113 than when the hindwing alone was stimulated (Fig. 11). 6. These interactions between tegulae result in a considerable amplification of their individual inputs to motoneurons during flight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00661132
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cerebellar units to stimuli simulating sound source movement and visual moving stimuli (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 819-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von simulierten bewegten Schall- und Lichtquellen auf einzelne Neurone im Kleinhirn wurde untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01938484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical responses of the auditory area of the cerebellar cortex to acoustic stimulation (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Auditory neurons ; Sound localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit activity from the VI and VII lobuli of the cerebellar vermis cortex was studied following acoustical stimulation with sound signals of different parameters. Cerebellar neurons, as compared to those from the auditory system, showed low selectivity to sound frequency, intensity and duration. However, about 2/3 of the neurons were selectively sensitive to interaural time and intensity differences; about 1/3 of neurons showed a specific response to signals simulating sound motion in a definite direction. Thus, cerebellar neurons seem to be mainly responsive to those sound parameters which are essential for sound localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234933
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time of origin and distribution of a new cell type in the rat cerebellar cortex (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Pale cells ; Vestibular afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new cell type was identified in the granular layer of the rat cerebellum. It has a lightly staining nucleus with a nucleolus, it is spherical in shape and is larger than granule cells and smaller than Golgi cells. These pale cells are preferentially concentrated in the nodulus, the ventral uvula, the lingula, the flocculus, and parts of the paraflocculus. According to autoradiographic (3H-thymidine) evidence, over 60% of these pale cells are formed on embryonic days 19 and 20, and their production comes to an end soon after birth, prior to the differentiation of granule cells. The possible relation of pale cells to vestibular afferents of the cerebellar cortex is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237046
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of selective doses of x-irradiation on the levels of several amino acids in the cerebellum of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 1 (1976), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cerebella of rats were exposed to selective doses of low levels of x-irradiation beginning on day 4, 8, or 12 following birth. The doses of x-irradiation given on days 12, 13, and 15 (12–15X group) resulted in a 24% reduction in the wet weight of the cerebella; the doses given on days 8, 9, 11, 13, and 15 (8–15X group) resulted in a 57% weight reduction; the doses given on days 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 (4–15X group) resulted in a 67% weight reduction. The schedule of x-irradiation begun on day 12, which prevented the acquisition of the late-forming granule cells, reduced the levels (nmole/mg dry tissue weight) of alanine (22%) and glutamate (10%), and increased the levels of glycine (15%), GABA (13%), and taurine (71%), with respect to control values. The schedule begun on day 8, which prevented the acquisition of stellate and granule cells, reduced the levels of alanine (15%), glutamate (12%), and taurine (21%), and increased the levels of glycine (102%) and GABA (56%). The schedule begun on day 4, which prevented the acquisition of basket, stellate, and granule cells, reduced the level of glutamate (15%) and increased the levels of glycine (186%) and GABA (78%). The levels of alanine and taurine in the cerebella of the 4–15X group were the same as control values. The level of aspartate in the cerebella of the 3 groups of x-irradiated animals was not significantly different from control values. The consistent reduction in the level of glutamate as a function of the number of doses of x-irradiation is suggestive that glutamate may have a higher level in the granule cells than in other cells in the cerebellum, and that the higher level may be a reflection of a possible excitatory transmitter role for glutamate. In addition, the data are interpreted in terms of taurine being associated with the stellate cells and possibly serving as a transmitter for these inhibitory interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of synapses onto thoracic motor neurones in locusts (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Locust ; Schistocerca gregaria ; Locusta migratoria ; Motor neurones ; Synaptic distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aggregates of synaptic vesicles, stained black by the zinc iodide-osmium procedure, can be visualised with the light microscope in 1 μm plastic sections. This allows the main branches of a neurone to be reconstructed relatively rapidly and the associated vesicle aggregates to be plotted. By resectioning, the identity of the vesicle aggregates has been confirmed with the electron microscope. Two flight motor neurones in the mesothoracic ganglion of the locust have been examined. One is identified as a dorsal longitudinal muscle motor neurone (muscle 112) and the other is probably a subalar neurone (muscle 99). Both have a large density of vesicle aggregates on the neuropilar segment, the widest part of the main neuronal axis, but few on the neurite within 250 μm of the cell body. The larger branches arising from the neuropilar segment tend to have a lower density of aggregates than fine branches, which suggests that synapses to the branches may occur mainly on the distal twigs. These results are an important preliminary step in determining the integrative functions of such neurones and have immediate implications in the interpretation of microelectrode recordings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220133
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