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  • 1985-1989  (3)
Document type
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Census of breeding Antarctic Petrels Thalassoica antarctica and physical features of the breeding colony at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land, with notes on breeding Snow Petrels Pagodroma nivea and South Polar Skuas Catharacta maccormicki (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 6 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Only about a dozen breeding colonies of the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica are known, all confined to the Antarctic continent. In 1985 one of the largest colonies, situated in Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, c. 200 km from the open sea and at an elevation of 1600 m a.s.l. was censused around the time of hatching. The colony size was estimated at about 207,000 breeding pairs. Three minor colonies were discovered at Jutulsessen, Gjelsvikfjella.Microclimatic measurements were made to evaluate the physical environment experienced by the breeding petrels and their chicks in the hostile Antarctic climate. The temperatures measured and energy budget made for the hillside, where the colony was located, showed that the nests of the Antarctic Petrel are placed at relatively favourable places. The northeast facing slope with the Antarctic Petrel colony absorbed large quantities of shortwave radiation during the birds’breeding season and provided suitable microclimatic conditions for breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1988.tb00576.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the breeding ecology and behaviour of the Svalbard population of Light-bellied Brent Goose Branta bernicla hrota (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 7 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Nesting ecology and behaviour of the Light-bellied Brent Goose was studied on Lurøya and adjacent islands in the Tusenoyane group, SE Svalbard, from 13 June to 30 July 1987.On Lurøya 38 pairs attempted to nest, and in the whole study area 98 pairs. Estimated median data of laying of first egg was 10 June, and median hatching date 7 July. Mean clutch size in the middle of the incubation period was 4.0 eggs. On Lurtfya nesting success was 25.7%, hatching success 28.6%, and hatching success for the whole study area was c. 24%. Most losses were attributed to predation (62% of all eggs), polar bears being the most severe predators. Until mid July the islands were surrounded by drift ice, and bears occurred regularly. Bears not only damaged nests but also created disturbance in the nesting colony, offering Arctic Skuas opportunity to take eggs from deserted nests. Other losses were due to female nest desertion during late incubation. Post-hatching losses were negligible.17 pairs of Barnacle Geese nested on an island adjacent to Lurøya, and pairs were nest prospecting on Lurøya, but were effectively expelled by territorial Brent males.During nesting, territorial Brent males spent most of the time in vigilance, followed by grazing and resting. Intruding avian predators and other geese were vigorously chased out of the territories. On average females were attentive to their nests 91% of the time. The rest of the time was spent foraging and preening in the territory. During nesting, time off the nest increased.Food resources on the islands were poor. Moss constituted the staple part of the diet during nesting and post-hatching, but the geese selected Cochlearia and Saxifraga. In wet moss carpets where most foraging took place, Cochlearia was almost completely depleted.The high predation pressure observed may be the prime factor responsible for the general low reproductive output of the population, as observed in the Danish wintering quarters. It seems that the Barnacle Goose population on Tusenøyane is expanding, and interspecific competition for nest sites and food may arise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1989.tb00600.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoregulation in four species of arctic seabirds (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1988), S. 703-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thermoregulation was studied in four species of seabirds in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The major findings of the study are: 1. Resting metabolic rates (RMR) were 1.64, 1.00, 1.59 and 1.11 ml O2/g·h, thermal conductance (TC) 0.0466, 0.0336, 0.0475 and 0.0282 ml O2/g·h·°C and body temperature (T b) 40.2, 38.7, 39.9 and 39.6°C, in Kittiwakes, Fulmars, Black and Brünnich's Guillemots, respectively. 2. RMR values from all four species were above predicted values based on equations from Lasiewski and Dawson (1967), Aschoff and Pohl (1970) and Ellis (1984). In Kittiwakes the measured RMR values were 183%, 158% and 156% of predicted values while in Fulmars only 131%, 113% and 112%. 3. Thermal conductance was lower, i.e. insulation better, in Fulmars and Brünnich's Guillemots compared to Kittiwakes and Black Guillemots. TC values obtained in this study were different from values predicted from equations of Herreid and Kessel (1967) and Aschoff (1981). While Herreid and Kessel's values were somewhat elevated, Aschoff's equation gave values below our measurements. 4. Low ambient temperatures and the birds' activity level are suggested as the major reason for high RMR in Kittiwakes, Black and Brünnich's Guillemots. 5. The RMR values measured in Fulmars did not differ from those of Procellariiformes studied in sub-Antarctica. It is suggested that the lower metabolic rate and body temperature enable Fulmars to survive extended periods of fasting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691000
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