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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of abiological carbon monoxide formation from soil organic matter, humic acids, and phenolic compounds (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 19 (1985), S. 1165-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00142a004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dilution on methanogenesis, hydrogen turnover and interspecies hydrogen transfer in anoxic paddy soil (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 62 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dilution of anoxic slurries of paddy soil resulted in a proportional decrease of the rates of total methanogenesis and the rate constants of H2 turnover per gram soil. Dilution did not affect the fraction of H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis which made up 22% of total CH4 production. However, dilution resulted in a ten fold decrease of the H2 steady state partial pressure from approximately 4 to 0.4 Pa indicating that H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis was more or less independent of the H2 pool. The rates of H2 production calculated from the H2 turnover rate constants and the H2 steady state partial pressures accounted for only 〈 5% of H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis in undiluted soil slurries and for even less after dilution. Upon dilution, the Gibbs free energy available for H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis decreased from −28.4 to only −5.6 kJ per mol. The results indicate that methane was mainly produced from interspecies H2 transfer within syntrophic bacterial associations and was not significantly affected by the outside H2 pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03654.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production, oxidation and emission of methane in rice paddies (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Production and emission of methane from submerged paddy soil was studied in laboratory rice cultures and in Italian paddy fields. Up to 80% of the CH4 produced in the paddy soil did not reach the atmosphere but was apparently oxidized in the rhizosphere. CH4 emission through the rice plants was inhibited by an atmosphere of pure O2 but was stimulated by an atmosphere of pure N2 or an atmosphere containing 5% acetylene. Gas bubbles taken from the submerged soil contained up to 60% CH4, but only 〈 1% CH4 after the bubbles had passed the soil-water interface or had entered the intercellular gas space system of the rice plants. CH4 oxidation activities were detected in the oxic surface layer of the submerged paddy soil. Flooding the paddy soil with water containing 〉 0.15% sea salt (0.01% sulfate) resulted in a strong inhibition of the rates of methanogenesis and a decrease in the rates of CH4 emission. This result explains the observation of relatively low CH4 emission rates in rice paddy areas flooded with brackish water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01170.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal change of gas metabolism by hydrogen-syntrophic methanogenic bacterial associations in anoxic paddy soil (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 62 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Interspecies H2 transfer within methanogenic bacterial associations (MBA) accounted for 95–97% of the conversion of 14CO2 to 14CH4 in anoxic paddy soil. Only 3–5% of the 14CH4 were produced from the turnover of dissolved H2. The H2-syntrophic MBA developed within 5 days after the paddy soil had been submerged and placed under anoxic atmosphere. Afterwards, both the contribution of MBA to H2-dependent methanogenesis and the turnover of dissolved H2 did not change significantly for up to 7 months of incubation. However, while the rates of H2-dependent methanogenesis stayed relatively constant, the rates of total methanogenesis decreased. The contribution of MBA to H2-dependent methanogenesis was further enhanced to 99% when the temperature was shifted from 30°C to 17°C, or when the soil had been planted with rice. This enhancement was partially due to an increased utilization of dissolved H2 by chloroform-insensitive non-methanogenic bacteria, most probably homoacetogens, so that CH4 production was almost completely restricted to H2-syntrophic MBA. The activity of MBA, as measured by the conversion of 14CO2 to 14CH4, was stimulated by glucose, lactate, and ethanol to a similar or greater extent than by exogenous H2. Propionate and acetate had no effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03701.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature limitation of hydrogen turnover and methanogenesis in anoxic paddy soil (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The shift of incubation temperature in anoxic paddy soil from 30°C to 15°C resulted in a reversible decrease of the methane production rate and of the H2 steady state partial pressure. Only at 30°C but not at 17°C, total CH4 production rates were enhanced by the addition of H2, acetate, or cellulose compared to the control. Apparent activation energies which were calculated from the temperature dependence of CH4 production were higher in presence than in absence of excess H2. Decrease of temperature caused a decrease of the H2 turnover rate constant and of the Gibbs free energy of H2-dependent methanogenesis, and also resulted in a smaller contribution of H2 to total methanogenesis. However, H2-dependent methanogenesis was significantly stimulated by excess H2 and slightly inhibited by acetate at low as well as high temperature. The results show that H2-producing bacteria were limited by temperature to a greater extent than the methanogens so that the methanogenic microbial community in paddy soil was limited by the supply of H2. At low as well as high temperatures, excess H2 apparently enabled part of the methanogenic community to shift from acetate-dependent to H2-dependent CH4 production. At low temperature, excess H2 had only this effect, but with increasing temperature, excess H2 additionally stimulated total methanogenic activity and eventually even growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02378.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen metabolism and sulfate-dependent inhibition of methanogenesis in a eutrophic lake sediment (Lake Mendota) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hydrogen metabolism was studied in anoxic sediments of the stratified Lake Mendota; using a method which allowed the measurement of in situ H2 concentrations and the headspace-free analysis of turnover of dissolved H2. Addition of sulfate resulted in partial but immediate inhibition of H2-dependent methanogenesis. Sulfate addition did not result in an immediate decrease in the steady state concentration of dissolved H2, nor did it significantly stimulate the rate constant of H2 turnover. Sulfate-induced decrease in dissolved H2 was only observed after prolonged incubation or when endogenous H2 production was stimulated by added glucose. The turnover of the in situ H2 accounted for only 14% of the H2-dependent methanogenesis from bicarbonate. While rates of methanogenesis increased during the season, rates of H2 turnover decreased, accounting for only 2% of the H2-dependent methanogenesis at the end of summer stratification. These observations indicate that increasing proportions of CH4 were formed from H2 being directly transferred in syntrophic methanogenic associations. The rapid inhibition of H2-dependent methanogenesis by exogenous sulfate may be explained at least partially by assuming methanogenic associations in which syntrophic sulfate reducers change their metabolism from fermentative H2 production to sulfate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02346.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic and anaerobic microbial consumption of hydrogen in geothermal spring water (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 29 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogen consumption was measured in hot geothermal water from two ponds of the San Federigo solfatara, Tuscany, Italy, where emanation gases contained approx. 4% H2. H2 consumption was completely inhibited by NaOH and partially by HgCl2 indicating microbial utilization. Aerobic and anaerobic H2 consumption activities coexisted in the same water with aerobic activity being higher in one pond and anaerobic activity in the other. The kinetics of H2 consumption were consistent with those of ‘Knallgas’, methanogenic or sulfidogenic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00862.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The capacity of hydrogenotrophic anaerobic bacteria to compete for traces of hydrogen depends on the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 350-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Interspecies H2-transfer ; H2-threshold ; Sulfate-reduction ; Nitrate-reduction ; Methanogenesis ; Competition for H2 ; Gibbs free energy change ; Thermodynamics ; Electron acceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different electron acceptors on substrate degradation was studied in pure and mixed cultures of various hydrogenotrophic homoacetogenic, methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, fumarate-reducing and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria. Two different species of these bacteria which during organic substrate degradation produce and consume hydrogen, were cocultured on a substrate which was utilized only by one of them. Hydrogen, which was excreted as intermediate by the first strain (and reoxidized in pure culture), could, depending on the hydrogen acceptor present, also be used by the second organism, resulting in interspecies hydrogen transfer. The efficiency of H2 transfer was similar when methanol, lactate or fructose were used as organic substrate, although the free energy changes of fermentative H2 formation of these substrates are considerably different. In coculture experiments nitrate or fumarate〉sulfate〉 CO2/CH4〉sulfur or CO2/acetate were the preferred electron acceptors, and an increasing percentage of H2 was transferred to that bacterium which was able to utilize the preferred electron acceptor. In pure culture the threshold values for hydrogen oxidation decreased in the same order from ≤1,100 ppm for homoacetogenic bacteria to about 0.03 ppm for nitrate or fumarate reducing bacteria. The determined H2-threshold values as well as the percentage of H2 transfer in cocultures were related to the Gibbs free energy change of the respective hydrogen oxidizing reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411655
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processes involved in formation and emission of methane in rice paddies (1989)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 7 (1989), S. 33-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: methane production ; methane oxidation ; methane emission ; methane precursors ; acetate turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal change of the rates of production and emission of methane were determined under in-situ conditions in an Italian rice paddy in 1985 and 1986. The contribution to total emission of CH4 of plant-mediated transport, ebullition, and diffusion through the flooding water was quantified by cutting the plants and by trapping emerging gas bubbles with funnels. Both production and emission of CH4 increased during the season and reached a maximum in August. However, the numbers of methanogenic bacteria did not change. As the rice plants grew and the contribution of plant-mediated CH4 emission increased, the percentage of the produced CH4 which was reoxidized and thus, was not emitted, also increased. At its maximum, about 300 ml CH4 were produced per m2 per hour. However, only about 6% were emitted and this was by about 96% via plant-mediated transport. Radiotracer experiments showed that CH, was produced from H2/CO2. (30–50%) and from acetate. The pool concentration of acetate was in the range of 6–10 mM. The turnover time of acetate was 12–16 h. Part of the acetate pool appeared to be not available for production of CH4 or CO2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000896
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the surface microlayer on the flux of nonconservative trace gases (CO, H2, CH4, N2O) across the ocean-atmosphere interface (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 6 (1988), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Surface microlayer ; ocean-atmosphere interface ; gas flux ; H2 ; CO ; CH4 ; N2O ; troposphere ; stagnant film model ; bacterio-neuston
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Gas exchange experiments were conducted in the tropical Atlantic Ocean during a ship expedition with FS Meteor using a small rubber raft. The temporal change of the mixing ratios of CO, H2, CH4 and N2O in the headspace of a floating glass box and the concentrations of these gases in the water phase were measured to determine their transfer velocities across the ocean-atmosphere interface. The ocean acted as a sink for these gases when the water was undersaturated with respect to the mixing ratio in the headspace. The transfer velocities were different for the individual gases and showed still large differences even when normalized for diffusivity. Applying the laminar film model, film thicknesses of 20 to 70 μm were calculated for the observed flux rates of the different gas species. When the water was supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO, H2, CH4 and N2O, the transfer velocities of the emission process were smaller than those determined for the deposition process. In case of H2 and CH4, emission was even not calculable although, based on the observed gradient, the laminar film model predicted significant fluxes at the air-sea interface. The results are interpreted by destruction processes active within the surface microlayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048333
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