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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface and domain structures of ferroelectric crystals studied with scanning force microscopy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7461-7471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The understanding of the phenomena of ferroelectricity requires profound knowledge of the ferroelectric domain structure. In this paper we report on the progress of studying ferroelectric domains and domain walls with scanning force microscopy (SFM). Domains and domain walls of ferroelectric crystals of guanidinium aluminum sulfate hexahydrate (GASH) are imaged with SFM. Two sets of complementary results are obtained depending on the operation mode of the instrument. In the non-contact imaging mode (attractive force regime), domain walls are imaged. In the contact imaging mode (repulsive force regime) in addition to the domain wall structure, information about the polarity of the domains is obtained. In these latter images, the opposing contrast of the ferroelectric positive and negative domains is superimposed on the GASH cleavage structure. The imaging mechanism of the contact and noncontact modes are discussed. Corroborating scanning electron microscopy images are presented as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354969
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum balance equations for electronic transport in AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs heterojunctions (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7689-7696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have derived a set of quantum balance equations suitable for the analysis of steady-state electronic transport in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions. Initially, approximate semianalytical expressions for the subband wavefunctions, energy levels, and populations of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined at the heterojunction interface are obtained, which are subsequently used in the calculation of the intra- and intervalley correlation functions of the 2DEG. The resulting force and energy balance equations are solved to yield drift velocities and electron temperatures of the electrons as a function of the applied electric field. Remote impurity, longitudinal optical phonon and intervalley phonon scattering are taken into account, as well as the nonparabolicity of the GaAs bandstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347541
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts (1994)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 199 (1994), S. 325-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194326
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the elastic properties of evaporated C60 films by surface acoustic waves (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 62.20.Dc ; 62.65.+k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) pulses were excited in C60 films deposited on quartz and silicon substrates using pulses from excimer lasers with wavelengths of 248 nm and 308 nm for excitation. An optical beam-deflection technique and polymer electret transducers were utilized to detect the propagation of the SAW pulse with high spatial and temporal resolution, allowing an accuracy of better than 0.1% for SAW velocity measurements. With this technique the frequency dependence of the SAW velocity was determined for a number of fullerite films and density, as well as elastic bulk properties of the films were derived by a theoretical analysis of the dispersion effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348425
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of seaweed extracts and secondary metabolites on feeding by the herbivorous surgeonfish Naso lituratus (1994)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 13 (1994), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We examined 22 species of algae and two species of seagrasses from coral reef habitats around Guam to determine if they possessed chemical defenses against the acanthurid Naso lituratus. Whole plants (18 species) were offered to determine whether they were preferred or avoided by N. lituratus in the laboratory. Organic extracts of 15 algae and one seagrass were applied to palatable seaweeds and offered to N. lituratus in the laboratory to determine if the seaweeds were chemically defended. Extracts that deterred feeding were further fractionated if sufficient amounts were available, and the fractions and associated pure compounds were tested in similar feeding assays. N. lituratus was significantly deterred from feeding by crude extracts from five different species of algae: Avrainvillea obscura, Bryopsis pennata, grazed Halimeda macroloba, Neomeris annulata, and Portieria (=Desmia) hornemannii. The pure compounds avrainvilleol from A. obseura, ochtodene from P. hornemannii, one fraction and one brominated sesquiterpene from N. annulata, and two fractions from T. expeditionis also deterred feeding. These results, together with previous work, suggest that tropical herbivorous fishes differ in their responses to plant chemistry, and this variability precludes broad generalization about the effects of marine plant secondary metabolites on herbivorous fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300770
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis and microstructure of solids and solid state reactions (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermoanalytical and microstructural measurement techniques allow the characterization of solids, their transformation, decomposition, specific surface and pore structure. These techniques are of importance for solids with high specific surface and/or porosity. Thermoanalytical techniques are applied to detect solid state reactions, to determine reaction temperatures and to monitor the progress of the reaction. They are useful to simulate thermal processes in the industry and to receive meaningful results with small samples in a short time. Specific surface, cumulative pore volume and pore volume distribution are obtained by intrusion and absorption techniques. Here selected applications of thermoanalytical and microstructure investigations in modern fields of materials research will be presented, as: -pore analysis of sintering steps of ceramics, -secondary structure of catalyst granules, -template decomposition in zeolites, -firing process in a composide ceramic tape, -ignition of coke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-dimensional expansion waves in gasdynamic shock tubes (1992)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 92 (1992), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary One-dimensional expansion waves in 4 different shock tube driver geometries are investigated and compared. These are the plane wave in a straight tube and its reflection from a co-planar wall, the cylindrical wave in a wedge shaped duct and the spherical wave in a cone. Characteristics and pressure histories are computed for all cases. Pressure measurements in truncated cones are presented to check the predicted pressure histories for the spherical wave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174170
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TOF-SIMS and FT-IR investigations of surface modified silicon wafers — porous silicon (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 221-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Surface modification of silicon wafers by anodic etching in hydrofluoric acid results in the formation of porous silicon layers consisting of nanocrystallites covered with SiH bonds. A combination of high resolution Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to study the surface chemistry of this new material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323283
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of molecular secondary ion mass spectrometry by internal standards (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 1148-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210271029
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