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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations of two P/WS homologues in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We previously screened a database of human genes identified by the expressed sequence tag (EST) method17 and identified three ESTs with homology to bacterial and yeast mutL genes16. Two ESTs had greatest homology to the yeast mw/L-homologue yPMSl, and therefore were designated hPMSl and HPMS2. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371075a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfilaments (F-actin) in generative cells and sperm: an evaluation (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Generative cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Phragmoplast ; Pollen ; Rhodamine phalloidin ; Sperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Disagreement has arisen over the presence of actin-containing microfilaments (Mfs) in angiosperm generative cells and sperm (GSP). In order to address this issue, we subjected GSP of Tradescantia virginiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Rhododendron laetum to a series of localizations using different antiactins, rhodamine phalloidin and antimyosin. Coordinate staining with antitubulin and Hoechst 33258 defined the status of the microtubule (Mt) cytoskeleton and stages of generative cell division. Additional experiments utilized cytochalasin D (CD). In no instance could Mfs be detected in GSP of the three species. Instead, Mfs seen at the periphery of GSP appear to be continuous with vegetative Mfs and thus are in the vegetative cytoplasm. Mfs are not seen in the constriction zone of dividing T. virginiana generative cells, nor are they indicated in the phragmoplast of N. tabacum and R. laetum. Myosin localizations reveal punctate staining in the vegetative cytoplasm and a thin line of fluorescence around the the outside of the generative cell. While CD seems to delay generative cell division, cytokinesis still takes place. CD-induced Mf fragments are evident in the vegetative cytoplasm but not in GSP. The weight of evidence therefore indicates that GSP do not contain Mfs. The implications of this conclusion for the behavior of GSP and the mechanism of cytokinesis in dividing generative cells are considerable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194867
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Tubulin in tobacco pollen tubes: association with generative cell and vegetative microtubules (1994)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; Cytoskeleton ; γ-Tubulin ; Generative cell ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Pollen ; Sperm (plant)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract γ-Tubulin was localized in tobacco pollen tubes using an antibody raised against a peptide conserved in all known γ-tubulins. Antibody staining occurs in a primarily punctate pattern along the length of the microtubule bundles in generative cells and along cortical microtubules in the vegetative cytoplasm. During generative cell division, γ-tubulin is localized in the forming mitotic apparatus. By metaphase, it is present along kinetochore fibers except at their plus ends located at the kinetochores. By telophase, staining is observed in the phragmoplast, where it again avoids the plus ends of microtubules at the cell plate. γ-Tubulin is also present at the periphery of the sperm nuclei. A patch of intense staining on the distal side of each nucleus marks the site of assembly of a new population of sperm microtubules. No specific fluorescence is present in control pollen tubes treated with preimmune IgG. These localization patterns bear similarities to those seen in somatic cells and in addition may help explain changes in microtubule arrays between generative cells and sperm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Tubulin is associated with a cortical-microtubule-organizing zone in the developing guard cells of Allium cepa L. (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Allium ; Cytoskeleton ; γ-Tubulin ; Guard cell ; Microtubule ; Stomata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A key event in the differentiation of elliptically shaped guard cells such as those in Allium is the formation of a radial array of cortical microtubules (Mts) which, by controlling the orientation of wall microfibrils, plays an important role in cell shaping. Previous experiments strongly indicated that the array is nucleated in a zone adjacent to the new ventral wall soon after cytokinesis. In order to further clarify the function of this zone, we performed dual immunolocalizations on Allium guard cells with anti-β-tubulin, to detect Mts, and an antibody to γ-tubulin, a protein known to be present at Mt-organizing centers in other species and recently identified in plants as well. γ-Tubulin antibody stained the cortical zone adjacent to the ventral wall, while little or no fluorescence was present elsewhere along the radial Mt array or at other sites in the cell. The antibody also stained the mitotic poles and phragmoplast in guard mother cells, as it does in other material. No staining was seen when the primary antibody was omitted. The results are consistent with nucleation of the radial array at a cortical-Mt-organizing zone next to the ventral wall, and set the stage for more in-depth studies on the spatial and temporal control of Mt formation in differentiating cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195693
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrospective cohort study of risk-factors for esophageal cancer in Linxian, People's Republic of China (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cohort study ; cytology screening ; diet ; esophageal cancer ; P.R. China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A retrospective cohort study of esophageal (including gastric cardia) cancer was conducted to examine dietary and other potential risk factors in Linxian, a high-risk area in P.R. China. Study subjects were identified based on participation in a cytology examination conducted in 1974. They were interviewed in 1989 to obtain information on esophageal cancer risk-factors and identify new cases and deaths. A total of 1,162 subjects from the analytic cohort of 12,693 were determined to have developed esophageal cancer over the 15-year follow-up period. Results indicate that increased age, male gender, a positive family history, low education level, surface-water use, and pork consumption were the strongest risk factors for esophageal cancer identified in this cohort, while use of corn as a primary staple and infrequent consumption of fresh vegetables also were possible risk factors. Traditional or suspected risk factors for esophageal cancer in this and other populations—smoking and alcohol use, and pickled vegetable and moldy food consumption—were not risk factors in this study. Some variation in risk was seen based on the subject's cytology result from 1974. We conclude that dietary factors appear to play a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer in this high-risk population, but are less important than other constitutional factors such as age, gender, and family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of cortical microfilaments in dividing root cells (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 23 (1992), S. 252-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Allium ; Tradescantia ; actin ; cell cortex ; division plane determination ; immunocytochemistry ; mitosis ; microtubules ; preprophase band ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to assess the possible role of microfilaments (Mfs) in events preceding plant cell division, actin was localized in root cells of Allium cepa and Tradescantia virginiana by immunofluorescence microscopy. The distribution of Mfs was compared to that of microtubules (Mts) by means of dual localizations employing both antiactin and antitubulin. Cycling interphase cells contain Mfs that extend into all regions of the cytoplasm in random fashion. Prior to the rearrangement of the cortical Mt array into the initial broad preprophase band (PPB), the number of Mfs in the cytoplasm decreases, while a new population appears in the cortex. The cortical Mfs, which usually occupy the entire cell surface, are aligned parallel to the cortical Mts. When the initial PPB appears, these Mfs still cover the cortex or are arranged as a broad band encompassing the PPB. As the PPB narrows, the Mfs are also confined to an increasingly restricted zone usually wider than the PPB.than the PPB. When the PPB reaches its narrowest, densest configuration, aligned Mfs are excluded from the band proper, while others appear in flanking regions of the cortex. From prometaphase through anaphase, cortical Mfs are largely restricted to the ends of the cell overlying the spindle poles; they also tend to become more randomly oriented. Little or no actin is present in the spindle. During telophase, the two zones of aligned cortical Mfs over the ends of the cell gradually disappear and are replaced by new interphase networks. These changes provide additional data on the possible control of PPB organization by actin, and in addition indicate that the cortex may be the origin of the actin that aggregates at the spindle poles during cytochalasin treatment. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970230405
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