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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation properties and alignment behavior of a liquid-crystalline polymer having laterally attached mesogenic groups (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 5134-5140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00018a018
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and thermal stability of the SiO2/GaAs interface with different surface treatments (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 258-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality SiO2 films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on GaAs wafers which received different surface treatments. It was found that metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors which received surface nitridation were unstable under high-temperature anneal (600 °C). These instabilities are interpreted in terms of free As precipitates at the interface. When, instead, a thin Si layer was deposited on the GaAs surface, stable interfaces were obtained at 600 °C. These MOS capacitors appear to show both deep depletion and inversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104217
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 4 enhances osteoblast macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not interleukin 6, production (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: M-CSF mRNA ; IL-1-B9 cells ; 5A1 ; M-CSF ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To determine if interleukin 4's (IL-4) recently discovered skeletal effects could be explained by its effects on osteoblasts, we have examined IL-4's impact on macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion by the murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Interleukin-4 increased colony-forming activity in MC3T3 supernatants two-threefold with colony cytomorphology, cytohistochemistry, and blockade of the effect by anti-M-CSF antibody, indicating that the IL-4-induced activity was M-CSF. MC3T3 M-CSF supernatant activity increased in a time-dependent manner with positive IL-4 effects seen after a 24-hour exposure. The maximal IL-4 effective dose was 100 U/ml where conditioned media from IL-4-treated cells contained twofold more M-CSF than control cells (400 U/ml versus 200 U/ml M-CSF) as detected by a sandwich M-CSF ELISA. Northern blots showed that IL-4 (200 U/ml) rapidly increased steady-state M-CSF mRNA levels with maximal induction observed by 2 hours followed by a decline to near basal levels by 24 hours. IL-4 also dose dependently increased M-CSF mRNA levels with maximal induction (fourfold) seen at 100 U/ml IL-4. In contrast to its impact on MC3T3 M-CSF production, IL-4 (200 U/ml) did not stimulate MC3T3 IL-6 secretion whereas IL-1 (1 pM) stimulated a 500-fold increase in MC3T3 IL-6 release. When utilized to treat newborn calvarial osteoblast-enriched cultures, IL-4 dose dependently augmented M-CSF production, with the maximal effect seen at 200 U/ml where IL-4-treated, osteoblast-conditioned media contained almost 500 U/ml M-CSF, compared with 200 U/ml M-CSF in controlconditioned media. These observations indicate that the range of IL-4 cellular targets in skeletal tissues include osteoblastic cells, and that this cytokine increases osteoblast expression of M-CSF, a hematopoietic cytokine pivotal for monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, IL-4's impact on osteoblast-produced M-CSF levels is selective because IL-6 levels were unaltered by IL-4 treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 4 increases type 5 acid phosphatase mrna expression in murine bone marrow macrophages (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 54 (1994), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: vitamin D ; glucocorticoids ; polymerase chain reaction ; osteoclasts ; M-CSF Abbreviations: TRAP ; tartrate resistant acid phosphatase; RT-PCR ; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; IL-4 ; interleukin 4 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Type 5 acid phosphatase is a lysosomal enzyme expressed in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage frequently used as a marker of osteoclastic differentiation. Oligonucleotide primers for DNA amplification were designed following sequence alignment of rat bone and human macrophage type 5 acid phosphatases. DNA (330 bp in length) obtained using these primers and reverse transcribed total cell RNA from in vitro generated murine osteoclastic cells was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis of two clones demonstrates that the amplified material was 91% and 96% identical to rat bone type 5 acid phosphatase at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. Northern blots of murine tissue RNA show the presence of 1.5-kb transcripts that are most highly expressed in the long bones. Total cell RNA from the osteoclastic cells contain a marked level of type 5 acid phosphatase mRNA when compared to the levels seen in the tissue samples. Additionally, osteoclastic cell RNA contains two additional transcripts of 2.5 and 5 kb. Bone marrow macrophages grown in the presence of M-CSF express low levels of the 1.5-kb transcript with no signal observed for either of the two larger transcripts that were seen in the osteoclastic RNA samples. Importantly, bone marrow macrophage 1.5-kb type 5 acid phosphatase transcript levels are increased by interleukin 4 treatment in both a time and concentration-dependent manner. These findings indicate that type 5 acid phosphatase, while a cytochemical marker for osteoclasts, can be induced in macrophages by agents that block in vitro osteoclastic differentiation. Increased type 5 acid phosphatase may play a role in interleukin 4-stimulated monocyte activities.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240540312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases type 1 interleukin-1 receptor expression in a murine T cell line (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 52 (1993), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Northern analysis ; vitamin D receptor ; metabolite specificity ; immune regulation ; cellular proliferation ; MTT assay ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25 (OH)2 D3, exerts important immunoregulatory effects in addition to being a central mediator of calcium/phosphate metabolism. Utilizing an interleukin 1 responsive murine T cell line and 125I-interleukin 1α, we show that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 (5,50 nM) enhanced 125I-interleukin 1α binding up to almost 2-fold over control. This 1,25 (OH)2 D3 effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was detectable after 24 h but not before 7 h of culture. Scatchard analysis of 125I-interleukin 1α binding data demonstrated that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced interleukin 1 receptor number without a significant change in affinity. The biologically less potent metabolite of vitamin D3, 25 (OH) D3, also augmented 125I-interleukin 1α binding but at steroid levels 2-3 log orders greater than 1,25 (OH)2 D3. This observation, combined with the presence of high-affinity 3H-1,25 (OH)2 D3 receptors (88 sites/cell, K = 0.45 nM) in cytosolic extracts, strongly suggests that the nuclear vitamin D receptor mediates this steroid's effect on interleukin 1 receptor expression. Based on the capacity of an anti-type 1 interleukin 1 receptor monoclonal antibody (35F5) to block 1,25 (OH)2 D3-enhanced 125I-interleukin 1α binding, we conclude that this steroid augments type 1 interleukin 1 receptor expression. When combined with interleukin 1, a cytokine that also impacts MD10 interleukin 1 receptor expression, 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced interleukin 1 receptor expression. Northern blots hybridized with a 32P-type 1 interleukin 1 receptor cDNA probe show that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced type 1 interleukin 1 receptor steady state mRNA levels. Functionally, 1,25 (OH)2 D3 pretreatment augmented the MD10 proliferative response to suboptimal levels of interleukin 1 (〈 100 fM interleukin 1α). These findings further support 1,25 (OH)2 D3's role as an immunoregulatory molecule and provides a possible mechanism by which this steroid could potentiate certain immune activities.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240520208
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