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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Commentary (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome ; Prednisolone ; Hepatic steatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050274
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved absorption of cyclosporin A from a new microemulsion formulation: implications for dosage and monitoring (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 9 (1995), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Cyclosporin A ; Pharmacokinetics ; Renal transplant ; Side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, a new oral microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin A (CsA) — Neoral (Sandoz, Basle, Switzerland) — with a higher bioavailability has become available. Ten stable paediatric renal transplant recipients with excessive variations in CsA trough levels with the original Sandimmun (Sandoz, Basle, Switzerland) preparation were switched to Neoral on a 1∶1 basis. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed impaired absorption of Sandimmun, in six patients. Compared with equal doses of Sandimmun, the 8-h area under the concentration-time curve increased from 1,422 to 2,657 ng×h/ml and the peak concentration rose from 319 to 824 ng/ml (P〈0.01). In six patients with Sandimmun malabsorption, conversion on a 1∶1 basis led to a reduction in creatinine clearance which was reversible after dose reduction by 9%–25%. With trough levels at the lower end of the present target range, creatinine clearance stabilised around pre-conversion values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00860745
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference values for cystatin C serum concentrations in children (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 12 (1998), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Renal function tests ; Reference values ; Cystatin C ; Creatinine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cystatin C, a low molecular weight protein, is a new endogenous marker of renal function whose serum concentration correlates better with glomerular filtration rate than creatinine. The aim of the present study was to define a reference interval for cystatin C concentrations in children. Cystatin C was measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay in sera obtained from 258 children (93 girls, 165 boys, median age 6.29 years, range 1 day to 18 years) without evidence of kidney disease. The reference interval was calculated non-parametrically using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. For comparison, creatinine was measured in the same samples. The cystatin C concentration was highest on the first days of life (range 1.64–2.59 mg/l) with a rapid decrease during the first 4 months. Beyond the 1st year, the cystatin C concentration was constant, with a reference interval of 0.7–1.38 mg/l. In contrast, serum creatinine concentrations steadily increased with age until adulthood. Compared with creatinine, cystatin C facilitates the recognition of abnormal renal function in children as its reference range is constant beyond the 1st year of life. The higher levels of cystatin C in the 1st year of life probably reflect the low glomerular filtration rate of neonates and infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050419
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in pediatric long-term liver transplant recipients converted from Sandimmun to Neoral (1997)
    Springer
    Transplant international 10 (1997), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Cyclosporin ; conversion ; liver transplantation ; Conversion ; cyclosporin ; liver transplantation ; Liver transplantation ; conversion ; cyclosporin ; Pediatric liver transplantation ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacokinetics ; pediatric liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Absorption of cyclosporin from the microemulsion formulation Neoral is less variable than from Sandimmun. Because of a lack of data in pediatric liver transplant recipients, the pharmacokinetic profiles with Sandimmun and Neoral were compared in a conversion study. Thirty-eight children with stable graft function were converted 2–12.3 years post-transplant at a 1:1 ratio. The trough-level (Cmin) with Neoral was 123 ± 39 ng/ml versus 134 ± 29 ng/ml with Sandimmun (P = NS), the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) was 3325 ± 1125 ng*h/ml versus 2423 ± 846 ng*h/ml (P 〈 0.001), the peak concentration (Cmax) was 650 ± 280 ng/ml versus 337 ± 142 ng/ml (P 〈 0.001), and the median time to Cmax was 2 h (range 0.5–3 h) versus 4 h (range 1–8 h; P 〈 0.05). The weak correlation between Cmin and AUC with Sandimmun (r = 0.5; P = NS) was improved by using Neoral (r = 0.7; P 〈 0.001). The best predictor of AUC was the 2-h concentration (C2 h) of Neoral (r = 0.9; P 〈 0.001). Increased absorption and a more predictable pharmacokinetic profile with Neoral permit safer therapeutic monitoring in children. The exclusive measurement of Neoral-C2 h allows one to estimate drug exposure with high precision ( 〉 90 %).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050080
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