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  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1
    Keywords: El-Niño-Phänomen
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 511 S , Ill., graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Progress in oceanography 54.2002,1/4
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 11 (2001), S. 757-765 
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of scroll waves in excitable media with spherical shell geometries is studied as a function of shell thickness and outer radius. The motion of scroll wave filaments that are the locii of phaseless points in the medium and organize the wave pattern is investigated. When the inner radius is sufficiently large the filaments remain attached to both the inner and outer surfaces. The minimum size of the sphere that supports spiral waves and the maximum number of spiral waves that can be sustained on a sphere of given size are determined for both regular and random initial distributions. When the inner radius is too small to support spiral waves the filaments detach from the inner surface and form a curved filament connecting the two spiral tips in the surface. In certain parameter domains the filament is an arc of a circle that shrinks with constant shape. For parameter values close to the meandering border, the filament grows and collisions with the sphere walls lead to turbulent filament dynamics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 10353-10360 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of inert sites (random impurities) in the global oscillations in the oxidation of CO on Pt(100) is studied analytically via a stability analysis of the underlying mean field model. The analysis shows that the introduction of a fraction θd of inert sites can reduce considerably the extent of the oscillatory region on the bifurcation diagram. The study of a mean field model explains some of the basic features that arise upon increasing the density of impurities on the catalytic surface, and it allows the analytical calculation of the bifurcation diagram. The analytical solution of the model reproduces well cellular automata simulations. In particular, we show the existence of a critical concentration of inert sites at which the oscillatory region vanishes and oscillations are no longer possible, due to the inability of the lattice to reach the minimum local concentration of CO required to trigger the surface reconstruction mechanism. We have evaluated this maximum defect concentration in the mean field approximation to be exactly θd*=1−θCO+, where θCO+ is the minimum CO concentration required to trigger the (hex) to (1×1) Pt substrate transition. For the set of parameters chosen, we find here θd*=0.6, which is in perfect agreement with our earlier simulation findings. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 8672-8679 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simulation of kinetic oscillations and dynamics of CO chemical fronts propagating through a Pt(100) substrate by the use of cellular automaton techniques, is reexamined with an extended interacting neighborhood model, that allows for a temperature dependence of the reaction constants. These new cellular automaton rules account for the structural phase transformations of the Pt substrate, the reaction kinetics of the adsorbed phase, and diffusion of adsorbed species. In addition it provides a richer variety of surface patterns formation. Specifically, we consider the effect of lateral interactions between adsorbed particles, this is taken into account our simulations through the definition of a site-dependent reaction constant, that is dependent of the state of the metal. This is achieved by considering an extended neighborhood of next-nearest-neighbors and beyond. For CO–CO and O–O attractive interactions, the oscillation amplitude increases as the interaction energy increases. It is shown herein that the presence of strong attractive lateral interactions in reacting adsorbate can lead to the spontaneous formation of traveling waves. The diffracting properties of the waves moving in the media with different composition (one part clean and other containing inert sites) are also investigated. It is shown that beyond a critical coverage, waves traveling from a clean part of the crystal to a partially covered surface are adsorbed by the media, destroying their coherence. Finally, it is shown that appropriate initial conditions can also lead to the formation of double stable spirals.© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over 400 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) died and many others displayed signs of neurological dysfunction along the central California coast during May and June 1998. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (diatom) was observed in the Monterey Bay region during the same period. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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