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  • 2010-2014  (5)
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  • 1
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    Occupational solvent exposure and risk of meningioma: results from the INTEROCC multicentre case-control study (2014)
    BMJ Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-06
    Description: Objective To examine associations between occupational exposure to selected organic solvents and meningioma. Methodology A multicentre case–control study conducted in seven countries, including 1906 cases and 5565 controls. Occupational exposure to selected classes of organic solvents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and ‘other’ organic solvents) or seven specific solvents (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, methylene chloride and gasoline) was assessed using lifetime occupational histories and a modified version of the FINJEM job-exposure matrix (INTEROCC-JEM). Study participants were classified as ‘exposed’ when they had worked in an occupation for at least 1 year, with a 5-year lag, in which the estimated prevalence of exposure was 25% or greater in the INTEROCC-JEM. Associations between meningioma and each of the solvent exposures were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 6.5% of study participants were ever exposed to ‘any’ solvent, with a somewhat greater proportion of controls (7%) ever exposed compared with cases (5%), but only one case was ever exposed to any chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,1,1-trichloroethane). No association was observed between any of the organic solvents and meningioma, in either men or women, and no dose–response relationships were observed in internal analyses using either exposure duration or cumulative exposure. Discussion We found no evidence that occupational exposure to these organic solvents is associated with meningioma.
    Keywords: Other exposures
    Print ISSN: 1351-0711
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-7926
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 2
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    Comparison of expert and job-exposure matrix-based retrospective exposure assessment of occupational carcinogens in the Netherlands Cohort Study (2012)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-11
    Description: Objectives Reliable retrospective exposure assessment continues to be a challenge in most population-based studies. Several methodologies exist for estimating exposures retrospectively, of which case-by-case expert assessment and job-exposure matrices (JEMs) are commonly used. This study evaluated the reliability of exposure estimates for selected carcinogens obtained through three JEMs by comparing the estimates with case-by-case expert assessment within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Methods The NLCS includes 58 279 men aged 55–69 years at enrolment in 1986. For a subcohort of these men (n=1630), expert assessment is available for exposure to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and welding fumes. Reliability of the different JEMs (DOMJEM (asbestos, PAHs), FINJEM (asbestos, PAHs and welding fumes) and Asbestos JEM (asbestos) was determined by assessing the agreement between these JEMs and the expert assessment. Results Expert assessment revealed the lowest prevalence of exposure for all three exposures (asbestos 9.3%; PAHs 5.3%; welding fumes 11.7%). The DOMJEM showed the highest level of agreement with the expert assessment for asbestos and PAHs (s=0.29 and 0.42, respectively), closely followed by the FINJEM. For welding fumes, concordance between the expert assessment and FINJEM was high (=0.70). The Asbestos JEM showed poor agreement with the expert asbestos assessment (=0.10). Conclusions This study shows case-by-case expert assessment to result in the lowest prevalence of occupational exposure in the NLCS. Furthermore, the DOMJEM and FINJEM proved to be rather similar in agreement when compared with the expert assessment. The Asbestos JEM appeared to be less appropriate for use in the NLCS.
    Keywords: Other exposures
    Print ISSN: 1351-0711
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-7926
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
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    Comparing JEMs in population-based studies: what if expert assessment and measurements are not available? Authors' response (2013)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-11
    Description: We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter of Behrens and Taeger 1 regarding our article ‘Comparison of expert and job-exposure matrix-based retrospective exposure assessment of occupational carcinogens in the Netherlands Cohort Study’. 2 Behrens and Taeger raise concerns about ‘validating’ existing job-exposure matrices (JEMs). Instead, they propose a recently developed web-based tool into which existing JEMs can be incorporated as job-specific modules (JSMs, a set of questions relevant to a specific job) and in which exposure estimates can be adapted according to available exposure measurements, expert opinion and study-specific circumstances. 3 As cohort members in the large Netherlands Cohort Study could no longer be approached, occupational exposure assessment could only be based on the available baseline information of job titles and period of employment. To better understand the implications of using a JEM as compared with expert assessment, we compared exposure estimates based...
    Print ISSN: 1351-0711
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-7926
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
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    Occupational carcinogen exposure in Canada (2014)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: My colleague Professor John Cherrie once said that we know more about the number of birds breeding in British meadows each year (see http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/BBSreport12_web.pdf ) than the number of workers exposed to carcinogens in the workplace. It is clearly important to monitor bird populations, but I would consider it of at least equal importance to know what hazardous agents workers are exposed to. However, there are few data sources that can provide accurate information on the prevalence of occupational exposures. In the early 1990s, Timo Kauppinen at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health led a team that aimed to estimate the prevalence of occupational exposure in 55 industries for 15 member states of the European Union (EU). 1 This CAREX system has been extensively used in surveillance and burden of disease studies as well as by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) within the Monograph...
    Print ISSN: 1351-0711
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-7926
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Comparison of exposure estimates in the Finnish job-exposure matrix FINJEM with a JEM derived from expert assessments performed in Montreal (2012)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: Context Retrospective exposure assessment in population-based case–control studies poses a major challenge due to the wide range of occupations and industries involved. The FINJEM is a generic job-exposure matrix (JEM) developed in Finland, which represents a potentially cost-effective exposure assessment tool. While FINJEM has been used in several studies outside Finland, little is known of its applicability in other countries. Methods We compared prevalence and intensity of exposure in FINJEM with a JEM developed from expert assessments of occupational histories obtained in a population-based case–control study in Montreal. Agreement for prevalence of exposure was measured by weighted coefficients between prevalence categories. Agreement for exposure intensity was measured by Spearman correlation coefficients between cells with non-null exposure. Results The comparison involved 27 chemicals, the time period 1945–1995 and included 4743 jobs initially assessed by the Montreal experts. 4293 combinations of agent, occupational title and period were available for comparison of prevalence. Agent-specific prevalence was consistently higher in the Montreal JEM (median difference 1.7%). Agent-specific values between prevalence categories varied from 0.89 (welding fumes) to 0.07 (flour dust). The comparison of exposure levels involved 14 agents and 198 cells with non-null exposure in both sources. Agent-specific Spearman correlation varied from 0.89 (flour dust) to –0.35 (benzo(a)pyrene). Conclusion Our observations suggest that information concerning several agents (eg, metals, welding fumes) can be successfully transported from Finland to Canada and probably other countries. However, for other agents, there was considerable disagreement, and hence, transportability of FINJEM cannot be assumed by default.
    Print ISSN: 1351-0711
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-7926
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
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