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Note: Front Cover -- Aggression -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Aggression -- Chapter 2: Evolutionary Aspects of Aggression: The Importance of Sexual Selection -- I. Introduction -- II. Sexual Selection -- III. Mating Systems -- IV. When to Fight and When to Flee -- V. Case Studies: Sexual Dimorphism -- VI. Humans and the Mammalian Pattern -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3: Signaling Aggression -- I. Introduction -- A. An ethological approach to aggression -- B. The classic game theory model -- C. Signaling games -- D. Threat displays and why they are part of aggression -- E. Evolutionary issues -- F. The challenge of "incomplete honesty -- G. Case studies in aggressive signaling -- II. Bird Song Signals Aggressive Intentions: Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick -- III. Visual Displays Signal Aggressive Intent in Cephalopods: The Sweet Smell of Success -- A. Cuttlefish agonistic bouts -- B. Squid agonistic bouts -- C. From molecules to aggression: Contact pheromone triggers strong aggression in squid -- D. Signaling aggression in humans -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Self-Structuring Properties of Dominance Hierarchies... -- I. Introduction -- II. Definitions -- A. Dominance relationships -- B. Dominance hierarchies -- III. Animal Models -- A. Chickens -- B. Fish -- C. Crustaceans -- D. Primates -- IV. Factors Affecting Dominance Relationships in Pairs of Animals -- A. Physical differences -- 1. Behavioral profile or personality -- B. Physiology -- C. Genetics -- D. Behavioral states: Winner, loser and bystander effects -- V. Formation of Dominance Relationships and Dominance Hierarchies in Groups -- A. Differences in individual attributes and hierarchy formation -- B. Influence of social factors on linear hierarchy formation. , VI. A New Approach to Explaining the Formation of Linear Hierarchies: Behavioral Processes -- A. Modifications of the jigsaw puzzle model -- B. Experimental evidence concerning animal cognitive abilities and processes of interaction -- VII. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Neurogenomic Mechanisms of Aggression in Songbirds -- I. Aggression in Context -- II. Hormonal Mechanisms of Aggression -- A. Territoriality in the breeding season -- B. Hormones and territoriality -- C. Aggression outside the breeding season -- 1. Aggression in flocks -- 2. Territoriality in the nonbreeding season -- D. Evolution of aggression and life history strategies -- III. Transcriptional Activity and Neural Mechanisms of Aggression in Birds -- A. Transcriptional traces of aggression reveal ubiquitous vertebrate themes -- B. Neurochemistry and major modulators -- IV. A Natural Model Uniting Social Behavior, Hormones, and Genetics -- A. The white-throated sparrow -- B. Endocrine and neuroendocrine correlates of behavioral polymorphism -- C. Causality and "phenotypic engineering -- D. Mapping the ZAL2m -- V. Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Genetics of Aggression in Voles -- I. Introduction -- II. The Prairie Vole Model -- III. Neural Correlates -- IV. Neural Circuitry -- V. Neurochemical Regulation of Selective Aggression -- A. Neuropeptides -- B. Dopamine -- C. Steroid hormones -- D. Classical neurotransmitters -- VI. Molecular Genetics of Selective Aggression -- VII. Drug-induced Aggression -- VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: The Neurochemistry of Human Aggression -- I. Introduction -- II. Serotonin -- III. Dopamine -- IV. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) -- V. GABA -- VI. Peptides -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Human Aggression Across the Lifespan. , I. Heritability of Aggression: Twin and Adoption Studies -- A. Does heritability vary depending on sex? -- B. Does heritability change across age? -- C. Do heritabilities vary across methods of assessment? -- D. Do heritabilities vary across forms of aggression? -- E. Does heritability vary depending on study design (twins vs. adopted siblings)? -- F. Criticisms of twin and adoption studies: Assumptions and generalizability -- II. G x E Interaction in Aggressive Behavior -- A. Potential moderators of genetic influence found in adoption and twin studies -- 1. Family adversity and social disadvantage -- 2. Violent media exposure -- 3. Alcohol use -- III. Specific Genes for Aggressive Behavior: Findings from Molecular Genetic Studies -- A. G x E interaction involving specific genes for aggressive behavior -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Perinatal Risk Factors in the Development of Aggression and Violence -- I. Introduction -- II. The Neurobiological and Psychophysiological Systems Involved in the Regulation of Aggression and Violence -- A. Types of aggressive behavior -- B. Neurobiological bases of aggression and violence -- 1. Amygdala -- 2. Anterior cingulate cortex -- 3. Prefrontal cortex -- 4. Hypothalamus -- C. Neurochemical signals of aggression and violence -- 1. Neurotransmitters-serotonin -- 2. Neurotransmitters-dopamine -- 3. Neurotransmitters-norepinephrine -- D. Hormones -- 1. Testosterone -- 2. Cortisol -- 3. Oxytocin -- E. Autonomic response measures -- 1. Heart rate and electrodermal activity -- F. Electro cortical response measures -- III. Perinatal Factors Related to the Development of Aggression -- A. Birth complications -- B. Preterm birth and low birth weight -- C. Prenatal drug and alcohol exposure -- 1. Alcohol -- 2. Drugs -- D. Smoking -- E. Maternal psychological stress -- F. Environmental context. , IV. Genetic Contributions -- A. Genetic factors as explanatory -- B. Gene by environment (G x E) interactions -- 1. Monoamine oxidase genotype -- 2. Genes related to dopaminergic function -- 3. Catechol O-methyltransferase -- C. The role of epigenetics -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Neurocriminology -- I. Introduction -- II. Psychodynamic Theories -- III. Neuroimaging -- A. Structural imaging studies -- B. Functional imaging studies -- IV. Neuropsychological Testing -- V. Psychophysiological Evidence -- A. Electrocortical measures -- 1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) -- 2. Event-related potentials (ERPs) -- 3. Low resting heart rate -- 4. Skin conductance -- VI. Genetics -- A. Twin studies -- B. Adoption studies -- C. Molecular genetics -- D. ACE model -- E. Gene-environment interaction -- VII. Nongenetic Risk Factors -- A. Prenatal -- 1. Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) -- 2. Tobacco -- 3. Alcohol -- B. Perinatal risk factors -- C. Postnatal -- 1. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- VIII. The Limitations and Potential of Neurocriminology -- IX. Modifiable Risk Factor Interventions -- X. Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Colour Plate.