Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Differential Geometry -- 1.1 Manifolds -- 1.2 Tangent Vectors -- 1.3 Vector Fields, Integral Curves, and Flows -- 1.4. Tensors and Tensor Fields on Manifolds -- 1.5. The Action of Smooth Maps on Tensor Fields -- 1.6. Lie Derivatives -- 1.7. Derivative Operators and Geodesics -- 1.8. Curvature -- 1.9. Metrics -- 1.10 Hypersurfaces -- 1.11 Volume Elements -- 2. Classical Relativity Theory -- 2.1 Relativistic Spacetimes -- 2.2 Temporal Orientation and "Causal Connectibility" -- 2.3 Proper Time -- 2.4 Space/Time Decomposition at a Point and Particle Dynamics -- 2.5 The Energy-Momentum Field Tab -- 2.6 Electromagnetic Fields -- 2.7 Einstein's Equation -- 2.8 Fluid Flow -- 2.9 Killing Fields and Conserved Quantities -- 2.10 The Initial Value Formulation -- 2.11 Friedmann Spacetimes -- 3. Special Topics -- 3.1 Gödel Spacetime -- 3.2 Two Criteria of Orbital (Non-) Rotation -- 3.3 A No-Go Theorem about Orbital (Non-) Rotation -- 4. Newtonian Gravitation Theory -- 4.1 Classical Spacetimes -- 4.2 Geometrized Newtonian Theory-First Version -- 4.3 Interpreting the Curvature Conditions -- 4.4 A Solution to an Old Problem about Newtonian Cosmology -- 4.5 Geometrized Newtonian Theory-Second Version -- Solutions to Problems -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Regulaton of Potassium Distribution -- 2.1 Effect of Sodium, Potassium ATPase Activity on Distribution -- 2.2 Hormonal Effects on Distribution -- 2.3 Aldosterone's Effect on Distribution -- 2.4 Factors Transiently Affecting Distribution -- Potassium Transport in Segments of the Nephron -- 3.1 Reabsorption in the Proximate Tubule -- 3.2 Reabsorption in the Loop of Henle -- 3.3 Secretion and Absorption in the Distal Nephron -- Regulation of Potassium Excretion -- 4.1 Effect of Tubular Flow Rate on Reabsorption -- 4.2 Hormonal Effects on Reabsorption -- 4.2.1 Angiotensin II -- 4.2.2 Vasopressin -- 4.2.3 Prostaglandin E2 -- Control of Aldosterone Secretion -- 5.1 Cellular Mechanisms of Aldosterone Secretion -- 5.2 Control of Renin Release -- 5.3 Long-term Control of Aldosterone -- System Analysis of Potassium Regulation -- 6.1 Tenets of the Hypothesis -- 6.1.1 The Mathematical Model -- 6.2 Comparison of Model Simulations with Experimental Data -- 6.3 Model Prediction -- 6.3.1 Clinically Relevant Model Predictions -- 6.4 Questions Raised by the Model -- 6.5 Summary -- Pharmacotherapeutics Interactions -- 7.1 Diuretics -- 7.2 Inhibitors of Angiotensin Formation or Receptor Binding -- 7.3 Mineralocorticoid Antagonists -- 7.4 Beta Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- 7.5 Insulin -- Disorders of Potassium Control -- 8.1  Hyperkalemia -- 8.2  Hypokalemia -- 8.2.1 Clinical Symptoms -- 8.3  Etiology of Potassium Depletion and Hypokalemia -- 8.3.1 Gastrointestinal Loss -- 8.3.2 Loss in Sweat -- 8.4  Diagnosis and Treatment -- 8.4.1 Dietary Modification -- 8.4.2 Potassium Supplements -- 8.4.3 Potassium Sparing Diuretics -- 8.5  Summary -- References -- Author Bibliography.

Note: Intro -- MAST CELLS: PHENOTYPIC FEATURES, BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN IMMUNITY -- MAST CELLS: PHENOTYPIC FEATURES, BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN IMMUNITY -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOLOGY OF MAST CELLS -- MAST CELL ACTIVATION -- BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MAST CELLS AND ROLE IN IMMUNITY -- MAST CELLS AT THE INTERFACE OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY -- MAST CELLS IN DISEASES -- MAST CELLS IN CANCER -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: SPATIAL PATTERNS IN MAST CELL ACTIVATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LENGTH SCALES IN MAST CELL SIGNALING -- PATTERNED SUBSTRATES -- FLUID MEMBRANE SUBSTRATES AND MAST CELLS -- THE MAST CELL SYNAPSE -- EFFECTS OF LIGAND PRESENTATION -- MODELS OF MAST CELL SYNAPSE FORMATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: MAST CELL WITHIN THE MICROENVIRONMENT: CELLULAR AND MATRIX CROSS-TALK IN PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HETEROGENEOUS MC-DERIVED MEDIATORS -- 3. MC IN CELL-CELL AND CELL-MATRIX INTERACTIONS THROUGH MEMBRANE-BOUND MOLECULES AND SOLUBLE FACTORS -- 4. MC AS A MULTIPLE TASKING CELL IN THE PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF CANCER -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: MAST CELL IN IMMUNE FUNCTION AND LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERVIEW -- 3. MAST CELL RECEPTORS -- 4. MELL CELL ACTIVATION AND RELEASE OF MEDIATORS -- 5. DRUG AND OTHER CHEMICAL-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF MAST CELL -- 6. PRO - VS. ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF MAST CELLS -- 7. MAST CELL IN AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASE -- 8. MAST CELLS IN VASCULITIS AND OTHER VASCULOPATHY -- 9. MAST CELL IN ENDOTHELIAL CELL ACTIVATION AND LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT -- 10. MAST CELL MEDIATORS AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF LEUKOCYTIC INFLAMMATION. , CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: THE FUNCTION OF MAST CELLS IN INNATE IMMUNITY: INTERACTION OF MAST CELLS WITH GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RECOGNITION OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL PRODUCTS BY MAST CELLS -- MAST CELL MEDIATORS: MULTIPLEX PLAYERS AGAINST GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA -- MAST CELLS IN HOST DEFENCE AT THE GASTROINTESTINAL BARRIER -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT OF MAST CELL ACTIVATION SYNDROME -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION: A NEW CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE SPECTRUM AND PREVALENCE OF MAST CELL DISEASE -- CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF MAST CELL ACTIVATION SYNDROME -- DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO MAST CELL ACTIVATION SYNDROME -- MANAGEMENT OF MAST CELL ACTIVATION SYNDROME -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: MULTIPLE ROLES OF MAST CELLS IN HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: THE ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN NEOPLASM ANGIOGENESIS AND BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MAST CELLS IN BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS -- MAST CELLS IN NEOPLASM PROGRESSION AND ANGIOGENESIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: MAST CELLS AND THEIR EVOLVING ROLE IN THE HUMAN TESTIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND GRANT SUPPORT -- DISCLOSURE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: MAST CELLS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MUCOSAL MAST CELLS -- INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE -- INTESTINAL FIBROSIS IN IBD -- ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN IBD -- REGULATION OF MAST CELLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IBD -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- Conversion table -- Part 1 Early history: pre-1900 to 1960 -- Chapter 1: Pre-1900 -- Water for a new settlement -- Blackburn's water supply ideas -- The Yan Yean scheme -- Challenges to maintaining adequate water supply -- Diversion of the Watts River and construction of the Maroondah Aqueduct -- Continued growth of Melbourne -- Links between water quality, human activity and disease -- The Royal Commission into the Sanitary Condition of Melbourne -- Chapter 2: 1901 to 1939 -- 'Enemies of water supply': drought and rapid population growth -- The Acheron option -- New water supplies: the O'Shannassy River and augmentation of the Maroondah system -- New water supplies: the O'Shannassy River -- 1920s: further expansion of water infrastructure -- Ritchie's ideas for Melbourne's water and securing of supply options -- Commencement of the Upper Yarra scheme -- Bushfires: 1939 Black Friday fires -- Chapter 3: 1940 to 1960 -- Aftermath of the 1939 bushfires -- Integrity of the water supply: protection from disease -- Expansion of the Upper Yarra scheme: the reservoir -- Part 2 1961 to 2012: a water man's perspective -- Chapter 4: 1961 to 1984 -- 1962: 'The future water supply' report -- The 1967-68 drought -- Additional infrastructure and water supply options -- New water supply infrastructure for Melbourne -- Commencement of the Thomson River scheme -- Fluoridation of Melbourne's water -- Sugarloaf Reservoir and Winneke Treatment Plant: construction and controversy -- Additional options to secure Melbourne's water supply -- Bushfires in the catchments: the Ash Wednesday fires of February 1983 -- Chapter 5: 1985 to 2012 -- Water supply strategies: 1986 and 1991 -- The water catchment forests -- The end of the MMBW -- Prolonged drought: 1997-2009. , The North-South Pipeline -- Desalination plant -- Utilising the new infrastructure: the North-South Pipeline v. the desalination plant -- Were there potential alternatives to the North-South Pipeline and the desalination plant? -- Chapter 6: The future -- Water availability and distribution -- Demand for water -- Water supply strategies and options: the need for advance planning -- Future threats to water supply -- Logging and other forest values -- Environmental impacts -- The development of the water supply system -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. The Hague Dialogues -- Chapter 2. Pinḥas Elijah ben Meir Hurwitz: Toward a Biography of a Popular Author and Aggressive Book Dealer -- Chapter 3. Why Should a Kabbalist Care about the Natural World? The Meaning of Scientific Knowledge for Pinḥas Hurwitz -- Chapter 4. Judaism and Metaphysics: Hurwitz's Epistemological and Historical Critique of Philosophy -- Chapter 5. The Moral Cosmopolitanism of Pinḥas Hurwitz: Some Initial Conjectures -- Chapter 6. The Readers of Sefer ha-Brit -- Epilogue -- Appendix 1. Editions of Sefer ha-Brit -- Appendix 2. Hurwitz's Instructions on Printing His Book, from His Second Introduction -- Appendix 3. The Contents of Sefer ha-Brit -- Notes -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Forecast Verification -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Preface to the First Edition -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A brief history and current practice -- 1.1.1 History -- 1.1.2 Current practice -- 1.2 Reasons for forecast verification and its benefits -- 1.3 Types of forecast and verification data -- 1.4 Scores, skill and value -- 1.4.1 Skill scores -- 1.4.2 Artificial skill -- 1.4.3 Statistical significance -- 1.4.4 Value added -- 1.5 Data quality and other practical considerations -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Basic concepts -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of predictand -- 2.3 Exploratory methods -- 2.4 Numerical descriptive measures -- 2.5 Probability, random variables and expectations -- 2.6 Joint, marginal and conditional distributions -- 2.7 Accuracy, association and skill -- 2.8 Properties of verification measures -- 2.9 Verification as a regression problem -- 2.10 The Murphy-Winkler framework -- 2.11 Dimensionality of the verification problem -- 3 Deterministic forecasts of binary events -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theoretical considerations -- 3.2.1 Some basic descriptive statistics -- 3.2.2 A general framework for verification: the distributions-oriented approach -- 3.2.3 Performance measures in terms of factorizations of the joint distribution -- 3.2.4 Diagrams for visualizing performance measures -- 3.2.5 Case study: verification of cloud-fraction forecasts -- 3.3 Signal detection theory and the ROC -- 3.3.1 The signal detection model -- 3.3.2 The relative operating characteristic (ROC) -- 3.4 Metaverification: criteria for assessing performance measures -- 3.4.1 Desirable properties -- 3.4.2 Other properties -- 3.5 Performance measures -- 3.5.1 Overview of performance measures -- 3.5.2 Sampling uncertainty and confidence intervals for performance measures -- 3.5.3 Optimal threshold probabilities -- Acknowledgements. , 4 Deterministic forecasts of multi-category events -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The contingency table: notation, definitions, and measures of accuracy -- 4.2.1 Notation and definitions -- 4.2.2 Measures of accuracy -- 4.3 Skill scores -- 4.3.1 Desirable attributes -- 4.3.2 Gandin and Murphy equitable scores -- 4.3.3 Gerrity equitable scores -- 4.3.4 LEPSCAT -- 4.3.5 SEEPS -- 4.3.6 Summary remarks on scores -- 4.4 Sampling variability of the contingency table and skill scores -- 5 Deterministic forecasts of continuous variables -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Forecast examples -- 5.3 First-order moments -- 5.3.1 Bias -- 5.3.2 Mean Absolute Error -- 5.3.3 Bias correction and artificial skill -- 5.3.4 Mean absolute error and skill -- 5.4 Second- and higher-order moments -- 5.4.1 Mean Squared Error -- 5.4.2 MSE skill score -- 5.4.3 MSE of scaled forecasts -- 5.4.4 Correlation -- 5.4.5 An example: testing the 'limit of predictability' -- 5.4.6 Rank correlations -- 5.4.7 Comparison of moments of the marginal distributions -- 5.4.8 Graphical summaries -- 5.5 Scores based on cumulative frequency -- 5.5.1 Linear Error in Probability Space (LEPS) -- 5.5.2 Quantile-quantile plots -- 5.5.3 Conditional quantile plots -- 5.6 Summary and concluding remarks -- 6 Forecasts of spatial fields -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Matching methods -- 6.3 Traditional verification methods -- 6.3.1 Standard continuous and categorical approaches -- 6.3.2 S1 and anomaly correlation -- 6.3.3 Distributional methods -- 6.4 Motivation for alternative approaches -- 6.5 Neighbourhood methods -- 6.5.1 Comparing neighbourhoods of forecasts and observations -- 6.5.2 Comparing spatial forecasts with point observations -- 6.6 Scale separation methods -- 6.7 Feature-based methods -- 6.7.1 Feature-matching techniques -- 6.7.2 Structure-Amplitude-Location (SAL) technique -- 6.8 Field deformation methods. , 6.8.1 Location metrics -- 6.8.2 Field deformation -- 6.9 Comparison of approaches -- 6.10 New approaches and applications: the future -- 6.11 Summary -- 7 Probability forecasts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Probability theory -- 7.2.1 Basic concepts from probability theory -- 7.2.2 Probability forecasts, reliability and sufficiency -- 7.3 Probabilistic scoring rules -- 7.3.1 Definition and properties of scoring rules -- 7.3.2 Commonly used scoring rules -- 7.3.3 Decomposition of scoring rules -- 7.4 The relative operating characteristic (ROC) -- 7.5 Evaluation of probabilistic forecasting systems from data -- 7.5.1 Three examples -- 7.5.2 The empirical ROC -- 7.5.3 The empirical score as a measure of performance -- 7.5.4 Decomposition of the empirical score -- 7.5.5 Binning forecasts and the leave-one-out error -- 7.6 Testing reliability -- 7.6.1 Reliability analysis for forecast A: the reliability diagram -- 7.6.2 Reliability analysis for forecast B: the chi-squared test -- 7.6.3 Reliability analysis for forecast C: the PIT -- Acknowledgements -- 8 Ensemble forecasts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Example data -- 8.3 Ensembles interpreted as discrete samples -- 8.3.1 Reliability of ensemble forecasts -- 8.3.2 Multidimensional reliability -- 8.3.3 Discrimination -- 8.4 Ensembles interpreted as probabilistic forecasts -- 8.4.1 Probabilistic interpretation of ensembles -- 8.4.2 Probabilistic skill metrics applied to ensembles -- 8.4.3 Effect of ensemble size on skill -- 8.5 Summary -- 9 Economic value and skill -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The cost/loss ratio decision model -- 9.2.1 Value of a deterministic binary forecast system -- 9.2.2 Probability forecasts -- 9.2.3 Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic binary forecasts -- 9.3 The relationship between value and the ROC -- 9.4 Overall value and the Brier Skill Score. , 9.5 Skill, value and ensemble size -- 9.6 Applications: value and forecast users -- 9.7 Summary -- 10 Deterministic forecasts of extreme events and warnings -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Forecasts of extreme events -- 10.2.1 Challenges -- 10.2.2 Previous studies -- 10.2.3 Verification measures for extreme events -- 10.2.4 Modelling performance for extreme events -- 10.2.5 Extreme events: summary -- 10.3 Warnings -- 10.3.1 Background -- 10.3.2 Format of warnings and observations for verification -- 10.3.3 Verification of warnings -- 10.3.4 Warnings: summary -- Acknowledgements -- 11 Seasonal and longer-range forecasts -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Forecast formats -- 11.2.1 Deterministic and probabilistic formats -- 11.2.2 Defining the predictand -- 11.2.3 Inclusion of climatological forecasts -- 11.3 Measuring attributes of forecast quality -- 11.3.1 Skill -- 11.3.2 Other attributes -- 11.3.3 Statistical significance and uncertainty estimates -- 11.4 Measuring the quality of individual forecasts -- 11.5 Decadal and longer-range forecast verification -- 11.6 Summary -- 12 Epilogue: new directions in forecast verification -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Review of key concepts -- 12.3 Forecast evaluation in other disciplines -- 12.3.1 Statistics -- 12.3.2 Finance and economics -- 12.3.3 Medical and clinical studies -- 12.4 Current research and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix: Verification Software -- A.1 What is good software? -- A.1.1 Correctness -- A.1.2 Documentation -- A.1.3 Open source/closed source/commercial -- A.1.4 Large user base -- A.2 Types of verification users -- A.2.1 Students -- A.2.2 Researchers -- A.2.3 Operational forecasters -- A.2.4 Institutional use -- A.3 Types of software and programming languages -- A.3.1 Spreadsheets -- A.3.2 Statistical programming languages -- A.4 Institutional supported software. , A.4.1 Model Evaluation Tool (MET) -- A.4.2 Ensemble Verification System (EVS) -- A.4.3 EUMETCAL Forecast Verification Training Module -- A.5 Displays of verification information -- A.5.1 National Weather Service Performance Management -- A.5.2 Forecast Evaluation Tool -- Glossary -- References -- Index -- Color Plate.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- CHAPTER 1. Bringing It All Back Home -- CHAPTER 2. Dinosauria of Transylvania -- CHAPTER 3. Pterosaurs, Crocs, and Mammals, Oh My -- CHAPTER 4. Living on the Edge -- CHAPTER 5. Little Giants and Big Dwarfs -- CHAPTER 6. Living Fossils and Their Ghosts: Being a Short Interlude on Coelacanths and Transylvanian Ornithopods -- CHAPTER 7. Transylvania, the Land of Contingency -- CHAPTER 8. Alice and the End -- Notes -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- Z -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Color plates.

Note: Intro -- RUTHENIUM: PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS -- RUTHENIUM: PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMALLY-ACTIVATED PULSED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF RUTHENIUM THIN FILMS USING CARBONYL-DIENE PRECURSOR -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Pulsed CVD Equipment -- 1.1. Tool Design -- 1.2. Tool Features -- 1.2.1. Vacuum performance -- 1.2.2. Gas pulse shape and parameters -- 1.2.3. Role of MFC in pulsed deposition processes -- 1.3. Consecutive Pulsed CVD Process Options -- 1.3.1. Consecutive pulsed mode features -- 1.3.2. Evacuation steps in the process cycle -- 1.3.3. Process cycle duration and pulse length design -- 1.4. Temperature Conditions -- 2. Pulsed CVD Process Methodology -- 2.1. Pulsed CVD Process Cycle Design -- 2.2. Precursor and Sample Characterization -- 2.3. Typical Pulsed CVD Process Procedure -- 2.4. Ruthenium Thin Film Analysis -- 2.4.1. Ru thin film thickness measurements -- 2.4.2. Ru thin film properties studies -- 3. Ru Film Growth Kinetics on Silicon and Sio2 Surfaces -- 3.1. Ru Film Appearance and Growth vs Precursor Vapor Concentration -- 3.2. Ru Film Appearance and Growth vs Cycle Number -- 3.3. Ru Film Growth Kinetics vs Deposition Temperature -- 3.4. Ru Film Appearance and Growth vs Process Pressure -- 3.5. Ru Film Growth Kinetics vs Second Reactant -- 3.5.1. Single second reactant and MOCVD cases -- 3.5.2. Ru film growth kinetics vs second reactant sequence -- 3.6. Ru Film Growth in 3D Structures -- 3.7. Ru Film Growth Kinetics Features Summary -- 3.7. Importance of Nucleation for Ru Film Growth -- 4. Ru Nucleation Features -- 4.1. Samples for Nucleation Characterization and Evaluation Methodology -- 4.2. Ruthenium Film Nucleation and Growth on the Dielectric Layers. , 4.3. Ruthenium Film Growth on Metal Seed Layers -- 4.4. Ruthenium Film Growth in 3D Structures with Metal Seed Layers -- 4.5. Ru Film Surface Selectivity -- 4.6. Anomalous Features of Ru Film Nucleation and Growth -- 5. Ru Film Structure, Composition and Properties -- 5.1. Ruthenium Film Structure -- 5.1.1. Some specific types of ruthenium film appearance -- 5.1.2. Ru film structure studies -- 5.2. Ruthenium Film Composition -- 5.3. Ruthenium Film Properties -- 6. Schemes of Ru Film Growth -- 6.1. Brief Consolidation of Supported Data -- 6.2. Basic Concept of Ru Growth -- 6.3. Ruthenium Film Growth Schemes at Low Temperatures -- 6.4. Ruthenium Growth Schemes at High Temperatures -- 6.5. Ru Growth in Extremely Low-Temperature Region -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Author biography -- Chapter 2 SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OVER HETEROGENEOUS RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Functional Groups -- 3. Hydrogenation Properties of Ruthenium Catalysts -- 3.1. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis -- 3.2. Ammonia Synthesis on Ruthenium Catalysts -- 4. Selective HydrogenATION OF , -Unsaturated Aldehydes to , -Unsaturated Alcohols over Ruthenium Catalysts -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Some Words about Importance of Unsaturated Alcohols -- 4.3. Reaction Pathways in the Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Aldehydes -- 4.4. Factors Influencing Selectivity of Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Aldehydes to Unsaturated Alcohols -- 4.4.1. The effect of an organic compound structure -- 4.4.2. The effect of catalyst structure -- 4.4.2.1. The effect of ruthenium dispersion -- 4.4.2.2. The effect of support -- 4.4.2.3. The effect of second metal -- 5. Hydrogenation of Halogenated Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Halogenated Anilines -- 5.1. Introduction. , 5.2. Halogenated Anilines as Important Intermediates -- 5.3. Reaction Pathways in the Hydrogenation of Halonitrobenzenes -- 5.4. Chemical Methods of Reduction of Aromatic Halonitro Compounds -- 5.5. Ruthenium Catalysts in Hydrogenation of Halogenated Aromatic Nitro Compounds: Structure - Activity Relationships -- 5.5.1. The effect of the structure of organic compound molecule on the selectivity of hydrogenation of halonitroarenes to haloanilines -- 5.5.2. The effect of catalyst structure on the selectivity of hydrogenation of halonitroarenes to haloanilines -- 5.5.2.1. The effect of ruthenium dispersion -- 5.5.2.2. The effect of support and preparation procedure -- 5.5.2.3. The effect of additional metal -- Conclusions and Prospects for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 RACEMIZATION OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS OVER HETEROGENEOUS RU-CATALYSTS -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Chemistry of Ruthenium -- 1.2. Ruthenium in Zeolites -- 1.3. Ruthenium Complexes -- 1.4. Heterogeneous Ruthenium Catalysts -- 1.5. One-Pot Syntheses -- 1.5.1. One-Pot systhesis of (R)-1-phenylethylacetate starting from acetophenone hydrogenation -- 1.5.2. Shvo´s catalyst -- 1.6. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution -- 1.6.1. DKR with Shvo's Catalyst -- 3.3. Racemization Catalysts -- 3.3.1. Influence of Ru concentration -- 3.3.2. Influence of Ru oxidation state -- 3.3.3. Reuse of Ru catalysts in the racemization of secondary alcohols -- 3.4. Influence of Solvents in the Racemization of Secondary Alcohols -- 3.5. Influence of Acyl Donor in the Racemization of Alcohol -- 3.6. Reaction Mechanism -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4 CATALYSIS BY RUTHENIUM HALO, OXO AND PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Microdetermination of Ruthenium(III) and Applications of Ruthenium Complexes -- 2. Ruthenium Catalyzed Reactions. , 2.1. Metathesis and Polymerization -- 2.2. Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation -- 2.3. Oxidation -- 2.4. Complex Formation/Cyclization -- 2.5. Ruthenium Porphyrin -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES CONTAINING IMINOPHOSPHORANE LIGANDS: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, REACTIVITY AND APPLICATIONS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ruthenium Complexes Containing Mixed Iminophosphorane-Phosphine Ligands -- Ruthenium Complexes Containing Methanide and Methandiide Anions Derived from Bis(Iminophosphorane)Methane Ligands -- Ruthenium Complexes Containing other Iminophosphorane-Based Ligands -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 RUTHENIUM CARBONYL COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION REACTIONS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ruthenium Catalysed Hydrogenation and Tranfer Hydrogenation Reactions -- Chemoselective Hydrogenation With Molecular Hydrogen (H2) -- Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions -- Enantioselective Hydrogenation Reactions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES AS PHOTOSENSITIZERS: NEW POSSIBILITIES IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY -- I. Abstract -- II. Introduction -- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) -- Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Photosensitizers -- Interactions of DNA and Ruthenium Complexes -- Ruthenium in Medicine -- III. Monometallic Ruthenium Complexes -- IV. DNA Interactions with Multi-metallic Ruthenium Complexes -- V. Porphyrin-Ruthenium Complexes in PDT -- References -- Chapter 8 RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES FOR PHYSIOLOGY RESEARCH -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ruthenium Complexes as Fluorescent Probes -- Nucleic Acid Nickers, Cutters, and Antitumoral Drugs -- Subcellular Localization Strategies -- Labeling Specific Proteins -- Ruthenium Complexes as Phototriggers -- Exquisite Control: Neurobiology Applications -- Further Applications -- Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 9 RUTHENIUM THIOSEMICARBAZONE COMPLEXES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ligands -- 2.1. Bidentate Ligands -- 2.1.1. Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (BzTSC) Complexes -- 2.1.2. Thiophen-2-Aldehyde Thiosemicarbazone Complexes -- 2.1.3. Acetophenone Thiosemicarbazone Complexes -- 2.1.4. Anthracene-9-Aldehyde Thiosemicarbazone Complexes -- 2.2. Tridentate Ligands -- 2.2.1. Salicylaldehde Thiosemicarbazone Complexes -- 2.2.2. Pyridine-2-Aldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (PyTSC) and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Complexes (AcPyTSC) -- 2.2.3. Dehydroacetic Acid Thiosemicarbazones Complexes -- 2.3. Tetra Dentate Ligands -- 2.3.1. 2,6 Diacetylpyridine Mono(4-(4-Tolyl)Thiosemicarbazone) -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 RUTHENIUM-CATALYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF OLEIC ACID DERIVATIVES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Indirect Oxidations -- A. Synthesis of Epoxy, Diol, Ketol, Diketone Compounds -- B. Cross-Metathesis of Oleic Acid -- II. Catalytic Oxidative Systems for Oleic Acid Derivatives Cleavage -- A. Ru / NaOCl -- B. Ru / Peracid -- C. Ru / NaIO4 -- III. Oleic Acid Acid Cleavage by Rucl3 / Naio4 under Ultrasonic Irradiation -- A. Sonochemistry -- B. Oleic Acid Oxidation in Water -- C. Optimization of Oleic Acid Oxidative Cleavage -- D. Synergy Aliquat® 336 and Ultrasound for the Oxidative Cleavage of Oleic Acid with 2% Rucl3 / 4.1equiv Naio4 - H2o/Mecn Ratio 1:1 -- E. Comparison between Catalyst Amounts for Oleic Acid Cleavage -- VI. Oxidative Cleavage Mechanisms -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 A REUSABLE POLYMER ANCHORED RUTHENIUM (II) COMPLEX CATALYST FOR THE REDUCTIVE CARBONYLATION OF NITROAROMATICS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Carbonylation Procedure -- Preparation of Catalyst -- Preparation of P-Bromopolystyrene (2). , Preparation of Lithiated Polystyrene (3) and Polymer Anchored Phenylpyridine (4).

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Biographies of the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction and background -- What are temperate woodlands? -- Why is conserving biodiversity on farms beneficial and important? -- Background material for this book -- Chapter 2: What makes a good remnant? -- Introduction -- The ground layer -- The understorey layer -- The overstorey layer -- Remnant size -- The importance of adjacency and landscape context -- Summary -- Chapter 3: What makes a good planting? -- Introduction -- Where should you plant? -- How big should your planting be? -- What shape should a planting be? -- What should you plant? -- Management of plantings -- Summary -- Chapter 4: What makes a good paddock forbiodiversity? -- Introduction -- Paddock trees -- Threats to paddock trees and threat management -- Fallen timber -- Native grasses -- Shrubs and saltbush -- Summary -- Chapter 5: What makes a good rocky outcrop? -- Introduction -- Island mountains -- Ecological value of rocky outcrops -- Cultural values of granite outcrops -- Attributes of rocky outcrops -- Threats to rocky outcrops and their management -- Summary -- Chapter 6: What makes a good waterway? -- Introduction -- Why are waterways so important for farm biodiversity? -- Attributes of well-managed streams and natural drainage lines -- Attributes of well-managed farm dams -- Summary -- Chapter 7: What makes a good farm for biodiversity? -- Introduction -- The importance of variation or heterogeneity in native vegetation on farms -- Conserving biodiversity on farms - impediment or opportunity? -- Developing a farm plan -- Beyond the farm - the landscape scale -- Travelling stock reserves as critical parts of agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation -- Summary -- Conclusion -- Index.

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01LI1001 A-F. - Verbund-Nummer 01083345 , Literaturverzeichnis: Blätter 68-81 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden