Note: Intro -- Copyright -- Series Page -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamental Absorption in Quantum Dots -- 2.1 Spherical quantum dot -- 2.1.1 Strong regime -- 2.1.2 Weak regime -- 2.1.3 Intermediate regime -- 2.2 Cylindrical quantum dot -- 2.2.1 Energy spectrum and wave function -- 2.2.2 Direct interband absorption -- 2.2.3 Excitonic effects -- 2.3 Conical quantum dot -- 2.3.1 Energy spectrum and wave function -- 2.3.2 Direct interband absorption -- 2.4 Ellipsoidal quantum dot -- 2.4.1 Energy spectrum and wave function -- 2.4.2 Direct interband absorption -- 2.5 Lens-shaped quantum dot -- 2.6 Spherical layered quantum dot -- 2.6.1 Energy spectrum and wave function -- 2.6.2 Interband absorption -- 3 Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Absorption Spectra -- 3.1 Interband transitions in the absence of a magnetic field -- 3.2 Effect of magnetic field on the interband transitions -- 3.3 Normal-modes approach -- 4 Effects of Electric Field on the Absorption Spectra -- 4.1 Energy spectrum and wave function -- 4.2 Direct interband absorption -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Author Biographies.

Note: Front Cover -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Biographies -- Preface (First Edition) -- Preface (Second Edition) -- I - BASIC BONE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- 1 - Bone Morphology and Organization -- THE FUNCTIONS OF BONE -- BONE IS ORGANIZED AS A MULTISCALE MATERIAL -- BONE COMPOSITION -- THE NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Collagen -- Enzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Nonenzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Collagen Orientation -- Bone Mineral -- Noncollagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins -- Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- SIBLING Proteins -- Osteocalcin -- Osteonectin -- THE MICROSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Woven Bone -- Primary Bone -- Primary Lamellar Bone -- Plexiform Bone -- Primary Osteons -- Secondary Bone -- Interstitial Bone -- THE MACROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Cortical Bone -- Skeletal Envelopes -- THE BLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION OF BONE -- Blood Supply -- Innervation of Bone -- BONE FLUID COMPARTMENTS -- BONE MASS AND BONE QUALITY -- Rate of Bone Turnover -- Bone Trabecular Architecture -- Tissue Material (Intrinsic) Properties -- Microdamage Accumulation -- Suggested Readings -- 2 - Bone Marrow and the Stem Cell Niche -- NICHES IN DEVELOPMENT -- IMAGING OF NICHES -- BONE MARROW NICHE CELLS -- Nonhematopoietic -- Osteoblastic Cells -- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations -- Adipocytes -- Endothelial Cells -- Hematopoietic -- Megakaryocytes -- Macrophages -- Neutrophils -- Osteoclasts -- NEURONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- NICHES AND MALIGNANCIES -- AGING AND THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT -- THE FUTURE -- Suggested Readings -- 3 - Bone Cells -- OSTEOCLASTS. , Osteoclast Morphology and Function -- Osteoclast Differentiation and Fusion -- Osteoclast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoclast Generation and Survival -- OSTEOBLASTS -- Osteoblast Morphology and Function -- Osteoblast Formation and Differentiation -- Osteoblast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoblast Generation and Survival -- Bone Lining Cells -- OSTEOCYTES -- Osteocyte Morphology and Functions -- Osteocytogenesis and Osteocyte Maturation -- Osteocyte Apoptosis: Consequences and Regulation -- Preservation of Osteocyte Viability by Mechanical Stimuli -- Aging and Osteocyte Apoptosis -- Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Life Span -- Regulation of Bone Formation by Osteocytes: The Sclerostin Paradigm -- Regulation of Bone Resorption by Osteocytes: RANKL and OPG -- Regulation of Bone Mineralization by Osteocytes -- Suggested Readings -- 4 - Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function -- OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS -- Definition: Cytokines Versus Growth Factors -- Soluble Ligands -- Membrane-Bound Ligands -- Receptor Classification -- Signal Transduction Cascades -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST AND OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- The RANKL-RANK-OPG System -- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- Wnts -- Canonical Wnt Signaling -- Noncanonical Wnt Signaling -- Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling -- Dickkopf -- Kremen -- Sclerostin -- Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins -- Wise -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor -- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide -- Fibroblast Growth Factors -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT BOTH OSTEOCLASTS AND OSTEOBLASTS -- Interleukins -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Transforming Growth Factor Beta. , Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Bioavailability -- Prostaglandins -- REGULATION OF BONE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION THROUGH CELL-CELL CONTACT -- Notch -- Ephrin-Ephrin Receptor -- Connexins -- LOCAL ANGIOGENIC FACTORS THAT REGULATE BONE CELL ACTIVITY -- CELL SURFACE ATTACHMENT MOLECULES -- Suggested Readings -- 5 - Bone Growth, Modeling, and Remodeling -- SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT -- Intramembranous Ossification -- Endochondral Ossification -- BONE MODELING -- Events That Signal Modeling -- Cellular Processes -- Modeling During the Life Cycle -- Longitudinal Growth -- Radial Growth -- Bone Drift -- BONE REMODELING -- Events That Signal Remodeling -- Remodeling Cycle -- Activation -- Resorption -- Reversal -- Formation -- Quiescence (Resting) -- Bone Remodeling Cycle Duration -- Bone Remodeling Rate -- Bone Remodeling Balance -- BONE REPAIR -- EFFECTS OF MODELING AND REMODELING ON BONE STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Structure Effects of Modeling and Remodeling -- Bone Material Property Effects of Remodeling -- Mineralization -- Collagen Cross-Links -- Microdamage -- LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF MODELING AND REMODELING -- Suggested Readings -- II - ASSESSMENT OF BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 6 - Skeletal Imaging -- X-RAY -- Conventional Radiography -- Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Clinical Diagnostic Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy or Spectral Imaging Scanning -- HIGH-RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Microcomputed Tomography -- Quantitative Computed Tomography (Densitometry) -- Modeling Analysis -- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING -- Ultrashort Echo-Time (TE) Sequences -- RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING -- Positron Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography -- ULTRASOUND -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. , Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Finite Element Analysis -- Radionuclide Imaging -- Ultrasound -- 7 - Skeletal Hard Tissue Biomechanics -- INTRODUCTION TO BASIC BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- Main Functions of Bone in the Body -- Bone Is a Hierarchical Structure -- FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLID MECHANICS -- The Force-Displacement Curve -- Stress and Strain in Axial Loading -- Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio -- METHODS OF TESTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE BONE -- Axial Loading in Tension and Compression -- Torsion -- Bending -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WHOLE BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Mass: Cancellous Bone -- Cancellous Architecture and Anisotropy -- Cortical Bone Size (Mass) and Architecture -- Bone Tissue Material Properties -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Type I Collagen -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Inorganic Hydroxyapatite -- METHODS OF TESTING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE -- Other Measures of Bone "Strength" -- Suggested Readings -- 8 - Techniques in Histomorphometry -- HISTOLOGIC SPECIMENS -- Specimen Collection -- In Vivo Labeling -- Specimen Processing -- HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- Static versus Dynamic Measurements -- Primary Versus Derived Variables -- Referents -- Bone Architecture and Geometry -- Tissue Types -- Cell Number and Activity -- Dynamic Histomorphometry -- Osteocytes -- Microdamage -- Marrow -- ASSUMPTIONS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Osteoporosis -- Osteomalacia -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) -- Antiresorptive Therapy -- Anabolic Therapy -- Suggested Readings -- 9 - Skeletal Genetics: From Gene Identification to Murine Models of Disease -- GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BONE PHENOTYPES -- Linkage Analysis -- Genome-Wide Association Studies. , Whole Exome and Whole Genome Analysis -- Functional Analysis -- Omics Analysis of Bone Phenotypes -- TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY AND THE CREATION OF NOVEL RESEARCH MODELS -- Production of Transgenic Rodents -- Animals that Arise From Pronuclear Injection -- Animals Derived From Homologous Recombination in ES Cells -- Pronuclear Microinjection -- Isolation of Embryos for Microinjection -- Superovulation -- Collection of Single-cell Embryos -- DNA Preparation for Microinjection -- Pronuclear Microinjection of Embryos Microinjection -- Transfer of Injected Embryos to Recipient Females -- Analysis of Potential Transgenic Founders -- Microinjection of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells -- Generation of ES cell Lines -- Homologous Recombination -- Collection of Blastocysts -- Injection of ES cells Into Blastocysts -- Transfer of Injected Blastocysts to Recipient Females -- Identification of Chimeric Animals -- Designer DNA Nucleases: The CRISPR Revolution -- TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND BONE BIOLOGY -- Bone Cell-Specific Promoters -- Conditional Models Using Cre-LoxP Technology -- Bridging Human Disorders and Mouse Models of Bone Diseases -- Secondary Challenges and Genetic Background Impacts on Skeletal Phenotypes -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- III - SKELETAL ADAPTATION -- 10 - Skeletal Changes Across the Life Span -- PRENATAL GROWTH -- Development and Maturation -- Calcification and Mineral Homeostasis -- POSTNATAL GROWTH -- Newborn Mineral Homeostasis -- Infancy and Childhood Skeletal Growth -- Puberty and Adolescence -- Race and Ethnic Differences -- Endocrine Regulators -- Genetic Regulation -- Timing of Growth Rates -- Development of Peak Bone Mass -- Fracture Risk in Children -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH REPRODUCTION -- Pregnancy -- Lactation -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH AGING -- Skeletal Expansion and Age -- Skeletal Mass and Age -- Suggested Readings. , Peak Bone Mass.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the second edition -- Read this road map before you begin -- Chapter 1: Is this the right career for you? -- What is a Conservation Professional? -- Conservation Contributors -- Diverse Compensations -- Location, Location, Location -- Your Image -- Talk and Experience -- Chapter 2: Establishing an undergraduate foundation -- Universities and Degrees -- Course Work -- Course Performance -- Experiences Outside the Classroom -- References -- Standardized Tests -- Changing Course -- Switching Careers -- Next Steps -- Chapter 3: Selecting an educational program -- The Key Elements: University, Topic, Degree, and Advisor -- When to Begin? -- Some Scenarios -- Chapter 4: Applying for admission -- Making Contact -- Personal Essay or Letter -- Initial Conversations -- Application Mechanics -- References -- Visiting -- First Impressions -- Interviewing a Prospective Advisor -- Interviewing other Students -- Interviewing other Faculty -- Making a Decision -- Chapter 5: Designing a program of study -- Your Goal -- A Project -- Course Work -- A Balancing ACT -- Teaching -- Internships -- Comprehensive Exam -- Investing in Your Department and Yourself -- Extracurricular Activities -- Communicating with Your Advisor -- An Advisory Committee -- When Things Go Very Wrong -- A Final Word on Work Styles -- Chapter 6: Designing and executing a project -- Selecting a Topic -- Setting Realistic Expectations -- Framing the Problem -- Writing and Presenting a Proposal -- Executing a Project -- Non-Completion -- Writing a thesis or Final Report -- Final Defense -- Chapter 7: Attending conferences and making presentations -- Which to Attend? -- Conference Information -- Attending Talks and Other Sessions -- Networking -- Professional-Society Activities -- Presentations. , Chapter 8: Writing papers -- A Thesis Versus a Collection of Papers -- Writing a Professional Paper -- Authorship -- Selecting a Journal for your Paper -- Submitting a Paper to a Journal -- Your Paper Comes back from the Journal -- Other kinds of publications -- Chapter 9: Finding a job -- What to Seek -- How to Search -- When to Apply -- How to Apply -- Accepting a Job -- Chapter 10: Making a difference -- Savior Syndrome -- Compassion Fatigue: The Flip Side of the Savior Syndrome -- Making a Difference as a Student -- Making a Difference as a Conservation Professional -- Life Style -- Conservation Ethics -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures -- Preface -- Introduction -- From the Founding to the Era of Good Feeling to the Age of Jackson -- The Press and the Antebellum Era -- The Telegraph and the Press -- The Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act -- Setting the Stage for Civil War -- Nullification, Abolition, and Division -- The Election of 1856, Dred Scott, and the Lincoln-Douglas Debates -- The Election of 1860 and the Crisis of Secession -- Notes -- 1 Newspapers, agenda setting, and a nation under stress -- Newspapers in History -- Agenda Setting Theory -- A Nation Under Stress -- Agenda Building -- Notes -- 2 The "irrepressible conflict" and the press in the late antebellum period -- The 1850s: A Decade of Divisions -- Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution -- The Tipping Point: John Brown -- The 1860 Presidential Election -- Notes -- Part I Nullification, Abolition, and Division -- 3 Nat Turner's Revolt Spurs Southern Fears and Sparks Public Debate over Slavery -- Notes -- 4 Disunion or Submission?: Southern Editors and the Nullification Crisis, 1830-1833 -- South Carolina -- Georgia -- Other South Atlantic Neighbors -- Gulf Coast States -- Notes -- 5 Abolitionist Editors: Pushing the Boundaries of Freedom's Forum -- The War with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso -- Coverage of the Compromise of 1850 -- Coverage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act -- Lecompton and Dred Scott -- Notes -- 6 When the Pen Gives Way to the Sword: Editorial Violence in the Nineteenth Century -- Political Pressures -- Physical Pressures -- Social Pressures -- Notes -- 7 An Editorial House Divided: The Texas Press Response to the Compromise of 1850 -- The Compromise of 1850 -- Texas, New Mexico, and the Boundary Crisis -- Partisanship and the Antebellum Texas Press. , Coverage of the Compromise in Texas Newspapers -- Cooling Temperatures and the Resurgence of Moderate Voices -- A Compromise Achieved and a Looming Battle -- Notes -- 8 "The Good Old Cause": The Fugitive Slave Law and Revolutionary Rhetoric in The Boston Daily Commonwealth -- Notes -- 9 Franklin Pierce and the Failure of Compromise: Newspaper Coverage of the Compromise Candidate, the "Nebraska Act,"... -- From the Granite State to the 1852 Nomination -- Putting Compromise to the Test: The Nebraska Act of 1854 -- Political Fallout and the Midterm Elections of 1854 -- The Failure of Compromise and the Coming of War -- Notes -- 10 Abolitionism, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the End of Compromise -- Notes -- 11 "Like so many black skeletons": The Slave Trade through American and British Newspapers, 1808-1865 -- Coverage of the Transatlantic Slave Trade -- News Coverage of the Coastal Slave Trade -- Coverage: The 1850s -- Coverage: The 1860s -- Notes -- Part II The Election of 1856, Dred Scott, and the Lincoln-Douglas Debates -- 12 1856: A Year of Volatile Political Reckoning -- Notes -- 13 Doughface Democrats, James Buchanan, and Manliness in Northern Print and Political Culture -- Notes -- 14 "Free Men, Free Speech, Free Press, Free Territory, and Frémont" -- Notes -- 15 Newspaper Coverage of Dred Scott Inflames a Divided Nation -- Notes -- 16 "More than a Skirmish": Press Coverage of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates -- Northern Coverage of the Debates -- Southern Coverage of the Debates -- The Debates in the British and Canadian Press -- Notes -- Part III The Election of 1860 and the Crisis of Secession -- 17 The Democrats Divide: Newspaper Coverage of the 1860 Presidential Conventions -- Notes -- 18 Fanning the Flames: Extremist Rhetoric in the Antebellum Press -- Notes -- 19 The Fire-Eating Charleston Mercury: Stoking the Flames of Secession and Civil War. , Fire-eaters and the Partisan Press -- The Lecompton Constitution -- Secession, Slavery, and John Brown -- The 1860 Democratic National Convention -- The 1860 Presidential Campaign and Election -- Notes -- 20 "Our all is at stake": The Anti-Secession Newspapers of Mississippi -- The Courier -- The Whig -- The Republican -- The Union Organs Speak Out -- The Day of Decision -- Notes -- 21 Exchange Articles Carried by the New York Evening Post, December 13-31, 1860 -- Exchanging with the New York Evening Post -- Commentary from the Evening Post -- Notes -- 22 War of Words: Border State Editorials During the Secession Period -- Notes -- About the editors -- Contributors -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Dedication -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the 2019 Edition -- Preface to the Original Edition -- 1. "The Most Hideous Stone Ever Quarried"-New York Brownstone -- 2. The Granite City-Boston Granite -- 3. Poetry in Stone-Carmel Granite -- 4. Deep Time in Minnesota-Minnesota Gneiss -- 5. The Clam That Changed the World-Florida Coquina -- 6. America's Building Stone-Indiana Limestone -- 7. Pop Rocks, Pilfered Fossils, and Phillips Petroleum-Colorado Petrified Wood -- 8. The Trouble with Michelangelo's Favorite Stone-Carrara Marble -- 9. Reading, Writing, and Roofing-East Coast Slate -- 10. "Autumn 20,000 Years Ago"-Italian Travertine -- Acknowledgments -- Geologic Time Scale for Building Stone -- Glossary -- Notes -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1: The Conifers -- Conifer Taxonomy -- Geographic Distribution and Biogeography -- Life History -- Ecological Tolerance -- Conifer Mating System, Life Cycle, and Reproduction -- The Largest, Tallest, and Oldest Organisms on the Planet -- Genetic Diversity -- Summary -- Part I: Genomes -- 2: Genomes: Classical Era -- The Beginnings of Genome Research in Conifers -- Chromosome Number and Polyploidy -- Genome Size -- Karyotype Analysis -- Genome Content -- Organelle Genomes: Chloroplast and Mitochondria -- Size and Structure -- Gene Content -- Inheritance -- Variation -- Summary -- 3: Gene and Genome Sequencing in Conifers: Modern Era -- A Short History of DNA Sequencing in Conifers -- Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing -- Gene Discovery Using Next-Generation Sequencing -- Conifer Reference Genome Sequences -- Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation Strategies -- Summary Statistics of Published Conifer Genome Sequences -- Discovery of the Noncoding DNA Content of Conifer Genomes -- Discovery of the Number and Types of Coding Genes in Conifers -- Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing -- Summary -- 4: Noncoding and Repetitive DNA -- Introduction -- Ribosomal DNA -- Tandem Repeats: Satellite, Minisatellite, and Microsatellite DNA -- Transposons and Retrotransposons -- Pseudogenes -- Summary -- 5: Gene Structure and Gene Families -- A Short History of Early Conifer Gene Sequencing -- Wood-Forming Genes -- Vegetative Growth Genes -- Floral Genes -- Light-Regulated Genes -- Defense-Related Genes -- Disease-Resistant Genes -- Summary -- 6: Gene Expression and the Transcriptome -- A Short History of Gene Expression Studies in Conifers -- Wood Formation -- Biotic Factors -- Abiotic Factors -- Seasonal Patterns -- Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression -- Summary. , 7: Proteomics and Metabolomics -- A Short History of Proteomic and Metabolomic Research in Conifers -- Wood Formation -- Biotic Factors -- Abiotic Factors -- Seed Development and Somatic Embryogenesis -- Summary -- Part II: Variation -- 8: Phenotypic Variation in Natural Populations -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Terms for Describing the Identity of Experimental Plant Materials: Provenance, Population, Seed Source, and Accession -- Terms for Describing Patterns of Genetic Variation on the Natural Landscape: Cline, Race, and Ecotype -- Historical Perspectives -- Application of Common Garden Experiments -- Experimental Approaches and Analytical Methods -- Experimental Approaches -- Analytical Methods -- Dependent and Independent Variables -- Common Garden Testing Literature -- Amount, Distribution, and Pattern of Genetic Variation in Phenotypic Traits of Conifers -- Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation -- Patterns of Variation -- Are Local Sources Best? -- Case Studies -- Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) -- Pinus -- Summary -- 9: Neutral Genetic Variation -- Introduction and Background -- Molecular Markers Used in the Study of Neutral Variation -- Three Conifer Genomes -- Purpose and Applications of Neutral Genetic Variation Studies -- General Diversity Results: Allozymes -- Variation Within Species -- Variation Within Populations -- Distribution of Variation Among Populations (Based on Polymorphic Loci only) -- Differences in Measures of Diversity Among Conifer Genera and Families -- Allozyme Summary -- General Diversity Results: Molecular Markers -- Organelle Markers -- Nuclear Markers -- Population Differentiation -- Factors Affecting Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation -- Mating Systems -- Gene Flow -- Genetic Drift -- Case Studies -- Diversity, Population Structure, and Biogeography -- Conservation and Mating Systems. , Effects of Forest Management and Tree Improvement on Genetic Diversity -- Summary -- 10: Adaptive Genetic Variation -- A Short History of Adaptive Genetic Variation in Conifers -- General Trends in Patterns of Adaptive Genetic Diversity in Conifers Observed from Neutrality and FST Outlier Tests -- Detection of Nonneutral Genes in a Few Conifer Species -- Pinus taeda -- Pinus sylvestris -- Pinus mugo, P. uncinata, and P. uliginosa -- Pinus pinaster and P. halepensis -- Pinus radiata -- Pinus contorta -- Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis -- Pinus lambertiana and Other Subgenus Strobus Species -- Pseudotsuga menziesii -- Larix Species -- Abies Species -- Picea Species -- Cryptomeria japonica and Taxodium distichum -- Summary -- 11: Quantitative Trait Dissection -- A Short History of Complex Trait Dissection in Conifers -- Pinus taeda -- Pinus elliottii -- Pinus radiata -- Pinus sylvestris -- Pinus pinaster -- Pinus contorta -- Pseudotsuga menziesii -- Picea ssp. -- Larix ssp. -- Cryptomeria japonica -- Summary -- 12: Landscape Genomics -- A Short History of Landscape Genomics Studies in Conifers -- Pinus Subgenus Pinus -- Pinus Subgenus Strobus -- Picea -- Abies and Larix -- Summary -- 13: Conservation Genetics -- A Brief Introduction to Conservation Genetics in Forestry -- Fragmentation -- Habitat Loss -- Forest Practice -- Disease -- Insects -- Climate Change -- Summary -- 14: Forest Health -- Introduction -- The Growing Relevance of Forest Health -- Genetic Variation in Forest Health Traits -- Insects and Disease -- Abiotic Stress -- Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance -- Case Studies -- Resistance to Pissodes strobi (White Pine Weevil) Found in Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) -- Resistance to an Introduced Pathogen (Phytophthora lateralis) in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port-Orford-cedar). , Resistance to Stem Rusts in North American White Pines and Southern Yellow Pines -- Summary -- Part III: Evolution -- 15: Hybridization and Introgression -- Introduction -- Definitions and Background -- Definitions -- Background -- Approaches to Identifying Hybrids and Quantifying Levels of Introgression -- Evolving Insights -- Case Studies of Introgressive Hybridization in Conifers -- Pinus contorta (Lodgepole Pine) x P. banksiana (Jack Pine) -- Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) x P. glauca (White Spruce) and P. engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) x P. glauca -- Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) x P. echinata (Shortleaf Pine) -- Hybrid Speciation -- Artificial Hybrids -- Summary -- 16: Paleobotany, Taxonomic Classification, and Phylogenetics -- Introduction -- Paleobotany -- Taxonomic Classification -- Cupressus -- Pinus -- Phylogenetics -- Character Selection -- The Conifers and Related Gymnosperms -- Araucariaceae -- Cupressaceae -- Pinaceae -- Podocarpaceae -- Sciadopityaceae -- Taxaceae -- Summary -- 17: Comparative Genomics -- Introduction to Comparative Genomics -- Comparative Mapping -- Comparative Gene Content and Transcriptomics -- Comparative Genome Sequences -- Summary -- 18: Historical Perspective and Future Directions in Forest Genetics and Genomics -- Historical Perspective -- Current Situation -- Future Directions -- Primary Commercial Species (Group A) -- Regionally Important Species (Group B) -- Noncommercial Species of Ecological Significance (Group C) -- Rare and Endangered Species (Group D) -- Moving Forward: Policy and Management Changes Needed -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Boxes -- 1 Global and Regional Perspectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Water, Geography, and Transboundary Management -- 1.3 The Global Perspective -- 1.4 Water in the Near Middle East -- 1.5 Organization of the Book -- References -- 2 Water Sources and Water Uses-Now and in the Future -- 2.1 Water Quantity: The Historic Problem -- 2.2 Water Quality: Declining Everywhere, and Rapidly -- 2.3 What Water Is Shared and What Is Not -- 2.4 Sharing the Jordan River -- References -- 3 The Existing Oslo Arrangements -- 3.1 Disputes About Failures from Continuing to Follow Article 40 -- 3.2 Bureaucratic Obstacles to Progress -- 3.3 No More Oslo -- 3.4 The Impact of Large Volumes of Desalinated Water in Israel -- 3.5 Water for the Gaza Strip -- References -- 4 Designing a New Water Future for Israelis and Palestinians -- 4.1 Institutions and Organizations Inside and Outside Government -- 4.1.1 Israel -- 4.1.2 Palestine -- 4.1.3 Jordan -- 4.1.4 Non-governmental Organizations Working on Water -- 4.1.5 New Private Actors on Water Issues -- 4.2 New Approach for Sharing Water: Conceptual Aspects -- 4.3 New Approach for Sharing Water: The EcoPeace Proposal -- 4.4 New Joint Water Management Organizations for Israel and Palestine -- 4.5 Challenges and Responses -- References -- 5 Supporting Palestinian Agriculture -- 5.1 The Kerry Plan and Palestinian Agriculture -- 5.2 What Does "Supporting Palestinian Agriculture" Mean? -- 5.3 Water-Driven Palestinian Pioneer Fronts -- References -- 6 Supplementary Approaches to Shared Transboundary Water Management -- 6.1 Mountain Aquifer Authority -- 6.2 Lower Jordan River Basin Protection and Development -- 6.3 Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance and Desalination Project. , 6.4 Water-Energy Nexus Among Israel, Jordan, and Palestine -- 6.5 EcoPeace at the UN Security Council -- References -- 7 Moving Water from Last to First in the Peace Process -- 7.1 From Then to Now -- 7.2 General Conclusions -- References -- Afterword -- Annex A: Water Studies During and Immediately After the British Mandate (1922-1950s) -- Annex B: Water, Wars, and the Israeli-Palesinian Conflict (1950s to 2000) -- References -- Bibliography.

Note: Front Cover -- Brain Imaging -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 AD -- Chapter 1a: Brain MRI findings related to Alzheimer´s disease in older African American adults -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic white Americans in Alzheimer´s disease -- 2.1. Race differences in AD incidence -- 2.2. Race differences in AD prevalence -- 2.3. Race differences in AD risk factors -- 2.3.1. Age -- 2.3.2. Genetics -- 2.3.3. Education -- 2.3.4. Chronic disease -- 2.3.5. Lifestyle -- 2.4. Race differences in AD clinical course -- 2.5. Race differences in neuropathology -- 2.6. Race differences in in vivo molecular markers of neurodegenerative diseases -- 3. Differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic white Americans in brain MRI measures -- 3.1. Race differences in brain MRI characteristics in childhood and early adulthood -- 3.2. Race differences in risk factor-Brain MRI relationships in childhood and young adulthood -- 3.3. Race differences in brain MRI characteristics late in life -- 3.4. Race differences in Risk Factor-Brain MRI relationships late in life -- 3.5. Race differences in Brain MRI-Cognition relationships late in life -- 4. Future work -- 4.1. Race differences in genetics-brain MRI associations -- 4.2. Race differences in MRI markers of drug treatment response -- 4.3. Race differences in brain responses to lifestyle interventions -- References -- Chapter 1b: Magnetoencephalography applied to the study of Alzheimer´s disease -- 1. What is MEG and EEG -- 1.1. Physiological phenomena -- 1.2. Measurement of EEG and MEG -- 1.3. Differences between EEG and MEG -- 2. Metrics for signal analysis in M/EEG -- 2.1. Spectral analysis -- 2.2. Complexity -- 2.3. Functional connectivity -- 2.4. Network analysis. , 3. Alzheimer´s disease and MEG: Principal findings from resting state activity -- 3.1. Non-linear analysis of MEG brain activity complexity and entropy in Alzheimer´s disease -- 3.2. Power spectral analysis of MEG brain activity in Alzheimer´s disease -- 3.3. Functional connectivity analysis of MEG brain activity in Alzheimer´s disease -- 3.4. Network topological analysis of MEG brain activity in Alzheimer´s disease -- 3.5. Potential utility of MEG as a biomarker for Alzheimer´s disease -- 4. Alzheimer´s disease and MEG: Principal findings from task performance activity -- 5. Neurophysiological underpinnings of the relationship between lifestyle and Alzheimer´s disease -- References -- Chapter 1ci: AD molecular: PET amyloid imaging across the Alzheimer´s disease spectrum: From disease mechanisms to prevention -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Molecular imaging of in vivo Aβ pathology -- 2.1. Amyloid biology -- 2.2. Development of Aβ PET tracers and association with other Aβ biomarkers -- 2.3. Aβ-PET quantification and challenges -- 3. Aβ imaging in individuals with cognitive impairment -- 3.1. Associations between Aβ PET and markers of AD progression -- 3.2. Clinical utility and challenges of Aβ PET imaging -- 3.2.1. Misdiagnosis and the importance of Aβ imaging in clinical settings -- 3.2.2. Appropriate clinical use -- 3.2.3. Clinical decision making -- 3.2.4. Disclosure of Aβ-PET results for cognitively impaired individuals -- 3.2.5. A β-PET value in disease-modifying interventions -- 3.3. Conclusions -- 4. Aβ imaging in cognitively healthy older adults -- 4.1. Associations of Aβ with other markers of AD progression -- 4.2. Clinical implications -- 4.2.1. New research clinical criteria -- 4.2.2. Disclosure of Aβ-positivity results -- 4.2.3. Preventive interventions -- 5. ``Early´´ and subthreshold Aβ imaging -- 5.1. Pitfalls of Aβ-positivity classifications. , 5.2. How early should we go to detect first evidence of Aβ accumulation? -- 6. Factors influencing amyloid accumulation -- 6.1. Non-modifiable factors -- 6.2. Modifiable factors -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 1cii: AD molecular: Imaging tau aggregates with positron emissions tomography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tau protein and tauopathies -- 2.1. Neuropathological staging of neurofibrillary tangles -- 3. Tau PET ligand development -- 3.1. Overview of tau PET ligand development -- 3.2. PET radioligands for imaging tau aggregates -- 3.2.1. FDDNP -- 3.2.2. THK series -- 3.2.3. Flortaucipir (aka T807, AV-1451) and T808 (aka AV-680) -- 3.2.4. PBB3, AM-PBB3, and PM-PBB3 -- 3.2.5. MK-6240 -- 3.2.6. RO-948 -- 3.2.7. Benzimidazole derivatives: astemizole and lansoprazole -- 3.2.8. JNJ-311 -- 3.2.9. PI-2620 -- 3.2.10. Genentech tau probe 1 (GTP1) -- 4. Tau PET ligands in clinical Alzheimer´s disease research -- 4.1. Overview of tau PET tracers in clinical research -- 4.2. Tau imaging in clinical research -- 4.2.1. Pathologic tau cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers -- 4.2.2. Imaging tau aggregates in cognitively impaired individuals -- 4.2.3. Imaging tau aggregates in cognitively unimpaired -- 5. Synopsis and future directions -- References -- Chapter 1ciii: AD molecular: Molecular imaging of Alzheimer´s disease: PET imaging of neurotransmitter systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synaptic density imaging -- 2.1. Synaptic radiotracer development -- 2.2. Synaptic density measurements in AD -- 2.3. New developments in synaptic density imaging -- 3. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 imaging -- 3.1. Importance of mGluR5 in AD pathophysiology -- 3.2. mGluR5 expression in preclinical AD models -- 3.3. Human mGluR5 imaging -- 3.4. Significance of mGluR5 changes in AD -- 4. Serotonergic imaging -- 4.1. Serotonergic imaging targets. , 4.2. 5-HT2A receptor imaging in AD -- 4.3. 5-HT1A receptor imaging in AD -- 4.4. SERT imaging in AD -- References -- Chapter 2: PD and DLB: Brain imaging in Parkinson´s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brain imaging in Parkinson´s disease (PD) -- 2.1. PD structural imaging -- 2.2. PD molecular imaging -- 2.3. PD metabolic imaging -- 3. Brain imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) -- 3.1. DLB structural imaging -- 3.2. DLB molecular brain imaging -- 3.2.1. DAT SPECT -- 3.2.2. α-Synuclein, tau, and amyloid PET -- 3.3. DLB metabolic, perfusion, and biochemical imaging -- 3.4. Use of imaging to elucidate pathophysiology in DLB -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: FTD spectrum: Neuroimaging across the FTD spectrum -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Clinical classification of FTD -- 1.2. Pathological classification of FTD -- 1.3. Neuroimaging in FTD -- 2. Imaging in the clinical syndromes of FTD -- 2.1. Behavioral variant FTD -- 2.2. Semantic dementia -- 2.3. Agrammatic primary progressive aphasia and primary progressive apraxia of speech -- 3. Imaging predicting pathology in FTD -- 4. Imaging in genetic FTD -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Cerebrovascular disease: Neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neuroradiological appearances and histopathological correlates of cSVD -- 2.1. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) -- 2.1.1. ``Periventricular hyperintense signal´´ (aka ``rims´´ or ``caps´´) -- 2.1.2. ``Punctate and confluent deep WMH´´ -- 2.2. Lacunes and silent brain infarcts -- 2.3. Microbleeds -- 2.4. Small vessel morphological characteristics -- 2.4.1. Spatial distribution of morphological abnormalities across segments of the microcirculation -- 2.5. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) -- 2.5.1. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). , 2.6. Spatial distribution of cSVD across different brain areas and clinical manifestations -- 3. Causes and risk factors of cSVD: Cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory factors -- 3.1. Cardiovascular risk factors -- 3.2. Sex- and race-related differences in cSVD -- 3.3. Potential convergence of amyloid-related pathology and cSVD -- 3.4. Genetics of cSVD -- 4. Discussion: Unanswered questions and research priorities -- 4.1. Directly characterize small vessel pathology and mixed-disease states -- 4.2. Sampling strategies and temporality of study designs -- 4.2.1. Evolution of cSVD over time remains a key question -- 4.3. Integration of clinical, translational, and basic science methods -- 4.4. What would an ideal research approach look like? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 HIV -- Chapter 5a: Is treated HIV infection still toxic to the brain? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Confounds in HIV neuroimaging -- 2.1. Aging effects on brain structure and function -- 2.2. Substance use effects on brain structure and function -- 2.3. Treatment effects on brain structure and function -- 2.4. Hepatitis C effects on brain structure and function -- 2.5. Cardiovascular risk effects on brain structure and function -- 2.6. Duration of untreated illness effects on brain structure and function -- 3. Cohort or technique? -- 3.1. Gray matter structural measures -- 3.2. Functional connectivity measures -- 4. Strategies for managing confounds -- 4.1. Ignore comorbid brain effects -- 4.2. Control for the confounding influence of comorbidities -- 4.3. Restrict the sample to participants not affected by comorbidities -- 5. Measurement, design and analysis recommendations -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5b: Aberrant brain dynamics in neuroHIV: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging: A primer.