Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Digital Earth -- 1.2 Digital Ocean -- 1.3 Digital Coast -- 1.4 Modeling with DOandDC -- 1.5 Virtual Visualization Application in DOandDC -- 1.5.1 Research of Global Climate Change -- 1.5.2 Management of Fisheries and Ocean Biology -- 1.5.3 Ocean Emergency Decision-Making -- 1.5.4 Ocean Scientific Research Field -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Ocean Big Data Acquiring and Integration Technologies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Acquiring Ocean Big Data -- 2.3 Characteristics of Ocean Big Data -- 2.3.1 Acquired from Multiple Sources -- 2.3.2 The Variety of the Data Content -- 2.3.3 The Heterogeneity Storage Format -- 2.3.4 The Large Data Volume -- 2.3.5 The Velocity of Data -- 2.3.6 Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales -- 2.3.7 Multi-Level in Depth -- 2.3.8 Multiple Levels of Data Users -- 2.3.9 The High Potential Value -- 2.4 Primary Study on Ocean Big Data Integration Technology -- 2.5 Applications -- 2.6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 3: Digital Ocean and Digital Coast Data Web Service Modeling -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Modeling of the Web Data Service -- 3.3 Validation of the Web Data Service -- 3.3.1 Matching Parameter Validation -- 3.3.2 Model Logic Validation -- 3.4 Implement Process of the Web Data Service -- 3.4.1 The Service Model Creation -- 3.4.2 The Configuration of Model Element Attribute -- 3.4.3 The Validation of Service Chain -- 3.4.4 The Construction of Model Description -- 3.4.5 The Model Management -- 3.4.6 The Model Monitoring -- Chapter 4: Coastal Flood Forecasting Modeling and Analysis -- 4.1 US-SCS Curve Number Method -- 4.2 Data Preprocessing -- 4.2.1 Thiessen Polygon to Associate Runoff and Precipitation Stations -- 4.2.2 Base Flow Separation -- 4.2.3 Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) -- 4.3 CN Value -- 4.4 Composite CN Value. , 4.5 Runoff Simulation Using SCS CN Model in the ORM Area -- 4.6 Water Level Prediction -- 4.6.1 Stage Discharge Relation -- 4.6.2 Stage-Discharge Curves -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Coastal Flood Frequency Modeling -- 5.1 Flood Frequency and Return Period -- 5.2 Application of Log-Pearson III (LP3) Model for Flood Frequency Analysis -- 5.2.1 Introduction to LP3 -- 5.2.2 Frequency Analysis by Frequency Factors Method -- 5.2.3 Application of LP3 Model for Flood Frequency Analysis in the ORM Area -- 5.2.4 Apply LP3 Model for Flood Frequency Prediction in the ORM Area -- 5.3 Application of GEV Model for Flood Frequency Analysis and Prediction -- 5.3.1 Introduction to GEV Model -- 5.3.2 GEV Parameter Determination by Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) -- 5.3.3 Evaluation of GEV Model for Flood Frequency Analysis in the ORM Area -- 5.3.4 Application of the GEV Model for Flood Frequency Prediction in the ORM Area -- 5.4 Concentration-Area Fractal Model for Flood Threshold Selection -- 5.4.1 Threshold Selection for Partial-Duration Series Flood Frequency Analysis -- 5.4.2 Introduction to Fractal Models -- 5.4.3 Concentration-Area Fractal Method -- 5.4.4 Application of Concentration-Area Fractal Method for Flood Threshold Selection -- 5.4.5 Discussion -- 5.5 Application of Power Law (PL) model for partial-duration series flood frequency analysis -- 5.5.1 Introduction to Power Law Model for Flood Frequency Analysis -- 5.5.2 Application of Power Law Model for Flood Frequency Analysis in the ORM Area -- 5.5.3 Application of the Power Law Model for Flood Frequency Prediction in the ORM Area -- 5.6 Apply Generalized Pareto (GP) Distribution for Partial-Duration Series Flood Frequency Analysis -- 5.6.1 Introduction to GP Distribution for Flood Frequency Analysis -- 5.6.2 GP Distribution Parameter Determination by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). , 5.6.3 Evaluation of GP Distribution for Flood Frequency Analysis in the ORM Area -- 5.6.4 Application of the GP Model for Flood Frequency Prediction in the ORM Area -- 5.7 Comparison of Flood Frequency Analysis Using LP3, GEV, PL and GP Methods -- References -- Chapter 6: Spatial Decision Making and Analysis for Flood Forecasting -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Problems of Real-Time Flood Forecasting -- 6.3 System Overview -- 6.4 Architecture of WSDSS -- 6.5 Components of WSDSS -- 6.6 System Functionality -- 6.6.1 Decision Support Services for River Rainfall-Runoff Prediction -- 6.6.2 Decision Support Services for Flood Frequency Prediction -- 6.7 System Development Approach: An Integrated Approach -- 6.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Ocean and Coast Disaster Data Modeling -- 7.1 Multidimensional Data Organization of Ocean Disasters -- 7.1.1 Thematic Structure of an Ocean Disaster Spatio-temporal Data Warehouse -- 7.1.2 Modeling the Dimensions of the Ocean Disaster in Spatio-temporal Data Warehouse -- 7.1.2.1 Time Dimension -- 7.1.2.2 Space Dimension -- 7.1.2.3 Dimensions of the Source Project, Contact Information, and Investigation Information -- 7.1.2.4 Category, Data Format, and the Spatial Reference Dimensions -- 7.1.2.5 Warehouse Model of the Ocean Disaster Multi-dimensional Spatio-temporal Data -- 7.1.2.6 The Measurement of the Fact Table -- 7.1.2.7 Multidimensional Basic Analysis Theme Data Model -- 7.1.2.8 Modeling for Comprehensive Analysis -- 7.2 Three-dimensional Ocean Disaster Monitoring Data Management -- 7.2.1 Software Structure Design -- 7.2.2 Software Development -- 7.3 Multi-dimensional Expression of the Process of Ocean Disaster Factors -- 7.3.1 Software Structure Design -- 7.3.2 Software Development -- 7.3.2.1 Single-Point and Single-Layer Element Changes Over Time. , 7.3.2.2 Single-Point and Single-Layer Element Changes Over Sea Depth -- 7.3.2.3 Single Element Field Dynamic Changing Over Time -- 7.3.2.4 Dynamic Changes in the Multilayer Elements Field Over Time -- 7.4 The Prototype System of Analysis of the Storm Surge Disaster Process -- 7.4.1 Data Structure -- 7.4.2 Software Structure Design -- 7.4.2.1 The Design of the Data Layer -- 7.4.2.2 The Design of the Function Layer -- 7.4.2.3 The Design of the User Layer -- 7.4.3 Software Development -- 7.5 The Analysis of Sea Level Rising -- 7.5.1 The System Structure -- 7.5.2 System Implementation -- 7.5.2.1 Model Integration Based on Service -- 7.5.2.2 Data Extraction and Optimization Based on Scenarios -- References -- Chapter 8: Coastal Remote Sensing -- 8.1 Coastline Automatic Extraction with Remote Sensing Data -- 8.1.1 Introduction of Coastline Extraction Technology -- 8.1.2 New Methods for Coastline Extraction -- 8.1.2.1 NDWI Threshold Segmentation -- 8.1.2.2 Automatic Selection of Samples -- 8.1.2.3 SVM Classification Model -- 8.1.2.4 Post-processing -- 8.1.3 Experiment and Analysis -- 8.1.4 Summary -- 8.2 Intertidal Zone Identification by Remote Sensing Image -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Methodology -- 8.2.3 Intertidal Zone Mapping -- 8.2.4 Conclusions -- 8.3 Coastal Wetland Classification Using Remote Sensing -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Coastal Wetland Classification Schemes -- 8.3.3 ``Tu-Pu´´ Coupled Coastal Wetland Hierarchical Classification -- 8.3.4 Experiment and Validation -- 8.3.5 Regional Application: Analysis of Dynamic Changes in the Yellow River Estuary Wetland -- 8.3.5.1 Background of the Study Area -- 8.3.5.2 Yellow River Estuary Wetland Mapping -- 8.3.5.3 Change Analysis of Yellow River Estuary Wetlands -- 8.4 Coastal Invasive Species Detection with Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Spartina alterniflora in Xiangshan Bay, China. , 8.4.1 Introduction -- 8.4.2 Study Area -- 8.4.3 Methodology -- 8.4.4 Results and Analysis -- 8.4.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Applications and Practice of Digital Ocean and Digital Coast -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Ocean Ecological Environment Monitoring -- 9.1.2 Management of Shoreline and Islands -- 9.1.3 The Application in El Nino and Sea-Level Rising Study -- 9.1.4 The Application in Fisheries -- 9.2 Public Service Application of Digital Ocean -- 9.3 China Digital Ocean Information Infrastructure -- 9.3.1 Architecture -- 9.3.2 Construction and Development -- 9.4 Digital Ocean Application Service System -- 9.4.1 System Architecture -- 9.4.2 Main Function Module -- 9.4.3 Basic Ocean Data Retrieval and Services -- 9.4.4 The Statistical Analysis Application -- 9.4.5 Comprehensive Information Query -- 9.4.6 Thematic Application -- 9.4.7 Information Sharing and Exchange -- References.