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  • 2015-2019  (80)
  • 2000-2004  (26)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (28 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9782346046713
    DDC: 500
    Language: French
    Note: Intro -- À propos de Collection XIX -- Titre -- CONFÉRENCE DE M. LOUIS BOSCH - Professeur de Mathématiques au Collège -- CONFÉRENCE DE M. ÉMILE PAGÈS - Professeur de Philosophie an Collège -- Note au lecteur -- Page de titre de l'édition imprimée -- Copyright.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 108 Cowley Road , Oxford OX4 IJF , UK . : Blackwell Publishers, Inc.
    Mathematical finance 13 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The numerical quantization method is a grid method that relies on the approximation of the solution to a nonlinear problem by piecewise constant functions. Its purpose is to compute a large number of conditional expectations along the path of the associated diffusion process. We give here an improvement of this method by describing a first-order scheme based on piecewise linear approximations. Main ingredients are correction terms in the transition probability weights. We emphasize the fact that in the case of optimal quantization, many of these correcting terms vanish. We think that this is a strong argument to use it. The problem of pricing and hedging American options is investigated and a priori estimates of the errors are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 519-521 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Long wavelength longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse optical (TO) phonons of BeSe and ZnxBe1−xSe layers are identified in a wide composition range by using Raman spectroscopy. A two-mode behavior is clearly evidenced. As predicted by the dielectric model of Hon and Faust, the eigenfrequencies of the BeSe- and ZnSe-like LO modes correspond to the maxima of Im〈−cursive-epsilon(ω, x)−1〉. Excellent agreement is obtained with a model where the calculations are performed by using the equations of motion and polarization derived from the modified random element isodisplacement model. Besides, the TO and LO frequencies for BeSe are determined to be 501 and 579 cm−1, respectively. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 3081-3083 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zone-center longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) optical phonons of Zn1−xBexTe epilayers are identified by Raman spectroscopy. On top of the expected BeTe- and ZnTe-like modes, which obey the modified-random-element-isodisplacement model, we observe an extra BeTe-like (TO, LO) doublet at intermediate x values. It has the same atypical characteristics as its BeSe-like counterpart in ZnBeSe alloy. Its activation validates our percolative picture for multimode description in Be–chalcogenide alloys that open the attractive class of mixed crystals with a sharp contrast in the bond stiffness. Also, the local modes of Be in ZnTe and of Zn in BeTe are identified at 411 cm−1 and 195 cm−1, respectively. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 19 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The assessor performance is a key point in a sensory evaluation. In particular, at the end of a session, a decrease of the performance can be feared. We propose to analyze this performance with various criteria: usual ones as the main product effect or the error variance; a new one measuring the perceived products variability. The performance can then be studied all along the session from two points of view: in taking into account the only products tested at a given instant (named instantaneous); in taking into account all the products tested up to a given instant (named cumulative). In the presented example, in spite of the large number of products successively tested by each assessor, the instantaneous performance of the panel shows no significant deterioration. Furthermore, when the number of products tested by each assessor increases, more significant product effects can be obtained thanks to the accumulation of the amount of data. This shows that the number of products that can be reasonably studied by one assessor during one session is generally underestimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 18 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We compare the sensory profiles of six dark chocolates done by two types of juries: some trained juries and an untrained jury. Six laboratories, each one made up of 10 to 15 judges, are regarded as trained juries since the assessors were well trained before the evaluation of the products. The second type of jury is composed of only one panel of 29 untrained assessors and this jury is named the untrained jury. Fourteen attributes were evaluated and analyses of variance have been carried out by attribute to compare the sensory profiles of the six chocolates done by the trained juries and by the untrained jury. These analyses of variance show that the two types of juries give similar sensory profiles and that the few differences are mainly due to different ways of using the scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of sensory studies 19 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a descriptive sensory analysis, a principal component analysis (PCA) is usually applied to analyze products with attributes. To visualize the variability of a mean point (i.e., the center of gravity of the product), we introduced confidence ellipses. In this particular application, resampling methods are performed. Twenty products composed of five varieties of cider were studied. We would like to know if these five varieties are different. Confidence ellipses reveal differences between varieties foreshadowed in PCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A major goal of research on addiction is to identify the molecular mechanisms of long-lasting behavioural alterations induced by drugs of abuse. Cocaine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the striatum and blockade of the ERK pathway prevents establishment of conditioned place preference to these drugs. However, it is not known whether activation of ERK in the striatum is specific for these two drugs and/or this brain region. We studied the appearance of phospho-ERK immunoreactive neurons in CD−1 mouse brain following acute administration of drugs commonly abused by humans, cocaine, morphine, nicotine and THC, or of other psychoactive compounds including caffeine, scopolamine, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Each drug generated a distinct regional pattern of ERK activation. All drugs of abuse increased ERK phosphorylation in nucleus accumbens, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala and deep layers of prefrontal cortex, through a dopamine D1 receptor-dependent mechanism. Although some non-addictive drugs moderately activated ERK in a few of these areas, they never induced this combined pattern of strong activation. Antidepressants and caffeine activated ERK in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Typical antipsychotics mildly activated ERK in dorsal striatum and superficial prefrontal cortex, whereas clozapine had no effect in the striatum, but more widespread effects in cortex and amygdala. Our results outline a subset of structures in which ERK activation might specifically contribute to the long-term effects of drugs of abuse, and suggest mapping ERK activation in brain as a way to identify potential sites of action of psychoactive drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is now well established that central effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana, are mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors. However, intraneuronal signalling pathways activated in vivo by THC remain poorly understood. We show that acute administration of THC induces a progressive and transient activation (i.e. phosphorylation) of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NA). This activation, corresponding to both neuronal cell bodies and the surrounding neuropil, is totally inhibited by the selective antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors, SR 141716A. However, blockade of dopaminergic (DA) D1 receptors by administration of SCH 23390, prior to THC, totally prevents ERK activation in the striatum, thus demonstrating a critical involvement of DA systems in THC-induced ERK activation. DA-D2 and glutamate receptors of NMDA subtypes also participate, albeit to a lesser extent, to THC-induced ERK activation in the striatum, as shown after injection of selective antagonists (raclopride and MK801, respectively). Furthermore, THC-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk-1, and up-regulation of zif268 mRNA expression are blocked by SL327, a specific inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), the upstream kinase of ERK, as well as SCH 23390. Finally, using the place-preference paradigm, we show that ERK inhibition blocks THC-induced rewarding properties. Altogether, our data strongly support that ERK activation in the striatum is critically involved in long-term neuronal adaptive responses underlying THC-induced long-term behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We show here that CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and temperature significantly interact on coral physiology. The effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on photosynthesis, respiration and calcification rates were investigated in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Cuttings were exposed to temperatures of 25°C or 28°C and to pCO2 values of ca. 460 or 760 μatm for 5 weeks. The contents of chlorophyll c2 and protein remained constant throughout the experiment, while the chlorophyll a content was significantly affected by temperature, and was higher under the ‘high-temperature–high-pCO2’ condition. The cell-specific density was higher at ‘high pCO2’ than at ‘normal pCO2’ (1.7 vs. 1.4). The net photosynthesis normalized per unit protein was affected by both temperature and pCO2, whereas respiration was not affected by the treatments. Calcification decreased by 50% when temperature and pCO2 were both elevated. Calcification under normal temperature did not change in response to an increased pCO2. This is not in agreement with numerous published papers that describe a negative relationship between marine calcification and CO2. The confounding effect of temperature has the potential to explain a large portion of the variability of the relationship between calcification and pCO2 reported in the literature, and warrants a re-evaluation of the projected decrease of marine calcification by the year 2100.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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