Note: Intro -- Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Convection -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Convection -- References -- Chapter 2: The Physics and Origin of Plate Tectonics From Grains to Global Scales -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. In the beginning -- 1.2. Ok, but seriously -- 2. Grain-damage physics -- 2.1. Grain damage in monominerallic materials -- 2.2. Grain damage in polymineralic materials -- 2.3. Grain mixing and hysteresis -- 3. Some applications to plate tectonic origins -- 3.1. Generation and onset of plate tectonics -- 3.2. Collapse of passive margins -- 3.3. Slab detachment -- 3.4. Plates, climate, and planetary evolution -- 4. Future directions: Intragranular defects in grain-damage models -- 4.1. Dislocation dynamics -- 4.2. A dislocation and a grain boundary walk into a bar -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3: Energetics of the Solid Earth: Implications for the Structure of Mantle Convection -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Seismic observations on the structure of global mantle flow -- 3. Mantle energetics: Roles of gravitational energy release and viscous dissipation -- 4. Current gravitational energy release and viscous dissipation in the Earth's mantle -- 5. Non-hydrostatic internal deflections store relatively minor amounts of gravitational energy -- 6. If upward mantle flow occurs within a low-viscosity D+plume+asthenosphere circuit, then viscous dissipation will be co ... -- 7. Mantle heat loss through the surface -- 8. Radioactive heat production in the Earth's interior -- 9. The Earth's Urey ratio and the mantle's ``missing´´ energy supply -- 10. Secular cooling of the mantle can supply 6.3 TW of long-term power -- 11. The core supplies > -- 15 TW across the core-mantle boundary. , 12. K and U in the core do not provide the core's > -- 15 TW missing source of energy -- 13. Does secular cooling of the core supply > -- 15 TW across the core-mantle boundary? -- 14. Freezing of the inner core may occur over an 815K temperature interval -- 15. Core segregation is probably associated with significant core heating with respect to the mantle -- 16. Implications of seismic and energetics constraints on the structure of mantle convection -- 17. Lower mantle flow: Pattern and speeds -- 18. Upward return flow circuit: Lower mantle plumes -- 19. Upward return flow circuit: Strong lateral flow within the base of the D layer -- 20. Upward return flow circuit: Strong lateral flow in a shallow plume-fed asthenosphere -- 21. Implications of a plume-fed asthenosphere beneath the surface tectonic plates -- 22. Speculations for the Earth's continents and core -- References -- Chapter 4: Influence of Mantle Rheology on the Formation of Plate Tectonic Style of Mantle Convection -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model description -- 2.1. Parameterization of the strength of rocks -- 2.1.1. The strength of the deep mantle -- 2.1.2. The strength of the lithosphere -- 2.2. Geodynamic modeling -- 2.2.1. Mantle convection simulations -- 2.2.2. Simulation set-up -- 2.2.3. Flow law parameter setting and the diagnostics of style of mantle convection -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Viscosity and stress structures -- 3.2. Details of 1-D stress profiles -- 3.3. Regime diagram -- 4. Discussion and summary -- 4.1. Choice of activation volume in the upper mantle -- 4.2. Summary -- 4.3. Implications and model limitations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5: Tectonic Strain Rates, Diffuse Oceanic Plate Boundaries, and the Plate Tectonic Approximation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The plate tectonic approximation -- 2.1. What are diffuse oceanic plate boundaries?. , 2.2. What distinguishes narrow oceanic plate boundaries from diffuse oceanic plate boundaries? -- 2.3. What distinguishes intra-oceanic-plate deformation from diffuse oceanic plate boundaries? -- 2.4. What early evidence and analysis supported the existence of diffuse oceanic plate boundaries? -- 2.5. Are plates rigid? Is the lithosphere rigid? -- 2.6. Horizontal thermal contraction of the oceanic lithosphere -- 2.7. Do transform faults parallel plate motion? -- 2.8. States of the lithosphere and the boundaries in strain rate and force per unit length that separate them -- 2.9. Location of poles of relative rotation between plates separated by a diffuse oceanic plate boundary -- 2.10. The torque that one plate applies to another (and vice versa) across a diffuse oceanic plate boundary -- 2.11. The vertically averaged rheology of deforming oceanic lithosphere in diffuse oceanic plate boundaries -- 2.12. An outstanding problem: Non-closure of the Pacific-Cocos-Nazca plate circuit -- 3. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Tectonics is a Hologram -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The program of plate-like tectonic emergence in convection models: Pseudo-plasticity -- 2.1. Context -- 2.2. Without and with pseudo-plasticity -- 2.3. On temperature-dependent viscosity -- 3. The whole is bigger than the sum of the parts. The whole is smaller than the sum of the parts -- 3.1. Continental drift -- 3.2. Seafloor spreading -- 3.3. Transform zones -- 3.4. Subduction -- 3.4.1. Downwellings or subduction? -- 3.4.2. Onset of subduction -- 4. Outlook -- 5. Final thoughts -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Internal Planetary Feedbacks, Mantle Dynamics, and Plate Tectonics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermal cycles, thermal-hydrocycles, and internal Earth cooling feedbacks -- 3. Mantle dynamics and mantle viscosity structure feedbacks. , 4. Boundary-layer interactions and plate-plume feedbacks -- 5. Plate tectonics-mantle dynamics feedbacks and bootstrap hypotheses -- 6. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8: Tectono-Convective Modes on Earth and Other Terrestrial Bodies -- 1. Historical introduction -- 2. Tectono-convective modes -- 2.1. Iso-chemical modes -- 2.2. Magmatism-induced modes -- 2.3. Influence of compositional variations on tectonic modes -- 2.4. Successes and problems of yielding-induced plate tectonics -- 2.4.1. Successes -- 2.4.2. Problems -- 2.5. Physical mechanisms for strain weakening and memory -- 3. Tectono-convective evolution of terrestrial bodies -- 3.1. Earth -- 3.2. Venus -- 3.3. Io -- 3.4. Mars -- 3.5. Exoplanets -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: The Past and the Future of Plate Tectonics and Other Tectonic Regimes -- 1. The past of plate tectonics -- 2. The present of plate tectonics -- 3. Beyond the Earth: Tectonics of other rocky planets and moons -- 3.1. Stagnant lid -- 3.2. Heat pipe -- 3.3. Episodic lid -- 3.4. Plutonic-squishy lid -- 3.5. Ridge only -- 4. Future of plate tectonics and other tectonic regimes -- 4.1. Earth's tectonic evolution -- 4.1.1. What was/were the tectonic regime(s) active on the Earth? -- 4.1.2. When did plate tectonics start? -- 4.2. Will we find plate tectonics in another planets? -- 5. Notes on how to evolve our understanding of planets evolution -- 5.1. Physics and numerical modeling -- 5.2. Paradigm shift -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: How Mantle Convection Drives the Supercontinent Cycle: Mechanism, Driving Force, and Substantivity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Numerical simulation of mantle convection -- 3. Dynamic interaction between mantle convection and continental drift -- 4. Driving force of plate motion. , 5. Mechanism and driving force of supercontinental breakup -- 6. Mechanism and driving force of supercontinental formation -- 6.1. Prediction of future continental drift -- 6.2. Analyses of the driving force -- 7. Basal drag under continental plates -- 8. Stability of the cratonic lithosphere -- 9. Substantivity of the supercontinent cycle in the future -- 10. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A. Descriptions of numerical simulation models -- Appendix B. Supplementary material -- References -- Chapter 11: Observations and Models of Dynamic Topography: Current Status and Future Directions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present-day dynamic topography -- 2.1. Observational estimates -- 2.2. Oceanic residual topography dataset -- 2.2.1. Spot measurements -- 2.2.2. Shiptrack-derived measurements -- 2.3. Global representation of observational dataset -- 2.4. Predictions from simulations of mantle flow -- 2.4.1. Modeling approach and end-member cases -- 2.4.2. Physical properties: Density and viscosity -- 2.4.3. Synthetic predictions of dynamic topography -- 2.4.4. Comparisons with the observed geoid -- 2.5. Summary of present-day dynamic topography -- 3. Dynamic topography into the geological past -- 3.1. Observational constraints -- 3.2. Computational approaches for dynamic topography reconstructions -- 3.3. Time-dependent global predictions of dynamic topography -- 3.4. Outlook: Improving dynamic topography reconstructions into the geological past -- Data availability -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: Feedbacks Between Internal and External Earth Dynamics -- 1. The ground up -- 2. The ground down -- 3. Merging concepts toward an integrative understanding of the Earth system -- 4. A long way to go -- 4.1. Feedbacks between internal and external dynamics in extensional settings -- 4.2. The geological carbon cycle. , 4.3. Feedbacks between internal and external dynamics and effects on the evolution of life.

Note: Intro -- A Journey Through Tides -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors biography -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section 1: Fundamentals -- Chapter 1: Tidal science before and after Newton -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aspects of the tides known since antiquity -- 3. Investigations of the tides before Newton -- 4. Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica -- 5. Essays for the Académie Royale des Sciences -- 6. Before and after Newton -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: Introducing the oceans -- 1. Our blue planet -- 2. Physical properties of seawater -- 3. Geography and ocean circulation -- 4. Key water masses and global distributions -- 5. Oceanic impact on and sensitivity to Earth's climate -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: A brief introduction to tectonics -- 1. Tectonics -- 1.1. Early ideas -- 1.2. Paradigm shift -- 1.3. The theory of plate tectonics -- 1.4. The modern conception of plate tectonics -- 2. Earth's tectonic cycles -- 2.1. The Wilson cycle -- 2.2. The supercontinent cycle -- 2.3. The supertidal cycle -- References -- Chapter 4: Why is there a tide? -- 1. Introduction to tides -- 1.1. The importance of tides -- 1.2. The ups and downs of the seas -- 1.3. The dance of the Earth and the Moon -- 1.4. The tide generating force -- 2. Tidal theories -- 2.1. Equilibrium theory of tides -- 2.2. Why the tide does not behave as an equilibrium tide -- 2.3. The effects of Earth's rotation on the tide -- 2.4. The dynamic theory of tides -- 3. Tides in the real world -- 3.1. The tide as a shallow water wave -- 3.2. Standing and progressive waves -- 3.3. Resonance -- 3.4. Coriolis effect, geostrophy, and Kelvin waves -- 3.5. Barotropic and baroclinic tides -- 3.6. Tidal currents -- 3.7. Tidal charts -- 4. Tidal energetics and energy losses -- 4.1. Tidal friction -- 4.2. Internal tides. , 5. Chapter summary -- References -- Section 2: A tidal journey through time -- Chapter 5: A timeline of Earth's history -- 1. Geological time -- 2. Chrono-stratigraphy -- 3. The geological timescale -- 4. Main events in Earth's history -- 4.1. The Hadean Eon (4600-4000Ma) -- 4.2. Archean Eon (4000-2500Ma) -- 4.3. Proterozoic Eon (2500Ma-541Ma) -- 4.4. Phanerozoic Eon (541-0Ma) -- 5. Final remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Hadean and Archean (4600-2500 Ma) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Tidal modeling -- 2.2. Bathymetry -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Present-day Earth bathymetry -- 3.2. Venusian topography -- 3.3. Archean ensemble -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 7: Proterozoic (2500-541Ma) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Tidal modeling -- 2.2. Bathymetry -- 2.3. Simulations and computations -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Present-day validation -- 3.2. Tidal evolution 1500-750Ma -- 3.3. Tidal evolution 750-540Ma -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Phanerozoic (541Ma-present day) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tectonics -- 3. ``It's life, Jim, but not as we know it´´ -- 4. The ups and downs of phanerozoic tides -- 5. Methods -- 5.1. Tidal modeling -- 5.2. Reconstructions -- 5.3. Simulations -- 5.4. Present day validation -- 6. Results -- 6.1. Paleozoic (541-252Ma) -- 6.2. Mesozoic (252-66Ma) -- 6.3. Cenozoic (66-0Ma) -- 6.4. Other constituents -- 7. Case studies -- 7.1. The Devonian -- 7.2. The Eocene -- 7.3. Extinctions -- 8. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Present day: Tides in a changing climate -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Climate and sea level through the late Quaternary -- 2.1. The Last Glacial Cycle -- 2.2. The Last Glacial Maximum -- 2.3. The Last Deglacial -- 2.4. The Holocene -- 2.5. Late Holocene to present day -- 2.6. Future -- 3. Modeling the tides during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. , 3.1. Tide model -- 3.2. Bathymetries and simulations -- 4. Tides during the late Pleistocene, Holocene, and into the future -- 4.1. Tides during the Last Glacial Cycle and late Pleistocene -- 4.1.1. Semi-diurnal tidal changes -- 4.1.2. Changes in the principle diurnal tidal constituent -- 4.1.3. Implications for tidal changes during the late Pleistocene -- 4.2. Tidal dynamics during the Last Glacial Maximum -- 4.2.1. Tidal elevation amplitudes -- 4.2.2. Tidal energy losses -- 4.2.3. Consequences of altered LGM tidal dynamics -- 4.3. Tidal changes through the Deglacial and the Holocene -- 4.3.1. Global changes in tidal dynamics -- 4.3.2. Regional changes in tides during the mid and late Holocene -- 4.3.3. Effects of deglacial tidal changes -- 4.4. Changes in tides since the preindustrial era -- 4.4.1. Observed tidal trends: The tide gauge record and satellite altimetry -- 4.4.2. What is driving today's changes in the tides? -- 4.5. Future changes in the tides -- 5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Into the future -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Tidal modeling -- 2.2. Maps of the future -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Present-day validation -- 3.2. Pangea ultima -- 3.3. Novopangea -- 3.4. Aurica -- 3.5. Amasia -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Section 3: Consequences of living on a tidal planet -- Chapter 11: Tides at a coast -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tides at the coast -- 3. Tidal interactions with other physical processes -- 3.1. Tidal interaction with the atmosphere at the coast -- 3.2. Tidal interaction with regions of freshwater -- 3.3. Tidal interactions with wind generated sea surface waves at the coast -- 4. Transport of matter -- 4.1. Turbulent mixing and the flushing of coastal seas -- 4.2. Transport of properties and materials -- 5. Tidal observations at the coast -- 5.1. Tide gauge networks -- 5.2. Measurement technology. , 5.3. Data types -- 5.4. Quality control and data analysis -- 5.5. Sea-level rise (SLR), climate assessments and storm surges -- 5.6. Acceleration of SLR and SLR modulating tidal constituents -- 6. Tidal applications -- 6.1. Predictions for ports and harbors -- 6.2. Tidal datums -- 6.3. Predictions for flood forecasting -- 6.4. Tidal power -- 6.5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: Tidal rhythmites: Their contribution to the characterization of tidal dynamics and environments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tidalites and tidal rhythmites: Definition and first description -- 3. Methodology for tidal rhythmite recognition -- 4. Environments of deposition of tidal rhythmites -- 5. Implications of tidal rhythmite recognition and interpretation -- 5.1. Tidal rhythmites as proxies for ancient tidal dynamic and environment identification, and paleogeographic reconstruction -- 5.2. Tidal rhythmites as proxies of depositional elevation in a tidal environment -- 5.3. Tidal rhythmites as proxies of sedimentation rate measurement and time deposition estimates -- 5.4. Tidal rhythmites as proxies of orbital parameter changes of the Earth-Moon system -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13: Tides: Lifting life in the ocean -- 1. The productive ocean -- 2. The biological carbon pump -- 3. A nutrient-rich interior ocean -- 4. A nutrient-limited surface ocean -- 5. Mixing nutrients up -- 6. Mixing life down -- 7. Shining light in the deep -- 8. Succession and mortality -- 9. Ecosystem productivity -- 10. A role for tides, turbulence, and deep production -- References -- Chapter 14: Tides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and methods to study the tidal influence on faults and volcanoes -- 2.1. Observations -- 2.2. Methods to evaluate tidal influence on seismic and volcanic activity. , 3. Case studies of tidal control on earthquakes and volcanoes -- 3.1. Tectonic systems -- 3.1.1. Continental faults: The San Andreas fault, California -- 3.1.2. Subduction zones: Japan -- 3.2. Volcanic settings -- 3.2.1. Unrest calderas: The hydrothermal system of Campi Flegrei, Italy -- 3.2.2. Erupting volcanic systems: Short to long-term tidal influence -- 4. How do tides influence seismic and volcanic activity? -- 5. Summary and future outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: Solid Earth tides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Traditional theory and inferences from observations -- 2.1. Love-Shida numbers -- 2.2. Extensions to Love-Shida theory -- 2.2.1. Rotation -- 2.2.2. Laterally heterogeneous Earth structure -- 2.2.3. Anelasticity -- 2.3. Ocean tide loading -- 3. Tides on a complicated Earth -- 3.1. Connection to free oscillation theory -- 3.2. Equivalence with Love-Shida numbers -- 3.3. Anelastic Love numbers -- 3.4. Departure from spherical symmetry -- 4. Constraining Earth's structure -- 5. Future tidal study -- References -- Chapter 16: Atmospheric tides-An Earth system signal -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solar tides -- 3. Lunar tides -- 4. Importance of atmospheric tides -- 4.1. Atmosphere-ionosphere coupling -- 4.2. Constraints on tropospheric processes -- 4.3. Geodesy -- 5. Beyond Earth's modern atmosphere -- 5.1. Tidal braking and Precambrian day length -- 5.2. Superrotation of Venus -- 5.3. Summary remark -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17: Tidal drag in exoplanet oceans -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water in the cosmos -- 3. Exoplanet oceans -- 4. Ocean tides on exoplanets -- 5. Summary -- References -- Index.