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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiocarbon dating supports bivalve-fish age coupling along a bathymetric gradient in high-resolution paleoenvironmental studies
    Geological Society of America ; 2020
    In:  Geology Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. 589-593
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. 589-593
    Abstract: Studies of paleocommunities and trophic webs assume that multispecies assemblages consist of species that coexisted in the same habitat over the duration of time averaging. However, even species with similar durability can differ in age within a single fossil assemblage. Here, we tested whether skeletal remains of different phyla and trophic guilds, the most abundant infaunal bivalve shells and nektobenthic fish otoliths, differed in radiocarbon age in surficial sediments along a depth gradient from 10 to 40 m on the warm-temperate Israeli shelf, and we modeled their dynamics of taphonomic loss. We found that, in spite of the higher potential of fishes for out-of-habitat transport after death, differences in age structure within depths were smaller by almost an order of magnitude than differences between depths. Shell and otolith assemblages underwent depth-specific burial pathways independent of taxon identity, generating death assemblages with comparable time averaging, and supporting the assumption of temporal and spatial co-occurrence of mollusks and fishes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G47210.1
    DOI: 10.1130/2020173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184929-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041152-2
    SSG: 13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Supplemental Information 4: Collection numbers
    PeerJ ; 2020
    In:  PeerJ Vol. 8 ( 2020-05-14), p. e9139-
    Details
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 8 ( 2020-05-14), p. e9139-
    Abstract: Beta diversity, the compositional variation among communities, is often associated with environmental gradients. Other drivers of beta diversity include stochastic processes, priority effects, predation, or competitive exclusion. Temporal turnover may also explain differences in faunal composition between fossil assemblages. To assess the drivers of beta diversity in reef-associated soft-bottom environments, we investigate community patterns in a Middle to Late Triassic reef basin assemblage from the Cassian Formation in the Dolomites, Northern Italy, and compare results with a Recent reef basin assemblage from the Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. We evaluate beta diversity with regard to age, water depth, and spatial distance, and compare the results with a null model to evaluate the stochasticity of these differences. Using pairwise proportional dissimilarity, we find very high beta diversity for the Cassian Formation (0.91 ± 0.02) and slightly lower beta diversity for the Bay of Safaga (0.89 ± 0.04). Null models show that stochasticity only plays a minor role in determining faunal differences. Spatial distance is also irrelevant. Contrary to expectations, there is no tendency of beta diversity to decrease with water depth. Although water depth has frequently been found to be a key factor in determining beta diversity, we find that it is not the major driver in these reef-associated soft-bottom environments. We postulate that priority effects and the biotic structuring of the sediment may be key determinants of beta diversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
    URL: Article
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    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-4
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-5
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-6
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-7
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/fig-8
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/table-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/table-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/table-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/table-4
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/table-5
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/supp-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/supp-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/supp-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139/supp-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The environmental factors limiting the distribution of shallow-water terebratulid brachiopods
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2020-05), p. 193-217
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2020-05), p. 193-217
    Abstract: The Cenozoic genus Terebratula seems to be an exception to the post-Permian trend in brachiopod retreat to offshore habitats, because it was species rich and numerically abundant in warm-temperate shallow-water environments in the Mediterranean and the Paratethys realms. This was so despite the general dominance of bivalves and the pervasive bioturbation and predation pressure during the Neogene. Terebratula , however, went extinct in the Calabrian (Pleistocene). The optimal environmental conditions for Terebratula during its prime are poorly known. The Águilas Basin (SE Spain) is an ideal study area to investigate the habitat of Terebratula , because shell beds of this brachiopod occur there cyclically in early Pliocene deposits. We evaluate the paleoecological boundary conditions controlling the distribution of Terebratula by estimating its environmental tolerances using benthic and planktic foraminiferal and nannoplanktic assemblages and oxygen isotopes of the secondary layer brachiopod calcite. Our results suggest that Terebratula in the Águilas Basin favored oligotrophic to mesotrophic, well-oxygenated environments at water depths of 60–90 m. Planktic foraminiferal assemblages and oxygen isotopes point to sea-surface temperatures between ~16°C and 22°C, and bottom-water temperatures between 17°C and 24°C. The analyzed proxies indicate that Terebratula tolerated local variations in water depth, bottom temperature, oxygenation, productivity, and organic enrichment. Terebratula was probably excluded by grazing pressure from well-lit environments and preferentially occupied sediment-starved, current-swept upper offshore habitats where coralline red algae were absent. Narrow temperature ranges of Terebratula species might have been a disadvantage during the high-amplitude seawater temperature fluctuations that started about 1 Ma, when the genus went extinct.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pab.2020.11
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052186-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecological regime shift preserved in the Anthropocene stratigraphic record
    The Royal Society ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 287, No. 1929 ( 2020-06-24), p. 20200695-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 287, No. 1929 ( 2020-06-24), p. 20200695-
    Abstract: Palaeoecological data are unique historical archives that extend back far beyond the last several decades of ecological observations. However, the fossil record of continental shelves has been perceived as too coarse (with centennial-millennial resolution) and incomplete to detect processes occurring at yearly or decadal scales relevant to ecology and conservation. Here, we show that the youngest (Anthropocene) fossil record on the northern Adriatic continental shelf provides decadal-scale resolution that accurately documents an abrupt ecological change affecting benthic communities during the twentieth century. The magnitude and the duration of the twentieth century shift in body size of the bivalve Corbula gibba is unprecedented given that regional populations of this species were dominated by small-size classes throughout the Holocene. The shift coincided with compositional changes in benthic assemblages, driven by an increase from approximately 25% to approximately 70% in median per-assemblage abundance of C. gibba . This regime shift increase occurred preferentially at sites that experienced at least one hypoxic event per decade in the twentieth century. Larger size and higher abundance of C. gibba probably reflect ecological release as it coincides with an increase in the frequency of seasonal hypoxia that triggered mass mortality of competitors and predators. Higher frequency of hypoxic events is coupled with a decline in the depth of intense sediment mixing by burrowing benthic organisms from several decimetres to less than 20 cm, significantly improving the stratigraphic resolution of the Anthropocene fossil record and making it possible to detect sub-centennial ecological changes on continental shelves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0695
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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