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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1999  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction to “Prediction of the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM GCM” by Ulrike Lohmann et al.
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D20 ( 1999-10-27), p. 24557-24563
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D20 ( 1999-10-27), p. 24557-24563
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900840
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
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    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tropospheric sulfur cycle in the Canadian general circulation model
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D21 ( 1999-11-20), p. 26833-26858
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D21 ( 1999-11-20), p. 26833-26858
    Abstract: Emission, transport, chemistry, and scavenging of the gaseous sulfur species dimethyl sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and sulfate aerosols are calculated on‐line with the meteorology in the general circulation model (GCM) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCMA). Additionally, prognostic equations for cloud water and cloud ice have been introduced. The sensitivity of this sulfur cycle to differences in GCM physics and dynamics has been studied by comparing the results to those obtained with the ECHAM GCM which has a very similar sulfur cycle and cloud scheme, but a different turbulent diffusion and convection scheme. The differences in the global mean burdens of SO 2 and sulfate are less than 2%. Simulated surface SO 2 concentrations with CCCMA in winter as well as the seasonal cycle are in better agreement with observations at several sites than those simulated with ECHAM because of stronger boundary layer mixing in CCCMA. The simulated surface SO 4 2− with CCCMA, however, is often higher than observed and in ECHAM. Additionally, sensitivity experiments showed that the global sulfur budgets are most sensitive to changes in the cloud cover parameterization and less sensitive to changes in pH calculation and oxidation of SO 2 in convective clouds. The results of the sensitivity experiments give evidence for the importance of all of these effects on the geographical and vertical distribution of sulfur and cloud liquid water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900343
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
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    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM GCM
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D8 ( 1999-04-27), p. 9169-9198
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D8 ( 1999-04-27), p. 9169-9198
    Abstract: In this paper a prognostic equation for the number of cloud droplets (CDNC) is introduced into the ECHAM general circulation model. The initial CDNC is based on the mechanistic model of Chuang and Penner [1995], providing a more realistical prediction of CDNC than the empirical method previously used. Cloud droplet nucleation is parameterized as a function of total aerosol number concentration, updraft velocity, and a shape parameter, which takes the aerosol composition and size distribution into account. The total number of aerosol particles is obtained as the sum of marine sulfate aerosols produced from dimethyl sulfide, hydrophylic organic and black carbon, submicron dust, and sea‐salt aerosols. Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols only add mass to the preexisting aerosols but do not form new particles. The simulated annual mean liquid water path, column CDNC, and effective radius agree well with observations, as does the frequency distributions of column CDNC for clouds over oceans and the variations of cloud optical depth with effective radius.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900046
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing Different Cloud Schemes of a Single Column Model by Using Mesoscale Forcing and Nudging Technique
    American Meteorological Society ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1999-02), p. 438-461
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1999-02), p. 438-461
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012〈0438:CDCSOA〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1999
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    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can a relaxation technique be used to validate clouds and sulphur species in a GCM? : GCM CLOUDS AND SULPHUR VALIDATION
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 125, No. 556 ( 1999-04), p. 1277-1294
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 125, No. 556 ( 1999-04), p. 1277-1294
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.1999.49712555609
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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