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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-15)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-15)
    Abstract: The ocean moderates the world’s climate through absorption of heat and carbon, but how much carbon the ocean will continue to absorb remains unknown. The North Atlantic Ocean west (Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea) and east (Fram Strait/Greenland Sea) of Greenland features the most intense absorption of anthropogenic carbon globally; the biological carbon pump (BCP) contributes substantially. As Arctic sea-ice melts, the BCP changes, impacting global climate and other critical ocean attributes (e.g. biodiversity). Full understanding requires year-round observations across a range of ice conditions. Here we present such observations: autonomously collected Eulerian continuous 24-month time-series in Fram Strait. We show that, compared to ice-unaffected conditions, sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the BCP by 4 months, a shift from an export to a retention system, with measurable impacts on benthic communities. This has implications for ecosystem dynamics in the future warmer Arctic where the seasonal ice zone is expected to expand.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26943-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The polar night shift: seasonal dynamics and drivers of Arctic Ocean microbiomes revealed by autonomous sampling
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  ISME Communications Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-12-11)
    Details
    In: ISME Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-12-11)
    Abstract: The Arctic Ocean features extreme seasonal differences in daylight, temperature, ice cover, and mixed layer depth. However, the diversity and ecology of microbes across these contrasting environmental conditions remain enigmatic. Here, using autonomous samplers and sensors deployed at two mooring sites, we portray an annual cycle of microbial diversity, nutrient concentrations and physical oceanography in the major hydrographic regimes of the Fram Strait. The ice-free West Spitsbergen Current displayed a marked separation into a productive summer (dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria) and regenerative winter state (dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria, and archaea). The autumn post-bloom with maximal nutrient depletion featured Coscinodiscophyceae , Rhodobacteraceae (e.g. Amylibacter ) and the SAR116 clade. Winter replenishment of nitrate, silicate and phosphate, linked to vertical mixing and a unique microbiome that included Magnetospiraceae and Dadabacteriales, fueled the following phytoplankton bloom. The spring-summer succession of Phaeocystis , Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Aurantivirga , Formosa, Polaribacter and NS lineages, indicating metabolic relationships. In the East Greenland Current, deeper sampling depth, ice cover and polar water masses concurred with weaker seasonality and a stronger heterotrophic signature. The ice-related winter microbiome comprised Bacillaria , Naviculales , Polarella , Chrysophyceae and Flavobacterium ASVs. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while others such as Phaeocystis increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters microbiome structure and eventually the biological carbon pump. These insights promote the understanding of microbial seasonality and polar night ecology in the Arctic Ocean, a region severely affected by climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2730-6151
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00074-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3041786-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sea-ice melt determines seasonal phytoplankton dynamics and delimits the habitat of temperate Atlantic taxa as the Arctic Ocean atlantifies
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  ISME Communications
    Details
    In: ISME Communications, Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Abstract: The Arctic Ocean is one of the regions where anthropogenic environmental change is progressing most rapidly and drastically. The impact of rising temperatures and decreasing sea ice on Arctic marine microbial communities is yet not well understood. Microbes form the basis of food webs in the Arctic Ocean, providing energy for larger organisms. Previous studies have shown that Atlantic taxa associated with low light are robust to more polar conditions. We compared to which extent sea ice melt influences light-associated phytoplankton dynamics and biodiversity over two years at two mooring locations in the Fram Strait. One mooring is deployed in pure Atlantic water, and the second in the intermittently ice-covered Marginal Ice Zone. Time-series analysis of amplicon sequence variants abundance over a two-year period, allowed us to identify communities of co-occurring taxa that exhibit similar patterns throughout the annual cycle. We then examined how alterations in environmental conditions affect the prevalence of species. During high abundance periods of diatoms, polar phytoplankton populations dominated, while temperate taxa were weakly represented. Furthermore, we found that polar pelagic and ice-associated taxa, such as Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Melosira arctica, were more common in Atlantic conditions, while temperate taxa, such as Odontella aurita and Proboscia alata, were less abundant. This suggests that sea ice melt may act as a barrier to the northward expansion of temperate phytoplankton, preventing their dominance in regions still strongly influenced by polar conditions. Our findings highlight the complex interactions between sea ice melt, phytoplankton dynamics, and biodiversity in the Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2730-6151
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae027
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3041786-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover drive taxonomic and functional shifts in Arctic marine bacterial communities
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  The ISME Journal Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1612-1625
    Details
    In: The ISME Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1612-1625
    Abstract: The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of “replacement” through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1751-7362 , 1751-7370
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01461-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2299378-2
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