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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intelligibility in 3-Year-Olds With Cleft Lip and/or Palate Using the Intelligibility in Context Scale: Findings from the Cleft Collective Cohort Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal Vol. 58, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1178-1189
    Details
    In: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 58, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1178-1189
    Abstract: To provide comparison data on the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) for a sample of 3-year-old English-speaking children born with any cleft type. Design: Questionnaire data from the Cleft Collective Cohort Study were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to determine difference according to children’s cleft type and syndromic status. Participants: A total of 412 children born with cleft lip and/or palate whose mothers had completed the ICS when their child was 3 years old. Main Outcome Measure(s): Mothers’ rating of their children’s intelligibility using the ICS. Results: The average ICS score for the total sample was 3.75 ( sometimes-usually intelligible; standard deviation [SD] = 0.76, 95% CIs = 3.68-3.83) of a possible score of 5 ( always intelligible). Children’s speech was reported to be most intelligible to their mothers (mean = 4.33, SD = 0.61, 95% CIs = 4.27-4.39) and least intelligible to strangers (mean = 3.36, SD = 1.00, 95% CIs = 3.26-3.45). There was strong evidence ( P 〈 .001) for a difference in intelligibility between children with cleft lip only (n = 104, mean = 4.13, SD = 0.62, 95% CIs = 4.01-4.25) and children with any form of cleft palate (n = 308, mean = 3.63, SD = 0.76, 95% CIs = 3.52-3.71). Children born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip and an identified syndrome were rated as less intelligible (n = 63, mean = 3.28, SD = 0.85, 95% CIs = 3.06-3.49) compared to children who did not have a syndrome (n = 245, mean = 3.72, SD = 0.71, 95% CIs = 3.63-3.81). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary comparative data for clinical services using the outcome measures recommended by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-6656 , 1545-1569
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1055665620985747
    RVK:
    XA 36625
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030056-6
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  • 2
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    Cutting down or eating up: Examining meat consumption, reduction, and sustainable food beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Food Quality and Preference Vol. 104 ( 2023-03), p. 104718-
    Details
    In: Food Quality and Preference, Elsevier BV, Vol. 104 ( 2023-03), p. 104718-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-3293
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104718
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013024-7
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  • 3
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    Interaction matters: Bottom‐up driver interdependencies alter the projected response of phytoplankton communities to climate change
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 29, No. 15 ( 2023-08), p. 4234-4258
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 15 ( 2023-08), p. 4234-4258
    Abstract: Phytoplankton growth is controlled by multiple environmental drivers, which are all modified by climate change. While numerous experimental studies identify interactive effects between drivers, large‐scale ocean biogeochemistry models mostly account for growth responses to each driver separately and leave the results of these experimental multiple‐driver studies largely unused. Here, we amend phytoplankton growth functions in a biogeochemical model by dual‐driver interactions (CO 2 and temperature, CO 2 and light), based on data of a published meta‐analysis on multiple‐driver laboratory experiments. The effect of this parametrization on phytoplankton biomass and community composition is tested using present‐day and future high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) climate forcing. While the projected decrease in future total global phytoplankton biomass in simulations with driver interactions is similar to that in control simulations without driver interactions (5%–6%), interactive driver effects are group‐specific. Globally, diatom biomass decreases more with interactive effects compared with the control simulation (−8.1% with interactions vs. no change without interactions). Small‐phytoplankton biomass, by contrast, decreases less with on‐going climate change when the model accounts for driver interactions (−5.0% vs. −9.0%). The response of global coccolithophore biomass to future climate conditions is even reversed when interactions are considered (+33.2% instead of −10.8%). Regionally, the largest difference in the future phytoplankton community composition between the simulations with and without driver interactions is detected in the Southern Ocean, where diatom biomass decreases (−7.5%) instead of increases (+14.5%), raising the share of small phytoplankton and coccolithophores of total phytoplankton biomass. Hence, interactive effects impact the phytoplankton community structure and related biogeochemical fluxes in a future ocean. Our approach is a first step to integrate the mechanistic understanding of interacting driver effects on phytoplankton growth gained by numerous laboratory experiments into a global ocean biogeochemistry model, aiming toward more realistic future projections of phytoplankton biomass and community composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v29.15
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16799
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Effects of Atlantification and changing sea‐ice dynamics on zooplankton community structure and carbon flux between 2000 and 2016 in the eastern Fram Strait
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 68, No. S1 ( 2023-06)
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. S1 ( 2023-06)
    Abstract: The collection of zooplankton swimmers and sinkers in time‐series sediment traps provides unique insight into year‐round and interannual trends in zooplankton population dynamics. These samples are particularly valuable in remote and difficult to access areas such as the Arctic Ocean, where samples from the ice‐covered season are rare. In the present study, we investigated zooplankton composition based on swimmers and sinkers collected by sediment traps at water depths of 180–280, 800–1320, and 2320–2550 m, over a period of 16 yr (2000–2016) at the Long‐Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN located in the eastern Fram Strait (79°N, 4°E). The time‐series data showed seasonal and interannual trends within the dominant zooplankton groups including copepoda, foraminifera, ostracoda, amphipoda, pteropoda, and chaetognatha. Amphipoda and copepoda dominated the abundance of swimmers while pteropoda and foraminifera were the most important sinkers. Although the seasonal occurrence of these groups was relatively consistent between years, there were notable interannual variations in abundance, suggesting the influence of various environmental conditions such as sea‐ice dynamic and lateral advection of water masses, for example, meltwater and Atlantic water. Statistical analyses revealed a correlation between the Arctic dipole climatic index and sea‐ice dynamics (i.e., ice coverage and concentration), as well as the importance of the distance from the ice edge on swimmer composition patterns and carbon export.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v68.S1
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.12192
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
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    The Relationship Between Maxillary Growth and Speech in Children With a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at 5 Years of Age
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 453-461
    Details
    In: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 453-461
    Abstract: This study sought to investigate the association between maxillary growth and speech outcomes for children with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 years of age. Participants: In all, 521 children (180 females and 341 males) with a nonsyndromic complete UCLP, born between 2007 and 2012 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland were included in this study. Outcome Measures: Maxillary growth was analyzed using dental models scored by the 5-Year-Olds’ index, and perceptual speech analyses were scored by the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech – Augmented rating. Results: Forty-one percent of the children achieved good maxillary growth (scores 1 and 2 on 5-Year-Old’ index). Fifty percent of the children achieved normal speech (achieving UK speech standard 1). Maxillary growth was not found to have an impact on speech outcome when described by the 3 UK National Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Audit Outcome Standards. Analysis according to individual speech parameters showed dentalizations to be less prevalent in children with good maxillary growth compared to fair and poor growth ( P = .001). The remaining speech parameters within resonance, nasal airflow, and articulation categories were not significantly associated with maxillary growth. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that children with a history of complete UCLP, who have poor maxillary growth, are not at a higher risk of having major speech errors compared to children with good or fair maxillary growth at 5 years of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-6656 , 1545-1569
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10556656211010620
    RVK:
    XA 36625
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030056-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Shelled pteropods in peril: Assessing vulnerability in a high CO2 ocean
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Earth-Science Reviews Vol. 169 ( 2017-06), p. 132-145
    Details
    In: Earth-Science Reviews, Elsevier BV, Vol. 169 ( 2017-06), p. 132-145
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-8252
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.04.005
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1792-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012642-6
    SSG: 13
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  • 7
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    Cascading effects augment the direct impact of CO2 on phytoplankton growth in a biogeochemical model
    University of California Press ; 2022
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-09-16)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-09-16)
    Abstract: Atmospheric and oceanic CO2 concentrations are rising at an unprecedented rate. Laboratory studies indicate a positive effect of rising CO2 on phytoplankton growth until an optimum is reached, after which the negative impact of accompanying acidification dominates. Here, we implemented carbonate system sensitivities of phytoplankton growth into our global biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM and accounted explicitly for coccolithophores as the group most sensitive to CO2. In idealized simulations in which solely the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio was modified, changes in competitive fitness and biomass are not only caused by the direct effects of CO2, but also by indirect effects via nutrient and light limitation as well as grazing. These cascading effects can both amplify or dampen phytoplankton responses to changing ocean pCO2 levels. For example, coccolithophore growth is negatively affected both directly by future pCO2 and indirectly by changes in light limitation, but these effects are compensated by a weakened nutrient limitation resulting from the decrease in small-phytoplankton biomass. In the Southern Ocean, future pCO2 decreases small-phytoplankton biomass and hereby the preferred prey of zooplankton, which reduces the grazing pressure on diatoms and allows them to proliferate more strongly. In simulations that encompass CO2-driven warming and acidification, our model reveals that recent observed changes in North Atlantic coccolithophore biomass are driven primarily by warming and not by CO2. Our results highlight that CO2 can change the effects of other environmental drivers on phytoplankton growth, and that cascading effects may play an important role in projections of future net primary production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00104
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
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  • 8
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    Influence of Glacial Meltwater on Summer Biogeochemical Cycles in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 6 ( 2019-8-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2019-8-13)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00412
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 9
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    “Wissenschaft fürs Wohnzimmer” – 2 years of weekly interactive, scientific livestreams on YouTube
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Polarforschung Vol. 91 ( 2023-08-14), p. 31-43
    Details
    In: Polarforschung, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 91 ( 2023-08-14), p. 31-43
    Abstract: Abstract. Science communication is becoming increasingly important to connect academia and society and to counteract misinformation. Online video platforms, such as YouTube, allow easily accessible communication of scientific knowledge to audiences made up of the general public. In April 2020, a diverse group of researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, launched the YouTube channel called “Wissenschaft fürs Wohnzimmer” (translated to “Living Room Science”) to stream scientific talks about climate change and biodiversity every Thursday evening, with the aim to reach a broad range of members of the public with a general interest in science and climate. Here we report on the numbers and diversity of content, viewers, and presenters from 2 years and 100 episodes of weekly livestreams. Presented topics encompass all areas of polar research, the scientific and societal aspects of climate change and biodiversity loss, and new technologies to deal with the changing world and climate of the future. We show that constant engagement by a group of co-hosts and presenters representing all topics, career stages, and genders enables the continuous growth of views and subscriptions, i.e. a measurable impact. After 783 d, the channel gained 30 251 views and 828 subscribers and hosted well-known scientists, while enabling especially early-career researchers to foster their outreach and media skills. We show that interactive and science-related videos, both live and on-demand, within a pleasant atmosphere, can be produced alongside the main research activity by scientists, while also maintaining high quality. We further discuss the challenges and possible improvements for the future. Our experiences will help other researchers conduct meaningful scientific outreach and push the boundaries of existing formats towards a better understanding of climate change and our planet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2190-1090
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/polf-91-31-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 123536-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2382035-4
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  • 10
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    Meta‐analysis of multiple driver effects on marine phytoplankton highlights modulating role of p CO 2
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 6787-6804
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 6787-6804
    Abstract: Responses of marine primary production to a changing climate are determined by a concert of multiple environmental changes, for example in temperature, light, p CO 2 , nutrients, and grazing. To make robust projections of future global marine primary production, it is crucial to understand multiple driver effects on phytoplankton. This meta‐analysis quantifies individual and interactive effects of dual driver combinations on marine phytoplankton growth rates. Almost 50% of the single‐species laboratory studies were excluded because central data and metadata (growth rates, carbonate system, experimental treatments) were insufficiently reported. The remaining data (42 studies) allowed for the analysis of interactions of p CO 2 with temperature, light, and nutrients, respectively. Growth rates mostly respond non‐additively, whereby the interaction with increased p CO 2 profusely dampens growth‐enhancing effects of high temperature and high light. Multiple and single driver effects on coccolithophores differ from other phytoplankton groups, especially in their high sensitivity to increasing p CO 2 . Polar species decrease their growth rate in response to high p CO 2 , while temperate and tropical species benefit under these conditions. Based on the observed interactions and projected changes, we anticipate primary productivity to: (a) first increase but eventually decrease in the Arctic Ocean once nutrient limitation outweighs the benefits of higher light availability; (b) decrease in the tropics and mid‐latitudes due to intensifying nutrient limitation, possibly amplified by elevated p CO 2 ; and (c) increase in the Southern Ocean in view of higher nutrient availability and synergistic interaction with increasing p CO 2 . Growth‐enhancing effect of high light and warming to coccolithophores, mainly Emiliania huxleyi , might increase their relative abundance as long as not offset by acidification. Dinoflagellates are expected to increase their relative abundance due to their positive growth response to increasing p CO 2 and light levels. Our analysis reveals gaps in the knowledge on multiple driver responses and provides recommendations for future work on phytoplankton.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.12
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15341
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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