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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (4)
  • Payne, Daniel C  (4)
  • 1
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    Comparative genomic analysis of genogroup 1 and genogroup 2 rotaviruses circulating in seven US cities, 2014–2016
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Virus Evolution Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-01-20)
    Details
    In: Virus Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-01-20)
    Abstract: For over a decade, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active rotavirus (RVA) strain surveillance in the USA. The evolution of RVA in the post-vaccine introduction era and the possible effects of vaccine pressure on contemporary circulating strains in the USA are still under investigation. Here, we report the whole-gene characterization (eleven ORFs) for 157 RVA strains collected at seven NVSN sites during the 2014 through 2016 seasons. The sequenced strains included 52 G1P[8], 47 G12P[8] , 18 G9P[8], 24 G2P[4] , 5 G3P[6], as well as 7 vaccine strains, a single mixed strain (G9G12P[8] ), and 3 less common strains. The majority of the single and mixed strains possessed a Wa-like backbone with consensus genotype constellation of G1/G3/G9/G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, while the G2P[4] , G3P[6], and G2P[8] strains displayed a DS-1-like genetic backbone with consensus constellation of G2/G3-P[4]/P[6] /P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Two intergenogroup reassortant G1P[8] strains were detected that appear to be progenies of reassortment events between Wa-like G1P[8] and DS-1-like G2P[4] strains. Two Rotarix® vaccine (RV1) and two RV5 derived (vd) reassortant strains were detected. Phylogenetic and similarity matrices analysis revealed 2–11 sub-genotypic allelic clusters among the genes of Wa- and DS-1-like strains. Most study strains clustered into previously defined alleles. Amino acid (AA) substitutions occurring in the neutralization epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins characterized in this study were mostly neutral in nature, suggesting that these RVA proteins were possibly under strong negative or purifying selection in order to maintain competent and actual functionality, but fourteen radical (AA changes that occur between groups) AA substitutions were noted that may allow RVA strains to gain a selective advantage through immune escape. The tracking of RVA strains at the sub-genotypic allele constellation level will enhance our understanding of RVA evolution under vaccine pressure, help identify possible mechanisms of immune escape, and provide valuable information for formulation of future RVA vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-1577
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2818949-8
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  • 2
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    Rotavirus Genotype Trends and Gastrointestinal Pathogen Detection in the United States, 2014–2016: Results From the New Vaccine Surveillance Network
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 224, No. 9 ( 2021-11-16), p. 1539-1549
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    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 224, No. 9 ( 2021-11-16), p. 1539-1549
    Abstract: Following the implementation of rotavirus vaccination in 2006, severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to group A rotavirus (RVA) has substantially declined in US children. We report the RVA genotype prevalence as well as coinfection data from 7 US New Vaccine Surveillance Network sites during 3 consecutive RVA seasons, 2014–2016 Methods A total of 1041 stool samples that tested positive for RVA by Rotaclone enzyme immunoassay were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for RVA genotyping and multipathogen testing. Results A total of 795 (76%) samples contained detectable RVA when tested at the CDC. Rotavirus disease was highest in children & lt; 3 years of age. Four G types (G1, G2, G9, and G12) accounted for 94.6% of strains while 2 P types (P[4] and P[8] ) accounted for 94.7% of the strains. Overall, G12P[8] was the most common genotype detected in all 3 seasons. Stepwise conditional logistic analysis found year and study site were significant predictors of genotype. Twenty-four percent of RVA-positive specimens contained other AGE pathogens. Conclusions G12P[8] predominated over 3 seasons, but strain predominance varied by year and study site. Ongoing surveillance provides continuous tracking and monitoring of US genotypes during the postvaccine era.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab177
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 3
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    Viral Etiology of Acute Gastroenteritis in 〈2-Year-Old US Children in the Post–Rotavirus Vaccine Era
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-11-06), p. 414-421
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    In: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-11-06), p. 414-421
    Abstract: The rotavirus disease burden has declined substantially since rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the United States in 2006. The aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in US children aged 〈 2 years. Methods The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) of geographically diverse US sites conducts active pediatric population-based surveillance in hospitals and emergency departments. Stool samples were collected from children aged 〈 2 years with symptoms of AGE (n = 330) and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 272) between January and December 2012. Samples were tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays {adenovirus (type 40 and 41), norovirus, parechovirus A, enterovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus} and an enzyme immunoassay (rotavirus). All samples that tested positive were genotyped. Results Detection rates of pathogens in children with AGE versus those of HCs were, respectively, 23.0% versus 6.6% for norovirus (P 〈 .01), 23.0% versus 16.0% for adenovirus (P = .08), 11.0% versus 16.0% for parechovirus A (P = .09), 11.0% versus 9.0% for enterovirus (P = .34), 7.0% versus 3.0% for sapovirus (P = .07), 3.0% versus 0.3% for astrovirus (P = .01), and 3.0% versus 0.4% for rotavirus (P = .01). A high prevalence of adenovirus was detected at 1 surveillance site (49.0% for children with AGE and 43.0% for HCs). Norovirus GII.4 New Orleans was the most frequently detected (33.0%) norovirus genotype. Codetection of 〉 1 virus was more common in children with AGE (16.0%) than in HCs (10.0%) (P = .03). Conclusions Norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus were detected significantly more in children with AGE than in HCs, and norovirus was the leading AGE-causing pathogen in US children aged 〈 2 years during the year 2012.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-7193 , 2048-7207
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy077
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2668791-4
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  • 4
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    Evidence for Household Transmission of Rotavirus in the United States, 2011–2016
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-04-30), p. 181-187
    Details
    In: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-04-30), p. 181-187
    Abstract: Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and is highly transmissible. In this study, we assessed the presence of AGE in household contacts (HHCs) of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus. Methods Between December 2011 and June 2016, children aged 14 days to 11 years with AGE were enrolled at 1 of 7 hospitals or emergency departments as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Parental interviews, medical and vaccination records, and stool specimens were collected at enrollment. Stool was tested for rotavirus by an enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by real-time or conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay or repeated enzyme immunoassay. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to assess AGE in HHCs the week after the enrolled child’s illness. A mixed-effects multivariate model was used to calculate odds ratios. Results Overall, 829 rotavirus-positive subjects and 8858 rotavirus-negative subjects were enrolled. Households of rotavirus-positive subjects were more likely to report AGE illness in ≥1 HHC than were rotavirus-negative households (35% vs 20%, respectively; P & lt; .0001). A total of 466 (16%) HHCs of rotavirus-positive subjects reported AGE illness. Of the 466 ill HHCs, 107 (23%) sought healthcare; 6 (6%) of these encounters resulted in hospitalization. HHCs who were & lt;5 years old (odds ratio, 2.2 [P = .004]) were more likely to report AGE illness than those in other age groups. In addition, 144 households reported out-of-pocket expenses (median, $20; range, $2–$640) necessary to care for an ill HHC. Conclusions Rotavirus-associated AGE in children can lead to significant disease burden in HHCs, especially in children aged & lt;5 years. Prevention of pediatric rotavirus illness, notably through vaccination, can prevent additional illnesses in HHCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-7193 , 2048-7207
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2668791-4
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